Efficient multiple phase shift patterns for dense 3D acquisition in structured light scanning

Although phase shifts (PS) are frequently used to acquire colored surfaces of static objects, especially when acquisition time is not critical, the periodic nature of relative (wrapped) PS maps makes it necessary to deal with the issue of phase unwrapping. Consequently, multiple phase shifts (MPS) have been widely used as an alternative, but this usually involves a large number of different PS maps to unwrap an absolute (unique) phase. In this paper we propose a new MPS method to unwrap a phase and accurately perform the dense 3D acquisition of neutral and colored objects using only two PS maps. Accuracy is reported including a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the results.     

基于二维平行轮廓线的三维表面重建

研究了基于二维平行轮廓线的前列腺三维表现重建问题。采用Roberts边缘检测算子检测前列腺的边缘，提取其轮廓线。分析了BPL1算法在处理相信轮廓线无匹配部分时存在的缺陷。文章采用BPL1算法和相信轮廓线同步前进法相结合的方案被了前列腺表现的三维重建，给出了实验结果。实验表明重建的三维表面清晰、准确。     

双摄象头三维视觉系统

本文介绍了一种较实用的双摄象头三维视觉系统.主要讨论了视场内具有六个自由度物体的定位问题.系统以Frei和Chen方法抽取边缘,并运用了非均匀量化和预加重技术.采用了改进的Moravec兴趣算子法,实现了特征点的自动抽取.基于边缘的序贯分层配准法大大缩短了配准时间.在用三维数据获取物体姿态时.根据刚体运动总结的规则解决了工作特征点和模型点匹配时的组合爆炸问题和多义性问题.     

3D geometry reconstruction from orthographic views: A method based on 3D image processing and data fitting

Industrial esthetic designers typically produce hand-drawn sketches in the form of orthographic projections. A subsequent translation from 2D-drawings to 3D-models is usually necessary. This involves a considerably time consuming process, so that some automation is advisable.     

A structured light vision system for out-of-plane vibration frequencies location of a moving web

In this paper, we address the problem of the detection of out-of-plane web vibrations by means of a single camera and a laser dots pattern device. We have been motivated by the important economical impact of web vibrations phenomena which occur in winding/unwinding systems. Among many sources of disturbances, out-of-plane vibrations of an elastic moving web are well-known to be one of the most limiting factors for the velocity in the web transport industry.The new technique we proposed for the contact-less estimation of out-of-plane web vibration properties and during the winding process is the main contribution of this work. As far as we know, this is the first time a technique is proposed to evaluate the vibrations of a moving web with a camera. Vibration frequencies are estimated from distance variations of a web cross-section with respect to the camera.Experiments have been performed on a winding plant for elastic fabric with a web width of 10 cm. Distances from the web surface to the camera have been estimated all along an image sequence and the most significant frequencies have been extracted from the variations of this signal (forced and free vibrations) and compared to those provided with strain gauges and also with a simple elastic string model, in motion.     

Building 3-D Visual Perception of a Mobile Robot Employing Extended Kalman Filter

The paper aims at designing a novel scheme for sensory data fusion by a mobile robot for reconstructing its 3-D world from their multiple gray images. Extended Kalman filter has been employed for determining the coordinates of the 3-D vertices and equation of the planes of the obstacles in the robot's workspace from their multiple images. The geometric relations among these 3-D planes are then determined by using a logic program for recognizing the obstacles. The time required for recognition of a typical planer obstacle such as a box on a Pentium-III client with 64 MB RAM and a Pioneer-2 type robot server including the time involvement for the motion of the robot around the obstacle is approximately 18 seconds.     

基于光线投射法的目标三维重构技术

针对距离选通激光成像系统获得的图像源,为了减小断层图像间的距离远大于断层图像内像素间的距离这一因素对三维可视化的影响,增强三维显示效果,提高运算速度,在研究了光线投射三维重构算法的基础上,提出了距离分辨率远小于成像分辨率的插空帧光线投射法和通过旋转体数据实现从不同的视线角度进行观察的三维重构方法.仿真结果表明:提出的方法可行、有效,提高了目标的探测和识别概率.     

三维适形放疗计划系统中的交互式测量方法

为了在制定三维适形放疗计划时合理地确定射线角度,并根据给定射线方向准确计算射线剂量,需要对三维模型进行精确的交互式测量。结合放疗计划系统的需求和医学图像特点,分析三维交互式测量过程,应用平行投影理论实现二维坐标到三维坐标的转换。提出以一个测量端点为起始点的三维任意叠加旋转算法,在重离子放疗计划系统中实现三维精确测量。实验结果证明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于面结构光的机械工件三维扫描系统设计

针对工业机器人对自动化装配过程生产效率的提高以及工件拾取对三维扫描技术的应用需求,设计了能够准确提取机械工件表面点云的视觉系统。扫描系统主要由计算机、投影仪和工业相机构成。基于光学测量和机器视觉的原理,主要研究设计了扫描系统工业相机和投影仪的标定策略、结构光栅编码解码的检测策略以及点云重构的几何策略。对于机械工件三维扫描重构的多余背景平面点云,研究设计了通过随机选取点云并反复迭代构造背景平面实现分割的有效方法。实验结果表明采用面结构光技术,由投影仪投影不同频率的结构光栅在机械工件上,工业相机同步采集被机械工件调制的结构光栅图像,对图像中的光栅条纹进行提取并计算,并利用三角检测算法提取机械工件表面点云的方案具有高准确性,能够有效重构机械工件表面点云。     

心内膜几何模型的计算机三维重建技术

心内膜标测系统中,三维心内膜几何模型的构建是一个重大进步,在手术中导航导管起着关键的作用。本文介绍了一种利用凸包算法,从心腔内导管电极的位置信息中提取建模数据的方法。并用Matlab仿真,证明该法可以筛除心腔内的数据点,而提取心内膜表面上的点,构建心腔舒张期的三维心内膜模型。     

3-D shape reconstruction in an active stereo vision system using genetic algorithms

The recovery of 3-D shape information (depth) using stereo vision analysis is one of the major areas in computer vision and has given rise to a great deal of literature in the recent past. The widely known stereo vision methods are the passive stereo vision approaches that use two cameras. Obtaining 3-D information involves the identification of the corresponding 2-D points between left and right images. Most existing methods tackle this matching task from singular points, i.e. finding points in both image planes with more or less the same neighborhood characteristics. One key problem we have to solve is that we are on the first instance unable to know a priori whether a point in the first image has a correspondence or not due to surface occlusion or simply because it has been projected out of the scope of the second camera. This makes the matching process very difficult and imposes a need of an a posteriori stage to remove false matching.In this paper we are concerned with the active stereo vision systems which offer an alternative to the passive stereo vision systems. In our system, a light projector that illuminates objects to be analyzed by a pyramid-shaped laser beam replaces one of the two cameras. The projections of laser rays on the objects are detected as spots in the image. In this particular case, only one image needs to be treated, and the stereo matching problem boils down to associating the laser rays and their corresponding real spots in the 2-D image. We have expressed this problem as a minimization of a global function that we propose to perform using Genetic Algorithms (GAs). We have implemented two different algorithms: in the first, GAs are performed after a deterministic search. In the second, data is partitioned into clusters and GAs are independently applied in each cluster. In our second contribution in this paper, we have described an efficient system calibration method. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the feasibility of our approach. The proposed method yields high accuracy 3-D reconstruction even for complex objects. We conclude that GAs can effectively be applied to this matching problem.     

基于转台系列照片三维重建算法的研究

如何从真实世界中获取具有真实感的三维场景模型一直是计算机图形学中的一个难点,该文给出了一种从真实世界的照片中重建三维场景模型的算法,算法根据在空间稀疏分布的不同视点处的真实场景照片中物体的轮廓线和颜色的一致性信息来建立三维场景模型的;这种方法是通过对转台上的物体不同位置拍照,来获取系列图片而不是通过机器视觉的两幅图片进行重建;文中方法可用于真实世界复杂形体真实感三维模型的建立,经实验表明该方法是可行的.     

3-D object segmentation using ant colonies

3-D object segmentation is an important and challenging topic in computer vision that could be tackled with artificial life models.A Channeler Ant Model (CAM), based on the natural ant capabilities of dealing with 3-D environments through self-organization and emergent behaviours, is proposed.Ant colonies, defined in terms of moving, pheromone laying, reproduction, death and deviating behaviours rules, is able to segment artificially generated objects of different shape, intensity, background.The model depends on few parameters and provides an elegant solution for the segmentation of 3-D structures in noisy environments with unknown range of image intensities: even when there is a partial overlap between the intensity and noise range, it provides a complete segmentation with negligible contamination (i.e., fraction of segmented voxels that do not belong to the object). The CAM is already in use for the automated detection of nodules in lung Computed Tomographies.     

三维重构中的杂乱点云排序问题研究

针对三维重构中的杂乱点云数据预处理问题,给出了一种快速、有效的排序算法。算法通过先对点云进行平行切割,再对切割后的截线云进行插入排序。由于滤除了大量冗余的信息,从而大大提高了排序的速度。实践结果证明,这种算法高效、稳定、易于实现。     

基于VTK的二维轮廓线的三维可视化重建

可视化工具包(VisualizationToolkit)是一个开放源码、自由获取的软件系统。VTK封装了许多常用的可视化算法,为研究人员提供了极大的便利。本文讨论了二维轮廓线的表面重建算法并利用VTK库在VC 的编译环境下实现了一组轮廓线的三维表面重建。     

可重构增强现实三维实体虚拟组件技术研究与实现

本文探讨了可重构增强现实系统的构成原理,对AR系统中的虚拟对象进行分类处理,以三维实体组件化为例,着重研究了3DS文件格式与读取方法,完成了三维实体组件的封装,并在AR系统中应用此组件,实现了以装载文件的方式在AR中绘制虚拟场景,从而达到可重构的目的。     

利用BP神经网络实现三维物体姿态的测定

本文利用BP(Back-Propagation)人工神经网络对三维物体的姿态测定进行了研究。姿态测定一直缺少通用而实际的方法,人工神经网络由于具有强大的自组织、自适应学习能力,迅速的并行信息处理能力,可望解决这个问题。但现有BP算法存在训练慢和易陷入局部最小两个问题.本文提出的级联形式网络结构,使BP网络的训练速度大为提高,陷入局部最小的可能性大为降低。利用这种级联结构对飞机模型姿态测定,取得了较好的实验结果。     

基于知识的X光焊缝缺陷三维信息提取

介绍了一种焊缝Ｘ线图象缺陷三维信息提取的方法,一般在二维Ｘ线投影图上,会把沿射线方向的走向裂纹等缺陷当成气孔或夹渣,而且会忽略很薄的面积性缺陷（裂纹和未焊透）,还可能把表面凹坑看成内部气孔,但从三 来考察焊缝缺陷,不仅可避免上述问题,而且可为补焊提供深度信息,为焊接工艺分析提供帮助,因而三维缺陷自动检测技术将引起焊缝无损检测工艺革命性变化和带来巨大的经济效益,由于现场条件限制着投影图的数量,为了有     

基于IFS分形插值的序列切片数据三维重构算法

提出了一种三维重构算法，采用分形插值方法对三维物体多个序列切片的特征数据点进行插值重构。传统的三维迭代函数系统(IFS)分形插值算法只适用于矩形剖分，而序列切片的特征数据形成的网格往往是不规则的四边形网格。该文针对这种网格的特点和分形插值的自相似性，设计了该算法。实验结果证明了该算法的实用性和有效性。