非高斯噪声情况下多平台机动目标被动跟踪新方法

针对仅有角度测量信息条件下,被动传感器融合目标跟踪问题,提出了扩维UKF滤波算法;并对经典IMM进行改进提出变维IMM算法,利用不同维数模型之间的交互式融合解决对机动目标的跟踪问题;进一步考虑实际情况中往往存在的测量噪声为非高斯情况,引入自适应滤波方法。最终提出变维交互式多模型自适应抗差扩维无迹滤波方法（VDIMM-AAUKF）,成功实现了被动多传感器在高斯和非高斯噪声情况下对机动目标跟踪。仿真实验结果表明该算法跟踪精度高、稳定性好,具有较好的实际应用价值。     

改进的交互式当前统计模型算法

交互式多模型(IMM)算法是一种有效的机动目标跟踪算法,但其性能与模型的选择、个数以及参数有关,而当前统计模型(CSM)是一种模型自适应的方法.因此,利用CSM为IMM提供模型,提出一种改进的交互式当前统计模型算法.仿真结果表明,该算法能有效地提高机动目标跟踪精度.     

强跟踪多模型估计器

本文提出了一种基于最小二乘估计的强跟踪滤波器(STF)单重渐消因子求解方法.从参数自适应与模型自适应有机结合的角度出发,将STF与交互式多模型算法(IMM)相结合,设计了强跟踪交互式多模型估计器(STMME).仿真表明:STMME在跟踪机动目标时,对速度,加速度的跟踪精度明显优于传统的IMM,在自适应估计领域有着较好的应用前景.     

基于非线性滤波的自适应交互式多模型算法

研究了基于非线性条件下的自适应交互多模型算法,并将EKF及UKF引入自适应交互多模型算法(AIMM).交互多模型算法(IMM)是机动目标跟踪中比较有效的方法,然而传统IMM算法中的滤波参数完全是人为先验确定的,并没有利用当前时刻量测中的信息,文中给出基于后验概率的模型转移概率自适应交互多模型算法.最后通过一个仿真实例比较了AIMM中EKF方法与UKF方法及传统IMM方法的优劣,并分析了结论.     

基于高斯-艾肯特滤波的机动目标跟踪算法

针对交互式多模型(IMM)算法切换滤波模型缓慢、跟踪精度低甚至发散的问题,提出了在机动目标跟踪中使用的高斯-艾肯特滤波算法。首先,该算法确定观测模型和滤波模型集,分别构造量测方程组和滤波方程组,形成总体观测矩阵;然后,针对跟踪目标的非合作机动,提出使用卡方检验来检验滤波效果,并通过滤波控制算法实时调整滤波内存长度,使用高斯-艾肯特滤波对机动目标跟踪具有很强的灵活性,实现自适应跟踪;最后,在目标跟踪仿真中与三种改进模型集的卡尔曼滤波IMM算法进行对比验证,对两类算法进行了复杂度分析。仿真结果证明了高斯-艾肯特滤波算法的有效性,在无先验信息条件下拥有更高的跟踪精度。     

基于交互式联邦多模型的多传感器融合算法

针对多传感器机动目标跟踪过程中的航迹滤波发散问题,提出了一种将联邦滤波器与交互式多模型滤波算法（IMM）相结合的交互式联邦多模型融合算法IFMM.在IFMM算法中各传感器均具有相同的滤波模型集合,各传感器在同一模型下所产生的滤波结果先采用联邦滤波算法进行融合,然后采用IMM算法对各模型融合结果进行综合,产生目标状态的全局估计.仿真结果表明,IFMM有效提高了机动目标运动状态估计的精确度和稳定性.     

机动目标无源跟踪IMM-MKF算法

为提高运动多站对机动目标的无源跟踪性能,提出了一种新的基于交互式多模型-边缘化卡尔曼滤波(IMM-MKF)的机动目标跟踪算法。该算法将交互式多模型(IMM)结构和边缘化卡尔曼滤波(MKF)结合,利用MKF算法对每个模型进行滤波,对滤波结果进行交互作用来得到跟踪结果。以只测角机动目标跟踪为例对所提算法进行仿真分析,仿真结果表明,相对于采用扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)、不敏卡尔曼滤波(UKF)及容积卡尔曼滤波(CKF)算法的典型交互式多模型算法,所提算法具有更好的跟踪性能。     

一种三维机动目标跟踪的改进IMM算法

以三维机动目标跟踪为背景,提出一种参数自适应交互式多模型跟踪算法。该算法采用当前量测信息实时地修正马尔可夫转移概率矩阵,有效地降低了人为因素的影响。由于三维CV（匀速运动）和CA（匀加速运动）模型状态变量维数不一致,从而导致使用IMM算法时数据不能直接交互融合。针对这一缺点,对CV模型进行了改进。Matlab仿真表明,使用改进后的CV模型并结合参数自适应IMM算法比使用常规的IMM算法跟踪效果更好,并具有很好的实用性。     

基于改进“当前”统计模型的机动目标IMM跟踪算法

交互式多模型(IMM)算法是一种有效的机动目标跟踪算法,但其性能与模型的选择、个数以及参数有关。文中提出了一种基于改进的“当前”统计模型的交互式多模型算法,改进的“当前”统计模型提高了对机动目标的跟踪能力,而常速模型对匀速目标跟踪性能良好,IMM算法通过两种模型的交互作用可以实现对目标状态的自适应估计;同时,该算法结合了模型概率转移自适应技术,实现了对模型转移矩阵的在线估计,降低了人为因素。最后,通过Monte Carlo仿真进一步验证了该算法的有效性。     

基于波形自适应的认知雷达机动目标跟踪算法

从认知雷达的角度出发,综合考虑跟踪模型和波形选择,提出一种能够适应目标运动状态急剧变化的波形自适应机动目标跟踪算法。首先,将匀速运动模型和当前统计模型作为交互式多模型(IMM)的模型集,并结合贝叶斯理论提出一种时变转移概率的自适应IMM算法。然后,结合量测误差椭圆与目标状态预测误差椭圆正交理论,研究了基于基带脉冲波形模糊函数旋转的波形库实现方法并给出了波形自适应选择跟踪算法的具体步骤。仿真实验表明,所提算法能够适应目标不同加速度机动,雷达系统跟踪性能得到了较大幅度提升。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.