Adsorption of carbon dioxide by coconut activated carbon modified with Cu/Ce

A series of the coconut activated carbons(CAC) based absorbents modified with Cu and Ce(Cu/CAC,Cu/Ce/CAC) were prepared by impregnation technology for carbon dioxide capture.The adsocrption equilibriums of CO2 on Cu/CAC and Cu/Ce/CAC were measured.The results showed that the adsorption capacity of CO2 onto the activated carbon modified with Cu/Ce increased with the decreasing temperature in the same pressure.The adsorption capacity of CO2 on Cu/CAC was higher than that of the blank CAC,and compared with the Cu/CAC,the adsorption capacity of CO2 of Cu/Ce/CAC with the mass ratio of Cu/Ce=30 was improved at 298 and 303 K.In addition,the adsorption equilibrium data for CO2 at various temperatures was fitted to Langmuir,Freundlich and D-R isotherm models.It was found that the D-R equation was the best model for fitting the adsorption data on Cu/Ce/CAC at different temperatures.     

Physicochemical properties of coconut husk activated carbon modified by Fe(NO3)3 and Mn(NO3)2

Fe-loaded activated carbon (AC) has high surface acidity and more active sites,while manganese-loaded AC has high oxygen content.Coconut husk AC modified by Fe-...     

二氧化碳活化制备烟杆基颗粒活性炭的研究

进行了以烟杆废弃物为原料、木焦油为主的复合黏结剂、二氧化碳为活化剂制备颗粒活性炭的研究。系统地研究了活化温度、活化时间、二氧化碳流量等因素对烟杆基颗粒活性炭活化效果的影响，得到了该试验条件下最佳工艺条件：活化温度为900℃，活化时间为100min，二氧化碳流量为0．5L／min。该工艺条件下制备的颗粒活性炭碘吸附值为901．36mg／g，亚甲基蓝吸附值为80ml/g，活性炭得率为38.53％。同时，测定了该活性炭氮吸附，通过BET计算了活性炭的比表面积，并通过密度函数理论（DFT）表征了活性炭的孔结构。结果表明：制备的活性炭为微孔型，BET比表面积为947.81m^2／g，总孔容为0．48ml／g。     

Effect of Fe/Cu/Ce loading on the coal-based activated carbons for hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide

Fe/Cu/Ce modified coal-based activated carbon(AC) was prepared by the sol-gel method,and the effect of Fe/Cu/Ce on catalytic properties of Fe/AC,Fe-Cu/AC and Fe-Cu-Ce/AC was investigated in the hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide(COS) at 50 °C.Their surface properties were evaluated by means of nitrogen adsorption and were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffracto-metry(XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The catalytic activities results showed that addition of Cu and Ce could enhance the activities of COS hydrolysis and Fe-Cu-Ce/AC with n(Fe):n(Ce)=20 exhibited a higher stability.The XRD and XPS results revealed that Cu loading controlled the crystalline phases and Ce could affect the crystalline phase of Fe2O3 and change the products formation and content of SO42-.     

活性炭纤维负载CuO改性及其性能表征

以Cu(NO_3)_2溶液作为前躯体,采用浸渍–煅烧法对盐酸预处理后的活性炭纤维(activated carbon fiber,ACF)毡进行负载氧化铜化学改性,制备CuO/ACF电极材料。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、比表面积及孔径分析仪以及傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)对ACF及其负载CuO后的形貌与结构、元素组成、比表面积、孔径等进行观察与分析,并利用电化学工作站测试其电化学性能。结果表明:经过负载CuO化学改性的CuO/ACF电极材料,比表面积及孔容较改性前分别下降31.94%和33.95%,表面含氧基团增多,出现明显的Cu—O键,CuO/ACF电极材料中Cu元素的质量分数为13.7%;负载CuO后比电容升高17.95%,电吸附性能提高。CuO/ACF材料可作为电极材料用于去除废水中的无机盐离子。     

Adsorption of gold on activated carbon in bromide solutions

Adsorption of gold on activated carbon from gold bromide solutions was examined as a function of pH, particle size, amount of carbon, initial gold bromide concentration, bromine concentration, temperature, and various cations and anions. The pH did not have any effect on gold adsorption below pH = 6. Above pH = 6, pH had a dramatically negative effect. The adsorption occurred according to a first-order reaction-rate model. The reaction-rate constant was proportional to the inverse of carbon particle radius, the amount of carbon, and independent of the initial gold concentration. Temperature had very little effect on the rate of gold adsorption. Cations (Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Na⁺) and anions (SO ₄ ² , Cl^-, Br^-) did not have any effect on gold adsorption. Free bromine had a very negative effect on gold uptake. Gold bromide is very stable and stays in this form on the carbon surface. Contrary to this, gold chloride is unstable, and elemental gold precipitates on the carbon surface. Loading capacity of carbon depended on the presence of free bromine. In the presence of free bromine, it was further dependent on temperature (increased with increasing temperature). AtT = 25 °C, gold loading was 27 to 64 kg Au/t carbon. In bromine-free solutions, gold loading was 174 to 315 kg Au/t carbon.     

乏风瓦斯分离富集用椰壳基活性炭的制备

以椰壳为原料、酚醛树脂为粘结剂及聚乙二醇（PEG）为造孔剂和分散剂,采用水蒸气活化制备活性炭,以所制备的活性炭为吸附剂,采用真空变压吸附法（VPSA）对乏风瓦斯进行分离富集.分别考察了不同活化条件对活性炭孔结构性能的影响,以及不同VPSA操作条件对乏风瓦斯富集效果的影响.结果表明:以酚醛树脂与粉体炭的质量比为0.5 g/g制备的成型炭作为炭质前驱体进行活化,在活化时间为5 h、通入水量为1.96 cm3/min和活化温度为825 ℃的条件下制备的活性炭,其对应的比表面积、微孔体积及微孔率分别达到795 m2/g、0.37 cm3/g和84.1%;并以该活性炭为吸附剂,在最佳操作条件下,乏风瓦斯（甲烷含量约0.5%）经富集后,产气中CH₄浓度和回收率分别为1.51%和96%.      

Adsorption kinetics of dicyanoaurate and dicyanoargentate ions in activated carbon

A kinetic model describing the adsorption of dicyanoaurate and dicyanoargentate ions in activated carbon has been derived assuming that the dicyanoions adsorbed onto the external surface are in equilibrium with those in solution. This equilibrium may be described by a modified Langmuir-Hinselwood equation as is usual in heterogeneous catalysis systems. Once adsorbed onto the outer surface, the dicyanoions can diffuse toward the inner surface of the particle through the pores of the carbon, or they can be desorbed back to the liquid phase. The two exit stages are fast enough to maintain the outer surface in a pseudostationary state in normal experimental conditions. Finally, the kinetic parameters for the process are determined. The fitting of the model with experimental data is satisfactory and the range of applications is wide. M. SEGARRA and M. FERNáNDEZ, former Graduate Students, and F. ESPIELL     

改性活性炭富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铜精矿中金

利用改性的活性炭吸附溶液中金,然后采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铜精矿中金含量。该方法的线性范围为0～20μg/mL,体系可允许100倍贵金属离子如Pt(Ⅳ),Pd(Ⅱ),Rh(Ⅲ),Ir(Ⅲ)等存在,常见金属离子不干扰测定。用该方法对标准物质进行测定,结果与认定值相符,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)≤3.00%,回收率为88%～98%。     

Trace detection of Ce3+ by adsorption strip voltammetry at a carbon paste electrode modified with ion imprinted polymers

To develop a convenient method for sensitive and selective determination of Ce3+ in aqueous phase with complicated matrices, a carbon paste electrode(CPE) modified with ion imprinted polymers(IIPs) were fabricated. The polymers were prepared by precipitation polymerization using Ce3+ as template, allyl phenoxyacetate(APA) as monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate(EGDMA) as crosslinker and azobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN) as initiator under the molar ratio of Ce3+, APA and EGDMA as 1:4:40, respectively. Ce~(3+) was detected directly by differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry(DPASV) and its oxidation peak appears at about 0.93 V. All parameters affecting the sensor's response are optimized and a calibration curve is plotted at a linear range of 1.0 × 10~(-6)-1.0 x 10~(-5) mol/L and 1.0×10~(-5)-2.0 × 10~(-4)mol/L with the detection limit of 1.5 × 10~(-7) mol/L. All other rare earth ions have no interference with the determination of Ce~(3+) even at a concentration 500 times higher than that of Ce~(3+).This sensor was successfully applied to determination of Ce~(3+) in two catalyst sample solutions with RSD≤3.3%(n = 5)and recoveries in the range of 99.2%-106.5% at our optimal conditions.     

Mechanical properties of the A356 aluminum alloy modified with La/Ce

The research of rare earths for the synthesis of materials with improved mechanical performance is of great interest when they are considered for potential applications in the automotive industry. In this regard, the effect on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the automotive A356 aluminum alloy reinforced with 0.2 (wt.%) Al-6Ce-3La (ACL) was investigated. The ACL was added to the melted A356 alloy in the as-received condition and processed by mechanical milling. In the second route, the effect of the ACL processed by mechanical milling and powder metallurgy techniques was investigated, and compared with the results obtained from the A356 alloy strengthened with ACL in the as-received condition. Microstructural properties were evaluated by means of X-ray diffraction in order to observe the solubility of Ce/La in the Al matrix. In addition, electron microscopy was employed in order to investigate the effect of milling time on the size and morphology of La/Ce phase under milling process. Mechanical properties of the A356 alloy modified with ACL were measured by hardness and tensile test. For comparison unmodified specimens of the A356 were characterized according to the previous procedure. The microstructural and mechanical characterization was carried out in specimens after solution and artificial aging. Observations in scanning electron microscopy indicated a homogeneous dispersion of La/Ce phases by using both routes; however, mechanical results, in the modified A356 alloy with the ACL in the as-received condition, showed an improvement in the mechanical performance of the A356 alloy over that reinforced with the ACL mechanically milled.     

活性炭负载纳米零价铁去除矿山废水中的Cu2+

将纳米零价铁颗粒负载到颗粒活性炭上,能有效地解决纳米零价铁易氧化易团聚的问题,而且还能增大其比表面积和稳定性.采用SEM、比表面积与孔径分析和XPS对材料进行表征.纳米零价铁填充于活性炭的孔隙中,其粒径在50~100 nm之间.使用该材料对50 mg/L 的Cu2+溶液进行去除试验研究,在铁含量为10.99%,投加量为15 mg/L,反应pH=5,反应时间为24 h时,对Cu2+的去除率达到85.06%.实验室的初步试验结果表明该材料对水相中的Cu2+具有较好的去除效果.     

活性炭选择性催化还原NOx

采用活性炭作催化剂,NH3为还原剂,进行活性炭脱硝机理的实验研究.分别考察了烟气组分、温度、活性炭的比表面积及不同材质对NOx去除率的影响.结果表明:活性炭作为单纯的吸附剂,其NO吸附容量较小,O2的加入使吸附容量增大,NH3与O2同时存在则可达到最佳去除效果,H2O的存在不利于活性炭的催化作用;温度在200℃时,活性炭催化活性达到低谷;煤质活性炭催化效果优于木质;在一定范围内,比表面积的增大有利于催化活性的提高.利用SEM对所用不同样品进行扫描,进一步分析活性炭表面结构对吸附催化效果的影响.     

Heat and mass transfer limitations in gasification of carbon by carbon dioxide

Rates of gasification of carbon by carbon dioxide were measured in the laboratory using a thermogravimetry apparatus. The experiments were conducted at various temperatures and sample bed depths using powders of graphite and coconut char as sources of carbon, under flowing gas of CO₂. Various CO–CO₂ mixtures were also employed for the study of coconut char. The measured rate data were subjected to a heat and mass transfer analysis to find out the values of isothermal and non-isothermal effectiveness factors. These values were utilized to predict the intrinsic chemical reactivities of graphite and coconut char samples, free from heat and mass-transfer limitations. Extrapolation of experimental data to hypothetical zero bed depth showed good agreements with the above at various temperatures, thus providing valuable cross-checks. The activation energies were found to be 260 and 250 kJ/mol for graphite and coconut char, respectively, under CO₂. Carbon monoxide was found to decrease the rate of gasification but not as drastically as some literature reports predict.     

Glucose and carbon dioxide metabolism by Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens

Growth rates and culture conditions affect the molar yields of catabolic end products and cells of Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens growing on glucose. When growth in chemostats occurred, a trend toward decreased succinate and acetate formation, increased lactate formation, and a higher yield of cells correlated with an increase in the growth rate. End product and cellular yields on defined medium indicate a high maintenance requirement for S. dextrinosolvens and are consistent with energy conservation steps during the formation of acetate and succinate. Simultaneous carbon dioxide consumption and production were determined from batch studies with NaH14CO3, and the amounts were used to calculate a fermentation balance. These data also indicated that CO2 consumption lags behind CO2 production early in the growth phase, becoming equivalent to it toward stationary phase. Significantly more CO2 was fixed by S. dextrinosolvens when the organism was cultured in chemostats sparged with CO2. Formate is in part derived from free CO2 in the medium, as shown by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies, and may be sensitive to CO2 availability. Nuclear magnetic resonance data are consistent with the carboxylation of a C3 intermediate of the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway of glycolysis to a C4 compound to eventually form succinate.     

The modified bitegard: a method for administering supplemental oxygen and measuring carbon dioxide

HUGE is a database for human large proteins newly identified by Kazusa cDNA project, which aims to predict protein primary structures from sequences of human large cDNAs (>4 kb). In particular, cDNA clones capable of coding for large proteins (>50 kDa) are current targets of the project. More than 700 sequences of human cDNAs (average size, 5.1 kb) have been determined to date and deposited in the public databases. Notable information implied from the cDNAs and the predicted protein sequences can be obtained through HUGE via the World Wide Web at URL http://www.kazusa.or.jp/huge     

层层自组装纳米金/硫堇修饰玻碳电极测定亚硝酸根

研究了纳米金/硫堇多层膜修饰玻碳电极的制备以及亚硝酸根在该电极上的电化学行为。在稀硝酸溶液中,通过恒电位法将玻碳电极活化,使其表面产生-COH等含氧基,然后将其浸泡在硫堇溶液中,硫堇中的-NH2与玻碳电极表面的-COH基团发生席夫碱反应,将硫堇固定在电极上。最后将电极浸泡在纳米金溶液中,通过纳米金与硫堇的相互作用将纳米金修饰到电极表面,从而制得纳米金/硫堇多层膜修饰玻碳电极。实验结果表明,该修饰电极能显著促进亚硝酸根在电极表面的电化学过程,电化学响应信号与亚硝酸根的浓度在20×10-6~50×10-5 mol/L和50×10-5~20×10-3 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为5×10-8 mol/L (S/N=3)。方法用于水样中亚硝酸根的测定,相对标准偏差为22%~32%,回收率在98%~104%范围。     

An evaluation of the Beckman chloride/carbon dioxide analyzer

We compared the Beckman Cl/CO2 Analyzer to the American Instrument Company chloride titrator for measurement of chloride in serum, sweat, and spinal fluid. We also compared it to the Natelson gasometer and a modified continuous-flow (AutoAnalyzer) technique for measurement of carbon dioxide in serum. Effects of bilirubin and hemoglobin on results for both the CO2, and Cl were negligible. The linearity, stability, and precision of the equipment was studied. We believe the Beckman Cl/CO2 Analyzer to be ideal for simultaneous measurement of chloride and carbon dioxide in a pediatric or emergency-determination setting.