高温合金GH4169的电火花加工工艺性研究

高温合金GH4169是制造航空发动机的重要材料。用电火花加工镍基高温合金GH4169时,峰值电流、脉宽、脉间、间隙电压等电参数是重要控制因素,而表面粗糙度和材料去除率是衡量工艺效果的性能指标。利用单一工艺参数试验考察了各电参数对表面粗糙度和材料去除率的影响。通过对多工艺参数正交试验结果进行极差分析,得出了各电参数对表面粗糙度和材料去除率影响的主次顺序。最后,在正交试验的基础上,利用灰关联分析法,得到了最优的加工参数组合,并进行了试验验证。     

非导电工程陶瓷电火花磨削工艺规律研究

开发了一种新的非导电工程陶瓷电火花磨削工艺,采用该工艺能够将电火花放电的能量用于非导电工程陶瓷工件,对其进行电火花磨削加工.采用该方法对不导电的Al2O3工程陶瓷进行了一系列加工实验,对材料去除率、表面粗糙度的影响因素进行了研究,给出了影响规律及取得较好加工效果所需的几种非电参数的数值范围,并进行了理论分析.实验表明,大的电参数有利于材料去除率的提高.     

采用基于灰度的混合方法优化Al6061/空心微珠复合材料电火花切割工艺参数（英文）

粉煤灰作为铝基复合材料的增强剂已得到越来越多的关注,其可以增强特定的性能,还可以减少制备成本。然而,铝基复合材料的加工性能较差限制了其发展。本研究采用复合铸造方法制备粉煤灰增强Al6061合金。X射线衍射分析表明铝基复合材料中只含有粉煤灰颗粒,不含其他金属间化合物。采用电火花切割评价所制备金属基复合材料的加工性能。采用不同的电火花切割工艺参数组合对材料去除率、电极磨损率、表面粗糙度等性能参数进行评价。采用响应曲面方法的中心复合设计对所需实验的数量进行优化,获得基于灰度的响应曲面方法,并用以预测电火花切割最佳工艺组合。采用基于灰度响应曲面方法预测得到的最佳工艺参数组合时,所得性能参数得到明显提高,电火花切割表面的3D轮廓图表明材料的表面质量和织构都得到提升。     

超声振动复合微细电火花加工微小孔试验研究

微小孔加工时的放电间隙较小,排屑、消电离状态差,放电效率低,直接影响加工效率和电极损耗;超声振动可改善排屑、消电离状态,能提高放电效率。将超声引入微细电火花加工,通过工件的超声振动,进行超声功率、小孔孔径、脉冲频率的微小孔电火花加工工艺试验研究,结果表明:加工不同孔径时,超声功率及电源频率都存在一个最佳值;加工条件合适时,超声复合微细电火花加工优于常规微细电火花加工。     

玻璃微结构电解电火花铣削加工试验研究

为满足石英玻璃等非导电硬脆材料微结构的加工需求,对微细电解电火花铣削加工工艺进行了深入的试验研究,在玻璃工件上进行了一系列微细电解电火花铣削加工工艺试验。首先,基于电解电火花加工的原理搭建了微细电解电火花铣削试验平台;其次,通过对比试验,研究了加工电压、脉冲频率、占空比和进给速度等工艺参数对铣削槽宽的影响,并通过优化工艺参数加工出微槽阵列;最后,成功加工出多个玻璃微结构包括二维微流道和三维微结构,试验结果表明微细电解电火花铣削工艺在加工非导电硬脆材料微结构方面具有很大潜力。     

液中喷气电火花加工试验研究

提出了液中喷气电火花加工方法.使用从管状电极中喷出的高速气流作为电介质,气体周围的水基工作液有助于冷却和排屑.以45钢作工件、紫铜作电极的初步工艺试验结果表明,相对于干式电火花加工,液中喷气电火花加工能获得更高的材料去除率和更好的表面质量,是一种有潜力的新型加工方法,值得进一步深入研究.     

PZT激励同步压缩放电通道微细电火花加工工艺参数对加工结果的影响

提出了压电陶瓷(piezoelectric ceramic transducer,PZT)激励同步压缩放电通道微细电火花加工,目的在于改善微细电火花加工的放电环境。介绍了PZT激励同步压缩放电通道微细电火花加工原理,研究了开路电压、脉冲宽度、脉冲频率和峰值电流对其电极损耗和材料去除率的影响,并与不采用压缩通道方法的微细电火花加工进行了对比。结果表明:同等条件下,采用PZT激励同步压缩放电通道技术,提高了加工过程的稳定性和材料去除率,降低了电极损耗率,有效改善了放电环境。     

钛合金Ti-6Al-4V的电火花加工试验研究

对钛合金Ti-6Al-4V进行了电火花加工试验研究,以加工极性、脉宽、峰值电流为试验因素,探讨其对TC4钛合金的材料去除率、电极相对损耗及工件表面微裂纹的影响规律。结果表明:占空比一定、采用正极性或负极性加工时,增加峰值电流皆可提高其材料去除率,且负极性加工影响更为显著;同时,负极性加工可获得较低的电极相对损耗。无论选用何种加工极性,增大峰值电流与脉宽,都会导致TC4钛合金加工表面出现显著的微裂纹,且负极性加工时的工件表面微裂纹密度大于正极性加工;同时,TC4钛合金加工表面皆有TiC生成,使电火花加工TC4钛合金时的材料去除率降低。     

电火花线切割电参数对Cr12MoV材料去除率与表面粗糙度的影响

Cr12MoV作为通用的模具钢,电火花线切割加工工艺参数是影响其材料去除率与表面粗糙度的主要因素。通过改变电火花线切割的电参数,对加工Cr12MoV的性能指标进行研究。结果表明:随着脉宽时间的增加,材料去除率增加,但同时表面粗糙度也增加;峰值电流对材料去除率和表面粗糙度的影响规律同脉宽时间一样;脉间时间增加时,材料去除率减小,但对表面粗糙度的影响不显著且脉间时间为25μs时其达到最小;间隙电压增加时,表面粗糙度减小,对材料去除率的影响较小。     

基于灰关联分析方法的绝缘陶瓷Al2O3电火花加工参数优化

采用灰关联分析算法,研究了绝缘陶瓷Al2O3电火花加工中脉冲电源电参数对加工性能的影响.研究表明:对绝缘陶瓷Al2O3的综合加工性能显著性影响排序依次为峰值电流、脉宽、伺服电压和占空比,采用峰值电流8 A、脉宽16 μs、占空比0.3和伺服电压45 V的优选加工参数,较常规加工参数相比加工效率提高26％、电极相对损耗降...     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。