纤维素生物质综合利用,促进造纸业转型升级

造纸行业因为资源、环境等问题正面临着严峻的挑战,而生物炼制模式可以充分利用制浆厂的纤维原料,不仅生产传统的纸浆产品,还可以多元化生产纤维材料、化学品和生物质能源等高附加值产品,提高植物纤维原料的利用率,减少造纸厂废弃物的排放量。文章介绍了笔者最近几年在木质纤维生物炼制领域的原料预处理分离,纤维素、半纤维素及木质素综合利用等方面的最新研究进展,并对在制浆造纸厂实行纤维素生物质综合利用的可行性和发展前景进行了展望,以为困境中的造纸行业转型升级提供借鉴。     

木素的生物降解及酶的作用

木素的降解是木质纤维原料利用的重要处理环节。在制浆过程中，木素在一定的温度、压力和PH值下发生降解，放生产纸浆的同时也带来了能量消耗高、污染状况严重的问题。为了在降低能源消耗、控制环境污染的前提下持续地发展制浆造纸工业，制浆造纸工作者不断地进行着探索和努力。生物技术由于节省能耗、减轻污染以及独特的反应适应性等特点，近年来引起了制浆造纸工作者的兴趣和重视。制浆造纸工业的基本原料是木材和禾本科植物茎秆，化学法制浆是这些纤维原料的化学处理过程，制浆废液也是其在化学作用下的降解产物，而自然界中最重要的生…     

制浆造纸废水深度处理新技术与应用进展

目前制浆造纸废水中大部分发色的木素衍生物都难于被降解脱色,排出废水的色度和COD较高。因此,必须对制浆造纸废水进行深度处理,进一步降低出水的COD和色度,提高出水质量,以达到《制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准》(GB3544—2008)的排放要求。文章着重介绍了国内外制浆造纸废水深度处理的最新技术,尤其对磁化预处理技术、生物酶深度处理技术、生物基因工程技术、复合仿生物酶技术、新型光催化氧化技术和组合技术的研发与应用进展进行了总结和分析。     

非木材纤维制浆环保问题有新解

第四届国际非木材纤维浆造纸会议以“为在非木材纤维和二次纤维制浆造纸方面实现清洁生产和质量第一而努力”为主题,目的是促进我国造纸工业健康发展,解决非木材纤维制浆造纸的环保问题,吸取国外的先进技术,特别是在废纸回收方面的新技术。随着森林资源的日益匮乏,非木材纤维成为较重要造纸原料。但是,非木材原料制浆造纸存在诸多的技术和环保问题。这次会议上与会代表就麦草、芦苇、麻类以及二次纤维原料在制浆造纸中的技术难点和制浆造纸过程控制污染的发生和处理措施,探寻了许多新工艺、新技术,提出的非木材纤维和二次纤维的联合…     

国内造纸期刊题录(摘录)

原料与备料竹浆产业与生态环境影响研究辉朝贸等西南造纸2003,1:4略论广西发展造纸工业的原料对策曹邦威西南造纸2003,1:11二次纤维的角质化损伤研究邵素英等上海造纸2003,1:16关注人造纤维工业发展加速国产高纯度漂白阔叶木浆的开发李晓东上海造纸2003,1:19江苏省造纸工业原料结构调整规划思路江苏省经济贸易委员会江苏造纸2003,1:2木素的研究与应用前景黄文荣等江苏造纸2003,1:19制浆生物酶用于废旧报纸脱墨的研究张久政等造纸科学与技术2003,1:14废纸脱墨技术与废纸脱墨剂的应用陆伟上海造纸2003,1:2麦草氧碱法制浆性能的研究童国林等上…     

国内造纸期刊题录(摘录)

原料与备料关于林纸一体化工程实施问题曹朴芳中华纸业2003,2:12广东省造纸工业发展及其原料结构调整的思路詹怀宇等中华纸业2003,2:22Metso化学制浆新技术──ChipWay木片制备技术TapaniHavu中华纸业2003,2:34废纸的再生与脱墨技术的现状及发展张效林等西南造纸2003,2:16重庆市造纸工业原料结构调整规划米庆元西南造纸2003,2:45化学纤维在特殊功能纸方面的开发应用万洪安等西南造纸2003,2:48玄武岩纤维/植物纤维复合材料及其性能的影响因素研究胡琳娜等造纸科学与技术2003,2:16制浆生产阔叶木化学浆与化学机械浆性能的对比研究孔凡功等国…     

国外废纸回用情况

随着造纸工业的发展,对纤维原料的需要量也日益增加。由于国外大多数国家以木材为主,而树木成材时间长,所以普遍存在着纤维原料缺乏的问题。为了解决原料困难,除了提高制浆得率、扩大森林复种面积、大量种植速生材、充分利用枝丫材及铇花锯末制浆、利用一年生植物纤维造纸以及用合成纤维造纸等途径外,对于废纸的回用问题,亦越来越为造纸界所重视。     

中国化学机械法制浆的生产现状、存在问题及发展趋势

化学机械法制浆具有原料适应性广、纸浆得率高、流程紧凑、设备投资省等优点,在中国得到了迅速发展。本文回顾了改革开放以来,中国化学机械法制浆生产的发展历程。在总结经验的基础上,指出了生产中存在的问题,对相关问题进行了分析并提出解决的技术建议,为相关装备制造和化学机械法制浆企业生产提供参考。随着国家废纸限制进口政策的实施,造纸工业纤维原料缺口增大,非木纤维原料高得率制浆技术将迎来一个新的发展机遇。     

开发造纸木材原料资源的积极探索

中国造纸学会于2000年7月在福建南平市召开了“加快发展木材制浆造纸研讨会”,出席会议的有关领导部门及企业代表与专家学者共同研讨了一个重要课题,即加快发展木材制浆造纸问题,探讨中国造纸工业纤维原料现代化的道路。近代世界造纸工业发展的历史经验表明：为了加速我国造纸工业的现代化进程,使中国不但是世界纸张的消费大国,而且是纸张生产的大国与强国,必须使造纸纤维原料现代化,即向以木材为主要原料的方向转移。近十几年来,纸、林两业的有识之士不断为此调研、呼吁,不少浆纸企业为扩大木材原料资源,付出了巨大努力并投入了…     

现阶段我国麦草原料制浆造纸生产状况解析

通过总结和分析国内4家麦草制浆造纸生产企业技术经济指标和原料、资源消耗等基础数据,了解我国麦草制浆造纸工业生产现状,结合国家“十二五”制浆造纸工业发展规划以及GB3544—2008标准等现行政策、法规所提出的具体要求,对现阶段我国麦草原料制浆造纸生产所面临的新形势、新问题提出具体分析,为相关企业以及管理部门确立今后麦草制浆造纸技术发展路线提供参考。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press