Photocatalytic degradation of pesticide residues with RE³⁺-doped nano-TiO₂

The photocatalytic degradation effects of carbofuran solution under concentration of 0.2,0.4,0.8 g/L Re3+-doped nano-TiO2 were studied.The highest degradation rate of 54.89% was obtained after 4 h degradation when the concentration of nano-TiO2 was 0.4 g/L.Then field trials of photocatalytic degradation with suspension nano-TiO2 were conducted.The photocatalytic degradation effect of organic phosphorus and carbamate pesticides in tomato leaves and soil with different concentratio catalyst(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8 g/L) were studied.The results showed that nano-TiO2 could significantly increase photocatalytic degradation rate of pesticide residues in tomato leaves and soil.Pesticide residues degradation rate could be increased by 20%-30% on the tomato leaves and 15%-20% in soil,and the best concentration of photocatalytic degradation was 0.2-0.4 g/L.     

Collagen proteins in electrorefining: Rate constants for glue hydrolysis and effects of molar mass on glue activity

Animal glue (collagen proteins) degradation was studied in water and in a simulated copper electrolyte (150 g/L H₂SO₄, 46 g/L Cu²⁺ as CuSO₄) by size-exclusion chromatography. The rate of degradation was relatively slow in pure aqueous solutions, and depending on the temperature and glue concentration, some association to larger molar mass species was observed. For simulated electrolyte in a temperature range of 42 °C to 70 °C and a glue concentration range of 100 to 3000 mg/L, the degradation rate constant was described with the following relation:k′ = 1.5· 10⁷exp (-9951/T), min^-1 The degradation rate was zero order with respect to initial concentration of the protein and first order with respect to acid concentration. The results show that glue degradation under normal tankhouse operation should be rapid, with degradation to number-average molar mass (M _n ) < 10,000 units occurring in about 40 to 80 minutes depending on the mass transfer rate (or mixing) of the electrolyte solution. Samples of glue from three different sources showed almost no difference in degradation rates. Results calculated from the rate equation for glue degradation have been correlated with cathode polarization data from the literature, and the results suggest that critical glueM _n below which the glue loses most of its activity is 3700. Formerly Postdoctoral Fellow with the Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan     

Pd–La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ composite as active and stable oxygen electrode for reversible solid oxide cells

To promote the electrocatalytic activity and stability of traditional La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.2Fe_0.8O_3–δ (LSCF) oxygen electrodes in reversible solid oxide cells (RSOCs), conventional physical mixed method was used to prepare the Pd-LSCF composite oxygen electrode. The cell with Pd-LSCF|GDC|YSZ|Ni-YSZ configuration shows perfect electrochemical performance in both solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) mode and solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) mode. In the SOFC mode, the cell achieves a power density of 1.73 W/cm² at 800 °C, higher than that of the LSCF oxygen electrode with 1.38 W/cm². In the SOEC mode, the current density at 1.5 V is 1.67 A/cm² at 800 °C under 50 vol% steam concentration. Moreover, the reversibility and stability of the RSOCs were tested during 192 h long-term reversible operation. The degradation rate of the cell is only 2.2%/100 h and 2.5%/100 h in the SOEC and the SOFC modes, respectively. These results confirm that compositing Pd with the LSCF oxygen electrode can considerably boost the electrochemical performance of LSCF electrode in RSOCs field.     

Effect of titanium dioxide and gadolinium dopants on photocatalytic behavior for acriflavine dye

Herein,we report the experimental methodology to optimize the operational parameters of the photocatalytic degradation of acriflavine dye using TiO_2 and Gd~(3+) as dopant.A series of Gd~(3+) doped TiO_2 nanoparticles were synthesized via hydrothermal route and characterized using various techniques like FT-IR,UV,XRD,FESEM and EDS.It is observed that synthesized particles are in the range of 25-30 nm with spherical shape in nature.TiO_2 has rutile phase and the average particle size was estimated from Scherrer's equation.Energy bandgap was estimated using Tauc's plot.The photodegradation was carried out under UV light in pseudofirst order condition.To understand the kinetics,four experimental parameters were chosen as independent variables like percentage of dopant,initial concentration of dye,dosage of catalyst and pH of reaction medium.The degradation efficiency of 92% was observed for 0.5%Gd doped TiO_2 at catalyst dosage of 0.3 g/dm~3,pH 10 and dye concentration of 3×10~(-6) mol/dm~3.It is observed that,the photocatalytic activity of TiO_2 can be increased by using gadolinium as dopant only in optimum concentration.Further,this photocatalyst can be employed to degrade other o rganic pollutants.     

矿浆电解盐酸+氯化钠体系SbCl3溶解性能研究

研究了矿浆电解“盐酸+氯化钠”体系中锑的溶解性能。结果表明，在NaCl大于100 g/L、HCl大于0.4 mol/L的范围内，可确定适合锑金精矿矿浆电解的“盐酸+氯化钠”体系耦合配制制度。优选配制制度为：NaCl 150 g/L、HCl 0.6~0.8 mol/L。在NaCl 150 g/L、HCl 0.2~1.0 mol/L时，饱和锑浓度CSb与HCl浓度CHCl关系可用 CSb=111.22632CHCl2.27198表示。     

One-step solution combustion synthesis of micro-nano-scale porous Cu/CeO2 with enhanced photocatalytic properties

The Cu/CeO₂ nanoporous composite material was prepared via a one-step and energy-saving method of solution combustion synthesis(SCS).The phase composition,surface morphology and optical characteristics of Cu/CeO₂ were studied.The results show that the SCS products are composed of cubic fluorite CeO₂ and Cu.Due to the generation and escape of gas during the synthetic reaction,the SCS CeO₂ shows porous structure,in which the mesopores(diameter 10-17 nm) ...     

Influence of inorganic anions and organic additives on photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange with supported polyoxometalates as photocatalyst

A novel supported polyoxometalate(POM),phosphotungstic acid immobilized into yttrium-doped TiO2(HPW-Y-TiO2) nano photocatalyst was prepared via sol-gel and impregnation method.The samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and N2 absorption-desorption analysis.The results showed that the supported POM exhibited Keggin structure and anatase phase with large BET surface area.The influences of inorganic anions and organic additives on the photocatalytic degradation of azo dye methyl orange with HPW-Y-TiO2 as photocatalyst under UV light(λ≥365 nm) were investigated.Results showed that inorganic anions Cl-,SO42-,CO32-and NO3-had inhibition effect on the degradation of methyl orange.A great enhancement of degradation rate was obtained while H2O2 and ethyl alcohol were applied.The degradation rates improved with the increase of H2O2 concentration.The optimum additive amount of ethyl alcohol was 0.5 mol/L.The possible mechanisms of the effects of additives on methyl orange degradation were discussed.     

Completely removing vanadium from ammonium molybdate solution using chelating ion exchange resins

Some chelating resins were used to remove a small amount of V (0.35 g/L V₂O₅) from ammonium molybdate solution with Mo concentration around 90 g/L. The results showed that vanadium can be easily extracted over molybdenum from ammonium molybdate solution by DDAS, CUW or CW-2 resins. More than 99.5% V and less than 0.27% Mo was extracted with a contact time of 60 min at pH = 7.4 and ambient temperature. The effluent was pure ammonium molybdate solution with a Mo/V gram ratio of more than 50,000 from an initial 255. Stripping of loaded resin was excellent using 5% ammonia solution, with a maximum V concentration of 20 g/L in comparison to 0.8 g/L Mo in the eluate. The mechanism for adsorption of V from ammonium molybdate solution by chelating resins was also proposed.     

Preparation and photocatalytic activity of Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO:La

In this study, Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@ZnO:La microspheres were successfully prepared. The microspheres have the advantages of both ZnO doped with La and the Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ structure such that the former improves the photocatalytic activity of ZnO and the latter can be reused. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), a field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), a field emission transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to characterize Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@ZnO:La microspheres. Methyl orange was used as the model molecule to study the effect of the Zn²⁺ concentration and the doping amount of La on the photocatalytic activity of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@ZnO:La microspheres. Results show that in the synthesis of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@ZnO:La microspheres, photocatalytic activity of the microspheres is enhanced first and weakened later with the increase of Zn²⁺ concentration. In the La doping process, the photocatalytic activity of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@ZnO:La microspheres is enhanced with the increase in the La doping amount. The magnetic photocatalysts not only have high photocatalytic activity, but also can be reused. After being reused five times, the photocatalyst's degradation rate of methyl orange is still as high as 81%, which shows that magnetic photocatalysts have prospective wider applications in photocatalytic degradation of dye wastewater.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钨基硬质合金中钴镍铁铌钽钒铬

以硝酸和磷酸(V （HNO₃）∶V（H₃PO₄）=5∶1)作为消解试剂,采取高压密闭微波加热方法对钨钴或钨镍类钨基硬质合金样品进行消解,消解液用水定容后直接以电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定0.005%～10% Co、Ni和0.005%～1% Fe、Nb、Ta、V、Cr、Mo的含量。考察了消解试剂中的硝酸和磷酸量对试样消解的影响以及微波控制参数等最佳消解条件,建立了微波消解－无机试剂络合基体钨的样品消解方法,从而避免了因钨酸沉淀析出而导致部分待测元素损失和使用有机络合剂对光谱测定的干扰影响。实验结果表明：采用以5 min升温至130 ℃并保持5 min,再以5 min升温至190 ℃并保持15 min的消解程序,样品的消解效果较好。试验通过优选元素分析谱线,基体匹配和同步背景校正法消除了高钨基体的影响和光谱干扰,确保了方法的可靠性。背景等效浓度值从5 μg/L (Nb)至18 μg/L(Fe),元素检出限从4 μg/L (Nb)至13 μg/L (Fe)。方法用于钨基硬质合金样品中上述合金或杂质元素的测定,RSD<3%,加标回收率在97%～104%之间,测定结果与国家标准方法检测结果对照一致。     

Extraction technology of purification of sulfate nickel solutions of impurities with the use of dialkylphosphine acid

The data of laboratory investigations of the removal of impurities (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg, Ca) from sulfate nickel solutions are presented. It is shown that Cyanex 272 [di(2,4,4-dimethylpenthyl)phosphinic acid] is the most efficient extractant. For two extraction steps by a nickel form of Cyanex 272 from a solution (after iron purification) that contained: Ni 120–130, Cu 0.8–1.0, Zn 3.0–4.0, Mg 1.5–2.0, Ca 0.4–0.8, and Fe 0.01–0.02 g/l, raffinates of the following composition are obtained: Ni 120–130, Cu, Zn, and Fe ≤ 2 × 10^?3 each, Mg ≤ 0.1, and Ca 0.2–0.3 g/l. Purification of raffinates of organic impurities (extractant, diluent) after extraction is performed on the DAK-activated charcoal. Reextraction of metals and, correspondingly, extractant regeneration, is easily performed by solutions of mineral acids (H₂SO₄ and HNO₃). Extraction of nickel from the solution at the extraction step is ≥99.8%.     

Microstructure and electrochemical properties of LaNi4–xFeMnx (x=0–0.8) hydrogen storage alloys

In order to reduce the cost of LaNi5 based hydrogen storage alloys, effect of substitution of Mn for Ni on structural and electro-chemical properties of LaNi4-xFeMnx(x=0-0.8) hydrogen storage alloys was studied systematically. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that LaNi5 and La2Ni7 phases were invariably present in all alloy samples, and when x≥0.4, (Fe,Ni) phase was observed. Electrochemical studies revealed that the discharge capacity reached a maximum value of 306.4 mAh/g when x=0.2 and the cycling stability decreased with the increase of x.With the increase of Mn content, hydrogen diffusion coefficient decreased, whereas high rate discharge-ability (HRD) and exchange current density first increased slowly when x≤0.2 and then decreased markedly when x=0.8,indicating that electrochemical reaction on the surface of alloy electrodes had strong influence on kinetic property.     

利用热喷涂技术制备二氧化钛光催化涂层研究现状与展望

纳米二氧化钛(TiO_2)因稳定、廉价、无毒等优势,成为研究与应用最广泛的光催化剂。为了解决颗粒状催化剂难以回收、易于造成二次污染等缺点,制备TiO_2涂层是较为理想的选择。热喷涂技术具有成本低、效率高、容易实现大面积制备等优势,在Ti O2涂层制备研究中得到广泛关注。基于此,本文综述了等离子喷涂、火焰喷涂、超音速火焰喷涂、冷喷涂技术在制备纳米TiO_2涂层方面的研究现状,并分析了影响TiO_2涂层光催化性能的关键制备因素,讨论了多种热喷涂技术在涂层微观结构控制与性能调控方面的研究现状,并对未来发展做了展望。     

High photocatalytic activity over starfish-like La-doped ZnO/SiO_2 photocatalyst for malachite green degradation under visible light

In this work,the unique starlike La-doped ZnO-SiO2 photocatalysts were constructed by an evaporation and calcination method and characterized in detail.UV-vis reflectance and DFT calculation confirm that the doping with La allows to obtain a decrease of band gap of ZnO/SiO_2,which enhances visible light absorbance and oxidizing ability.The photoluminescence intensity reduces greatly,indicating more effective separation of the photo generated carriers of La-doped ZnO-SiO2.Photocatalytic activities of Ladoped ZnO-SiO2 with different doping ratios under simulated visible light irradiation were evaluated with malachite green(MG) as a model pollutant.Under optimized conditions including solution pH of 8,15 mg/L of MG solution and 15 mg of catalyst dosage,0.2% La-ZnO-SiO2 exhibits the best catalytic activity in photodegradations of MG in water.The removal and mineralization efficiency of MG can reach 96.1%and 70.9% in 140 min,respectively.The as-prepared catalysts present superior stability and recyclability after four times reuse.Moreover,selective quenching experiments indicate that hydroxyl radical(·OH),hole(h~+) and superoxide radical(·O_2~-) are the main reactive species responsible for MG degradation.Possible mechanism for photocatalytic elimination of MG over La-doped ZnO/SiO_2 photocatalyst is finally proposed.     

Effects of europium concentration on luminescent and scintillation performance of Cs0.2Rb0.8Ca1-xEuxBr3(0≤x≤0.08)crystals

A series of Cs_0.2Rb_0.8Ca_1-xEu_xBr₃(0≤x≤0.08)crystals doped with different concentrations of Eu²⁺were grown using the Bridgman-Stockbarger method.The work describes the influence of Eu²⁺concentration on the luminescent and kinetic properties of Cs_0.2Rb_0.8Ca_1-xEu_xBr₃ crystals,as well as on their scintillation performance.The maximum in the radioluminescence spectra of these crystals shifts from 439 to446 nm with increasing europium concentration.The scintillation decay times of Cs_0.2Rb_0.8Ca_1-xEu_xBr₃ lengthen with the Eu²⁺content.The best light output of 33600photons/MeV is obtained for Cs_0.2Rb_0.8Ca_0.93Eu_0.07Br₃,and the best energy resolution of 6.9%is found for Cs_0.2Rb_0.8Ca_0.94Eu_0.06Br₃.     

Preparation and characterization of La0.8Sr0.04Ca0.16Co0.6Fe0.4O3-δ-La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3 composite cathode thin film for SOFC by slurry spin coating

The La0.8Sr0.04Ca0.16Co0.6Fe0.4O3-δ(LSCCoF)and La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3(LSGM)powders were synthesized by glycine-nitrate combustion process and conventional solid-state reaction method,respectively.The LSCCoF-LSGM composite cathode material was successfully elaborated and deposited on dense pellets of the LSGM electrolyte by means of slurry spin-crating process.The cathode films with the best surface morphology and microstructure were obtained when the operating parameters fixed as follows:the content of ethyl cellulose which acted as pore former and binder is 10 wt.%,the content of terpineol which acted as modifier is 5 wt.%,the speed of rotation rate is3200 r/min and the best post-deposition sintering temperature is 1000 ℃.     

Photocatalytic activity of Lu3+/TiO2 prepared by ball milling method

Ball milling method was applied to prepare Lu~(3+)/TiO_2 photocatalysts. The catalysts were characterized with X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra(UV-vis DRS), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer(EDS), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) method. The photocatalytic activities were determined by the degradation of methylene blue(MB) equipped with a 300 W medium pressure mercury lamp. Results show that the first order reaction rate constants of Lu~(3+)/TiO_2 and pure TiO_2 are0.0565 and 0.0263 min-1, respectively, which both were evaluated under the condition of catalysts loading of 0.2 g/L,initial concentration of 25 mg/L for MB, mole ratio of Lu~(3+)/TiO_2 of 1.5% and milling time of 4 h. The average crystal sizes of 1.5 mol% Lu~(3+)/TiO_2 and pure TiO_2 are 18.7 and 19.3 nm, respectively.     

水杨基荧光酮荧光猝灭法测定钼原矿中钼

钼的加入会使水杨基荧光酮(SAF)的荧光发生猝灭, 且猝灭的程度与钼的浓度呈线性关系, 据此建立了钼原矿中低含量钼的测定方法。实验选用4.0 mL 1.0% OP和1.0%吐温-80体积比为0.8∶0.2的混合溶液进行增敏, 加入2.0 mL 1.0×10^-3 mol/L SAF溶液, 2.0 mL 0.1 mol/L HCl, 在常温下反应30 min后于λ_ex/λ_em =460/520 nm处测定荧光发射强度, 结果表明, 钼浓度在 0.013~0.20 μg/mL范围之内与ΔF呈线性关系, 线性方程为ΔF=2 865.0ρ－10.667, 相关系数(R²)为0.998 8, 方法检出限为0.013 μg/mL。方法应用于测定钼原矿企业管理样中低含量的钼, 结果与参考值一致, 相对标准偏差为1.1%～1.8%, 回收率为93%～113%。     

Synthesis,characteristics, and antibacterial activity of a rare-earth samarium/silver/titanium dioxide inorganic nanomaterials

An inorganic nanomaterials combination of Sm, Ag, and TiO2 was synthesized using supercritical fluid drying （SCFD） combined with solgel techniques. The structure, photocatalysis and bacteriostatic activity of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XRPS）, photocatalytic performance, and antibacterial activity experiments. The XRD results showed that the average particle diameter of Sm/Ag/TiO2 was 14.62 nm and Ag and Sm ions were dispersed on the surface of TiO2 in a highly dispersed, amorphous form. The TEM image showed that the size of the particle was 12 nm using the scherer formula. The XPS result showed that the element Sm was doped and Ag was loaded inorganic nanomaterials successfully. Sm/Ag/TiO2 exhibited optimal photocatalytic properties at 600 oC, the photocatalytic optimal proportion of Sm/Ag/TiO2 was 2：2：100. When the molar ratio was 2：2：100, the bacteriostatic circle diameter was 16 mm for Staphylococcus aureus, the minimum bacteriostatic concentration was 200μg/mL for white beads coccus, and the minimum bactericidal concentration was 2×10^4μg/mL for white beads coccus. The SEM results showed that the antibacterial material attached to the candida albicans cell surface, cells appeared fold deformation. Therefore the inorganic nanomaterials Sm/Ag/TiO2 had high temperature resistance, good photocatalytic and antibacterial characteristics in visible light.     

Crystallographic and electrochemical characteristics of La0.7Mg0.3Ni5.5? x (Al0.5Mo0.5) x ( x =0 to 0.8) hydrogen storage alloys

The structure, hydrogen storage property, and electrochemical characteristics of the La_0.7Mg_0.3Ni_5.5−x (Al_0.5Mo_0.5) _x (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) hydrogen storage alloys have been investigated systematically. It has been found by X-ray powder diffraction and Rietveld analysis that the alloys are multiphase and consist of impurity Ni phase and two main crystallographic phases, namely, the La(La, Mg)₂Ni₉ phase and the LaNi₅ phase, and the lattice parameters and the cell volumes of both the La(La, Mg)₂Ni₉ phase and the LaNi₅ phase increase with increasing Al and Mo content in the alloys. The P-C isotherm curves indicated that the hydrogen storage capacity of the alloy first increases and then decreases with increasing x, and the equilibrium pressure decreases with increasing x. The electrochemical measurements show that the maximum discharge capacity first increases from 298.5 (x=0) to 328.3 mAh/g (x=0.6) and then decreases to 304.7 mAh/g (x=0.8). The high rate dischargeability (HRD) of the alloy electrodes increases lineally from 65.4 pct (x=0) to 86.6 pct (x=0.8) at the discharge current density of 1200 mA/g. Moreover, the exchange current density of the alloy electrodes also increases monotonously with increasing x by the linear polarization curves. The hydrogen diffusion coefficient in the alloy bulk, D, increases with increasing Al and Mo content and thus enhances the low-temperature dischargeability (LTD) of the alloy electrodes.