硅／多孔硅异结光生电压谱研究

首次报道硅／多孔硅异质结光生电压谱，发现多孔硅的激发能有不连续性，表明多孔硅量子点由一层层硅硅原子有序排列而构成，其尺寸分布是不连续的，其差值为硅晶格常数的整数倍，光生电压谱是研究多孔硅和硅／多孔硅异质结能带结构的有效方法。     

硅／多孔硅异质结光生电压谱研究

首次报道硅／多孔硅异质结光生电压谱，发现多孔硅的激发能有不连续性，表明多孔硅量子点由一层层硅原子有序排列而构成，其尺寸分布是不连续的，其差值为硅晶格常数的整数倍，光生电压谱是研究多孔硅和硅／多孔硅异质结能带结构的有效方法．     

多孔硅发光峰位波长为370nm的紫外光发射

对特定工艺制备的多孔硅进行干氧氧化处理，观察到光致发光峰位波长为３７０ｎｍ左右的紫外光发射．紫外光强度与高温氧化温度有关，当氧化温度为１０００℃时，多孔硅紫外光发射最强，而在１１５０℃温度下氧化５ｍｉｎ，多孔硅纳米硅粒消失后，紫外发射变得很弱．紫外光峰位与氧化温度无关，但在１０００℃氧化的多孔硅光致发光谱中出现附加的位干３６０ｎｍ的发光峰．如认为光激发主要发生在多孔硅的纳米硅粒中，而光发射主要发生在多孔硅中包裹纳米硅的ＳｉＯｘ层中的两种（或多种）发光中心上，则本文的实验能被很好解释．     

多孔硅中电子光跃迁过程的研究

用硅-氧化硅复合纳米材料的能带混合模型研究了多孔硅中的各类电子状态。分析了各种状态的能带属性及其量子限制特性，从而解释了实验中观察到的量子限制态和非量子限制态。在有效质量理论框架下计算了不同能级间的光跃迁矩阵元，得出了带内和带间状态间的跃迁选择定则。运用所计算的结果较好地解释了实验中观察到的PL和CL光谱中的量子限制态、非量子限制态、元激发陷阱以及各种不同的谱峰。最后从多孔硅发光特性与半导体材料及杂质、缺陷发光的对比中阐明了这种纳米发光材料的特征。由此笔者提出了研究硅一氧化硅复合纳米材料来开发新的硅基发光材料、器件和集成电路的新途径。     

多孔硅研究的发展

多年来．人们对多孔硅的制备方法、微结构特征及其化学成分、发光特性以及发光机制等方面做了深入的研究和探讨．文章对这几个方面的研究工作做了介绍．并对目前的研究状况和应用研究中存在的问题进行了分析。制备出均匀性好、发光效率高、性质稳定、机械强度较高的多孔硅是促进其实用化进程的基本途径。人们对多孔硅进行大量研究的目的主要在于获得硅发光集成装置．另外多孔硅的应用研究也体现在光电子器件、光学器件和传感器件3个方面。多孔硅在微电子学、晶片机械加工、生物工艺学等领域也具有潜在的应用价值．     

锗硅超晶格和多孔硅中的分波发光

锗硅超晶格和多孔硅的大量实验分析表明，其发光性能既不能用间接带隙来解释，也不同于直接光跃迁。本文通过波函数的谐波分析和表面化学键诱生的能带混合研究得出这两种材料中都可能产生出直接带隙分波，从而得到直接光跃迁。运用这种分波发光模型，解释了锗硅超晶格和多孔硅的大量实验结果。最后比较了这两种材料能带工程中的物理效应和化学效应，提出了综合此两效应优化设计新发光材料的新方法。     

多孔硅研究的新进展

多孔硅研究的新进展陈乾旺李新建朱警生周贵恩李晓光张裕恒（中国科学院中国科学技术大学结构分析开放研究实验室，合肥２３００２６）自１９９０年Ｃａｎｈａｍ发现多孔硅发射可见光的现象以来，人们对多孔硅的形成机理、发光机制和可能的技术上应用作了大量的工作。然而...     

多孔硅中的电子激发态及其光谱研究

本文用硅-氧化硅复合纳米材料的能带混合模型研究了多孔硅中的高能激发态．理论计算表明，随着电子能量的升高△波和Г波之间产生了极强的相互耦合，形成一对强△态和强Г态．这两种状态分别被限制在中心硅丝和表面氧化硅层中，从而产生实验中观察到的量子限制态和非量子限制态．在有效质量理论框架下计算了不同能级间的光跃迁矩阵元，得出了跃迁选择定则．强△态与Г态间的跃迁几率很小，在俘获电子以后可以构成一种元激发陷阶,运用所计算的结果较好地解释了实验中观察到的PL和CL光谱中的量子限制态、非量子限制态、元激发陷阱以及各种不同的谱峰．     

多孔硅负载银纳米颗粒提高硅基MSM光电探测器性能的研究

利用金属辅助刻蚀的方法在单晶硅片表面制备了多孔硅,结果表明多孔硅表面纳米结构的陷光作用在宽光谱范围内大幅提高了硅片的光吸收率。将银纳米颗粒负载到多孔硅表面,研究了其对硅基金属-半导体-金属型光电探测器(MSM-PDs)性能的影响。与基于硅片和多孔硅结构的MSM-PDs相比,基于多孔硅负载银纳米颗粒制备的MSM-PDs在420 nm入射光照射条件下的光暗电导比以及光响应度都有显著提高,这主要得益于表面纳米结构对暗电导的降低及光场中银纳米颗粒的LSPR效应对光电导的提升作用。     

硅基多孔β－SiC蓝光发射的稳定性

在自然存放、光辐照以及高温氧化等条件下，通过与常见多孔硅发光性能的对比，发现硅基多孔β－ＳｉＣ具有稳定的蓝光发射．这种发光的稳定性来源于多孔β－ＳｉＣ中Ｓｉ－Ｃ键的化学稳定性     

Photonic crystal microcrystalline silicon solar cells

Enhancing the absorption of thin‐film microcrystalline silicon solar cells over a broadband range in order to improve the energy conversion efficiency is a very important challenge in the development of low cost and stable solar energy harvesting. Here, we demonstrate that a broadband enhancement of the absorption can be achieved by creating a large number of resonant modes associated with two‐dimensional photonic crystal band edges. We utilize higher‐order optical modes perpendicular to the silicon layer, as well as the band‐folding effect by employing photonic crystal superlattice structures. We establish a method to incorporate photonic crystal structures into thin‐film (~500 nm) microcrystalline silicon photovoltaic layers while suppressing undesired defects formed in the microcrystalline silicon. The fabricated solar cells exhibit 1.3 times increase of a short circuit current density (from 15.0 mA/cm² to 19.6 mA/cm²) by introducing the photonic crystal structure, and consequently the conversion efficiency increases from 5.6% to 6.8%. Moreover, we theoretically analyze the absorption characteristics in the fabricated cell structure, and reveal that the energy conversion efficiency can be increased beyond 9.5% in a structure less than 1/400 as thick as conventional crystalline silicon solar cells with an efficiency of 24%. © 2015 The Authors. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

工作温度对硅基太阳电池转换效率的影响

基于wxAMPS软件建立硅基太阳电池一维物理模型,在温控条件下分别模拟计算了单晶硅电池和非晶硅电池的输出特性,并利用太阳能综合测试平台在温控条件下测试了单晶硅和非晶硅电池的输出特性.模拟结果表明非晶硅电池在温度升高过程中的光电转换效率下降幅度显著降低,与实验结果吻合.     

SHORT COMMUNICATION: ACCELERATED PUBLICATION: Multicrystalline silicon solar cells exceeding 20% efficiency

This paper presents the first conversion efficiency above 20% for a multicrystalline silicon solar cell. The application of wet oxidation for rear surface passivation significantly reduces the process temperature and therefore prevents the degradation of minority‐carrier lifetime. The excellent optical properties of the dielectrically passivated rear surface in combination with a plasma textured front surface result in a superior light trapping and allow the use of substrates below 100 μm thickness. A simplified process scheme with laser‐fired rear contacts leads to conversion efficiencies of 20·3% for multicrystalline and 21·2% for monocrystalline silicon solar cells on small device areas (1 cm²). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

废弃多晶硅太阳电池回收高纯硅片工艺研究

论述分析了国内外晶体硅太阳电池回收技术现状,研究了太阳电池的结构及制备工艺,提出了废弃多晶硅太阳电池回收高纯硅片的工艺.依次去除铝背场/铝硅合金层/背银、氮化硅减反膜/正银、磷扩散层及金属杂质,得到高纯硅片.硅原料的回收率高达76.4％,回收的高纯硅片经检验检测,其电阻率、间隙氧浓度、代位碳含量和少子寿命均符合GB/T 29055-2012中规定的性能参数.该回收工艺路线简单,回收率高,成本低,适于产业化推广.废弃太阳电池的回收再利用不仅可以在一定程度上缓解硅原料短缺的问题,还可以减少废弃的太阳电池给环境造成负担.     

Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandems with >28% Efficiency: Role of Silicon-Surface Texture on Perovskite Properties

Textured silicon wafers used in silicon solar cell manufacturing offer superior light trapping, which is a critical enabler for high-performance photovoltaics. A similar optical benefit can be obtained in monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells, enhancing the current output of the silicon bottom cell. Yet, such complex silicon surfaces may affect the structural and optoelectronic properties of the overlying perovskite films. Here, through extensive characterization based on optical and microstructural spectroscopy, it is found that the main effect of such substrate morphology lies in an altering of the photoluminescence response of the perovskite, which is associated with thickness variations of the perovskite, rather than lattice strain or compositional changes. With this understanding, the design of high-performance perovskite/silicon tandems is rationalized, yielding certified power conversion efficiencies of >28%.     

17.6% efficient tricrystalline silicon solar cells with spatially uniform texture

Up to now solar cells fabricated on tricrystalline Czochralski‐grown silicon (tri‐Si) have shown relatively low short‐circuit current densities of about 31–33 mA/cm² because the three {110}‐oriented grains cannot effectively be textured by commonly used anisotropic etching solutions. In this work, we have optimised a novel chemical texturing step for tri‐Si and integrated it successfully into our solar cell process. Metal/insulator/semiconductor‐contacted phosphorus‐diffused n⁺p junction silicon solar cells with a silicon‐dioxide‐passivated rear surface and evaporated aluminium contacts were manufactured, featuring a spatially uniform surface texture over all three grains on both cell sides. Despite the simple processing sequence and cell structure, an independently confirmed record efficiency of 17.6% has been achieved. This excellent efficiency is mainly due to an increased short‐circuit current density of 37 mA/cm² obtained by substantially reduced reflection and enhanced light trapping. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

空间太阳电池硅单晶的辐射效应及加固

概述了硅太阳电池和硅单晶在空间高能粒子辐射下性能的变化及采用掺锡、掺锂提高太阳电池用硅单晶抗辐射性能的原理和方法。     

a—Si太阳电池陷光结构的新模型及其优化

我们在分析陷光结构的表面形貌后,对陷光结构提出一个新的模型,并用它计算和分析析射率、形貌和膜厚等参数对陷光效果的影响。通过计算,我们找出这些参数的最佳值,并依此对陷光结构进行优化,以提高非晶硅太阳电池的效率和稳定性。     

Nanoparticle‐enhanced light trapping in thin‐film silicon solar cells

A systematic investigation of the nanoparticle‐enhanced light trapping in thin‐film silicon solar cells is reported. The nanoparticles are fabricated by annealing a thin Ag film on the cell surface. An optimisation roadmap for the plasmon‐enhanced light‐trapping scheme for self‐assembled Ag metal nanoparticles is presented, including a comparison of rear‐located and front‐located nanoparticles, an optimisation of the precursor Ag film thickness, an investigation on different conditions of the nanoparticle dielectric environment and a combination of nanoparticles with other supplementary back‐surface reflectors. Significant photocurrent enhancements have been achieved because of high scattering and coupling efficiency of the Ag nanoparticles into the silicon device. For the optimum light‐trapping scheme, a short‐circuit current enhancement of 27% due to Ag nanoparticles is achieved, increasing to 44% for a “nanoparticle/magnesium fluoride/diffuse paint” back‐surface reflector structure. This is 6% higher compared with our previously reported plasmonic short‐circuit current enhancement of 38%. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用于太阳能电池的多晶硅激光表面织构化研究

介绍了利用激光制备多晶硅表面织构的研究结果。采用激光在硅片表面刻蚀,然后利用化学方法去除残渣和损伤,制得均匀的表面陷光结构。通过扫描电子显微镜,HitachiU-4100分光光度计和Semilab WT2000少子寿命仪分析了表面织构化后硅片的表面形貌、反射率和少子寿命。通过调节激光和化学腐蚀参数得到很好的陷光效果,表面反射率最低可以降到约10%。但是激光刻蚀对硅片性能仍有一定损伤,有待改进。激光表面织构为多晶硅的减反射处理提供有效的途径。