柴油引燃甲醇双燃料发动机排放性能试验分析

介绍了柴油引燃甲醇双燃料燃烧对柴油机CH、NOx和碳烟排放的影响。采用柴油引燃甲醇双燃料在一台单缸、直喷、中冷柴油机上进行。随着甲醇质量分数的增加,HC排放迅速增加,NOx排放减少,发动机碳烟排放大幅度降低。     

柴油/CNG双燃料汽车发动机的性能研究

以某柴油/CNG双燃料发动机为对象,研究了它的结构特点和工作原理,并进行了发动机性能试验.结果表明,柴油机在改为柴油/CNG双燃料发动机后功率和扭矩均有所下降,最大值达到了9%左右,但经济性变好了,最多可以节省24%,排放性也明显得到了改善.通过采用一定的措施,可以使柴油/CNG的动力性恢复,从而弥补CNG带来的不足,使得柴油/CNG发动机具有了动力性、经济性、排放性较好的特点.     

柴油甲醇双燃料发动机动力性与经济性试验分析

介绍了柴油引燃甲醇双燃料燃烧对柴油机动力性和经济性的影响。在1台单缸、直喷、中冷柴油机上采用柴油引燃甲醇双燃料进行试验。结果显示甲醇柴油双燃料发动机在中高负荷及中高转速下运转可获得较好的燃油经济性。选择适当的引燃柴油量,双燃料发动机的动力性可以达到甚至超过原柴油的动力性。     

两用燃料(CNG和柴油)汽车应用分析

针对当前汽车排放造成的环境污染，具体阐述了两用燃料（CNG和柴油）汽车的原理，并对两用燃料（CNG和柴油）汽车作出了较详细的应用分析。     

BP神经网络在双燃料发动机排放预测中的应用

运用BP神经网络(Back Propagation Network)的自学习以及非线性逼近能力,对双燃料发动机排气中CO、HC、NO_x和碳烟的浓度进行拟合和预测。搭建神经网络模型,通过采集双燃料发动机排气浓度数据对神经网络模型进行训练和验证。当BP神经网络训练过程中样本和模型计算值的线性相关系数R大于0.9,且用于验证的数据和模型运算值误差在可忽略范围内,则所建的神经网络模型能够有效预测双燃料发动机的排气浓度。训练结果显示,CO、HC、NO_x和碳烟浓度的模型计算值和实测值线性相关系数R都大于0.9,说明神经网络具有较强的拟合能力;验证结果显示,预测值和实测值的相对平均误差都小于10%,能够满足实际需求。结果表明,运用神经网络模型能够有效预测双燃料发动机的排放。     

微喷引燃油量对双燃料发动机燃烧的影响

以ACD320DF发动机为研究对象,将发动机的NOx排放限制在同一水平,进行了引燃油量调整实验,在同等NOx排放的条件下,引燃油量越少,HC排放下降,总体排放水平改善;引燃油量降低,燃烧始点滞后,最大爆压下降,但燃烧持续期缩短,发动机燃烧震动强度下降,噪声减小,缸压曲线更为平滑;50%负荷以下,最佳引燃油量占比约为1.5%～2%,而在100%负荷时引燃油量取最小值,替代率高达99.5%,发动机的热效率达到最高。     

高替代率下CNG/柴油双燃料发动机燃烧特性研究

对高替代率下CNG/柴油双燃料电控发动机燃烧特性进行了研究,基于实测示功图分析气缸压力升高率、燃烧放热率及最大气缸压力循环变动随工况变化的规律。结果表明,高替代率下,转速和负荷是影响双燃料发动机燃烧的重要因素;转速不变时,随着负荷增加,双燃料发动机的压力升高率、最大气缸压力的平均值、最大放热率均增大,燃烧始点提前;负荷不变时,随着转速增加,双燃料发动机的燃烧放热率增大,燃烧始点相对滞后;高天然气替代率下CNG/柴油双燃料电控发动机的燃烧特性循环波动较小,燃烧过程较稳定。     

Combustion and emissions of the diesel engine using bio-diesel fuel

The combustion and heat release of engines using diesel fuel and bio-diesel fuel have been investigated. The results illustrate that the combustion happens in advance and the ignition delay period is shortened. The initial heat release peak declines a little, the corresponding crankshaft angle changes in advance, and the combustion duration is prolonged. The economic performance and emission features of diesel engines using diesel fuel and bio-diesel fuel are compared. The results also show that the specific fuel consumption of bio-diesel increases by about 12% .The emissions, such as CO, HC, and particulate matter decrease remarkably whereas NO_x increases a little.     

Combustion and emissions of the diesel engine using bio-diesel fuel

The combustion and heat release of engines using diesel fuel and bio-diesel fuel have been investigated. The results illustrate that the combustion happens in advance and the ignition delay period is shortened. The initial heat release peak declines a little, the corresponding crankshaft angle changes in advance, and the combustion duration is prolonged. The economic performance and emission features of diesel engines using diesel fuel and bio-diesel fuel are compared. The results also show that the specific fuel consumption of bio-diesel increases by about 12%. The emissions, such as CO, HC, and particulate matter decrease remarkably whereas NO _x increases a little. __________ Translated from Journal of Jiangsu University (Natural Science Edition), 2006, 27(3): 216–219 [译自: 江苏大学学报(自然科学版)]     

Research on effects of key influencing factors upon fuel injection characteristics of the combination electronic unit pump for diesel engines

A numerical model of the combination electronic unit pump (CEUP) fuel injection system was developed in AMESim environment. The effects of five key influencing factors, including cam profile velocity, plunger diameter, length of high pressure fuel pipe, inner diameter of high pressure fuel pipe and nozzle flow rate on injection characteristic parameters, were analyzed by using the developed numerical model. On the basis, a correlation analysis between the influencing factors and injection characteristics was performed by using the design of experiments (DoE) method, and the influences of these factors were quantized accordingly. Relevant results show that both the single influencing factor and the interaction among these factors correlates with the injection characteristics, and the correlation represents a complex law with the cam rotational speed. The effect of plunger diameter on the injection pressure, cycle fuel injection quantity and injection duration is the most obvious, especially at a cam rotational speed of 500 r/min and the correlation coefficient is up to 0.82. The length of high-pressure pipe (HP pipe) has the most obvious influence on the coefficient of fuel feeding at cam rotational speed of 500 r/min and 800 r/min, and the correlation coefficient is negative. Overall, the independent influence of the factors is more significant than the combined influence of various factors. The CEUP fuel injection system is a complicated multi-input multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear system in fact.     

Analysis upon fuel injection quantity variation of common rail system for diesel engines

Fuel injection quantity variation of common rail system has effect on the stability and reliability of diesel engines. For purpose of investigating the influence rule and mechanism of fuel injection quantity variation caused by parameters, taking account of the influence of fuel physical properties on dynamic injection characteristics of the system, a bond graph model of common rail injector has been proposed based on bond graph methodology and the state equations of the system are obtained. Comparisons between calculated fuel injection quantities by the numerical model and experimental measurements at different rail pressures and injection pulse widths indicate that the developed model can reasonably predict the fuel injection quantity characteristic of the system. Fuel injection quantity variation characteristics caused by the parameters of common rail injector have been analyzed in entire operating conditions. The selected parameters are delivery chamber diameter, needle seat semi-angle, needle cone semi-angle, ball valve seat semi-angle, nozzle hole diameter, inlet orifice diameter and outlet orifice diameter. The variation rules of quantitative percentages are obtained by quantitative analysis upon fuel injection quantity variation influential factors. It is concluded that ball valve seat semi-angle, nozzle hole diameter, inlet orifice diameter and outlet orifice diameter have the most significant effect on fuel injection quantity variation, and the followed are delivery chamber diameter and needle seat semi-angle. In addition, needle cone semi-angle also results in the variation of fuel injection quantity, but the effect is insignificant.

     

Influence of injection rate shaping on combustion and emissions for a medium duty diesel engine

This paper describes the effects of injection rate shaping on the combustion, fuel consumption and emission of NO_X and soot of a medium duty diesel engine. The focus is on the influence of four different injection rate shapes; square type 1, square type 2, boot and ramp, with a variation of maximum injection pressure and start of injection (SOI). The experiments were carried out on a 1 liter single cylinder research diesel engine equipped with an amplifier-piston common rail injection system, allowing the adjustment of the injection pressure during the injection event and thus injection rate as desired. Two strategies to maintain the injected fuel mass constant were followed. One where rate shaping is applied at constant injection duration with different peak injection pressure and one strategy where rate shaping is applied at a constant peak injection pressure, but with variable injection duration. Injection rate shaping was found to have a large effect on the premixed and diffusion combustion, a significant influence on NO_x emissions and depending on the followed strategy, moderate or no influence on soot emission. Only small effects on indicated fuel consumption were found.     

小型通用汽油机燃用甲醇/汽油排放研究

在168F通用小型汽油机上,按照EPA制定的排放法规中的6工况方法,测量了燃用汽油与甲醇汽油混合燃料M15、M25的HC、NOx、CO常规排放和甲醛、乙醛非常规排放污染物随负荷的变化规律。结果表明:甲醇作为一种含氧燃料,其低热值及高汽化潜热使得HC、CO排放量会随着甲醇掺入量的增加而降低,NOx排放量则随着甲醇掺入量的增加而增加;甲醛、乙醛的排放量均随甲醇掺入量的增加而降低。汽油机能耗率随着甲醇掺入量的增加而降低。     

The influence of engine oil on diesel exhaust emissions

Increasingly stringent emission legislation, together with the requirements for improved diesel engine performance, such as fuel economy, friction reduction, and extended drain intervals, have led to attention being focused on engine oil quality. The use of low‐friction engine oils can improve engine fuel efficiency and lead to a significant reduction of gaseous emissions. Therefore, engine oil is of importance when considering engine design parameters. This paper describes a study of the contribution of engine oil to diesel exhaust emissions. The investigations have shown that diesel engine particulate emissions as well as hydrocarbons and NO_X emissions depend on the lubricant oil properties, in particular on the sulphur content, volatility, and metal content.     

Characterization of engine oil additive packages on diesel particulate emissions

This study investigated the impact of engine oil formulation on particulate matter (PM) characteristics from a light-duty diesel engine. The test engine was a 1.6 L Euro-5 diesel engine operated from low- to high-speed and high-load conditions. Specially formulated nonadditive containing base oil and genuine oil were evaluated. For diesel PM characterization, physicochemical analytic procedures were conducted on engine oil formulation, oil flushing, PMs sampling, morphology, and particle constituent determination. Size-resolved particle number (PN) concentration at the engine-out position was evaluated by differential mobility spectrometer (DMS). Nucleation mode particles originating from engine oil consumption during the expansion stroke had a higher concentration from genuine oil than those from base oil. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyze the morphology patterns and atomic compositions with engine oil packages. From the SEM analysis, spherical PM of nucleation and accumulation mode particles were agglomerated on a quartz filter. In the XPS spectrum, more engine oil additive fractions of Ca, P, and Zn were found in the PM sample from genuine oil. In conclusion, the variation of physicochemical engine oil properties and additive amounts had strong contributions to engine oil derived PN emissions, morphology, and additive metal compositions in the exhaust gas stream.

     

甲醇裂解气-柴油混合燃料对柴油机排放的影响

为研究甲醇裂解气-柴油混合燃料对柴油机排放的影响,设计了一种集成式尾气裂解甲醇反应器和进气共轨系统,将YC6A220型柴油机改装成燃烧由甲醇裂解而成的氢富气与柴油混合燃料的柴油机。实验研究表明,改装后的柴油机在中、高负荷运行时可以使NOx、HC和碳烟大幅度降低,且随着甲醇裂解气掺烧量的增加,各排放物质的减少量增加。