大口径红外光电系统辐射定标及误差分析

为了实现对大口径红外光电系统的辐射定标,建立了基于大面源黑体的辐射定标系统以及基于红外单色照明光管的光谱定标系统.利用腔型黑体、连续可变滤光片CVF和平行光管组成红外单色照明光管,对红外系统进行光谱定标,确定系统归一化相对光谱响应函数.利用大面源黑体覆盖红外系统入瞳和视场,对红外系统进行辐射定标,确定系统绝对辐射亮度响...     

红外目标模拟器校准方法探讨

在红外系统工程中,通常用一个黑体平行光管来模拟所探测或跟踪目标的辐射水平。这样一个黑体平行光管又称为红外目标模拟器。它是红外系统工程技术人员经常使用的最重要的一种测试装置。它能提供准确已知的辐照度。并能模拟无限远的光源。主要用途是测量红外探测系统、红外跟踪系统的灵敏度,也可用来调整光学系统和测量光学系统的焦距。黑体平行光管的结构与普通平行光管相类似,主要由光学系统和一个位于焦点上的黑体     

折射式红外平行光管设计

针对导弹红外成像系统调试和测试的需要,设计了一种折射式红外平行光管。平行光管由准直物镜、红外靶、红外靶温度控制系统和镜筒等部分组成。准直物镜采用柯克3片式结构,且为像方远心光路,红外靶由镂空的铜板靶面和靶面后面的黑体组成,红外靶控制系统控制红外靶温差在0.2~8℃可调。对准直物镜的成像质量进行了分析,并给出了红外靶温度控制原理图。     

便携式红外瞄准镜瞄准基线检测系统研究

设计了一种便携式红外瞄准镜瞄准基线检测系统,用于检测红外瞄准镜的光学瞄准基线偏差即零位走动量。系统研制了离轴抛物面反射式平行光管和双控差分黑体,为检测系统提供红外平行光,作为被试品瞄准的无穷远红外目标;设计的平行光管焦距为600 mm,数值孔径1/5;研制的差分黑体温控精度为0.1 ℃,经试验验证,系统可满足0.7 mil的被测系统精度定性要求,使用方便,满足了生产上快速检测的需要。     

宽光谱光电系统多光轴平行性工程化测试方法研究

针对宽光谱光电系统多光轴平行性的工程化测试要求,设计一套光轴平行性测试的系统和方法。该系统采用离轴非球面折叠光路,设计出口径120 mm,焦距720 mm的平行光管,实现了轻量便携。采用模块化设计、多靶标集成技术,实现在同一光学系统里对红外、可见光、激光的光轴平行性测试。采用图像处理和自动控制技术实现多光轴平行性的定量检测,测量误差控制在0.1 mrad以内。经与CI测试系统对比测试,结果表明:光轴平行性测试一致性好,准确度高,具有工程化应用价值。     

平行光管杂散辐射对红外辐射定标影响的分析

利用黑体与平行光管组合是红外辐射定标的重要手段之一。然而,由于平行光管自身存在热辐射,会在系统探测器上形成杂散辐射噪声,如果不进行处理,将产生定标误差,影响定标精度。建立了平行光管杂散辐射理论模型,定量分析不同工作温度、不同表面发射率下镜面的杂散辐射,确定杂散辐射对红外辐射定标的影响。同时提出杂散辐射修正措施,消除平行光管杂散辐射对红外辐射定标的影响,提高红外辐射定标的精度。     

基于ZEMAX的红外光学系统设计与优化

阐述了该光学系统研究的意义,确定了基本设计原则。然后进行了平行光管和望远镜的高斯光学结构模型及设计,建立了具体的数学模型并进行求解。最后根据目标耦合光路结构,利用ZEMAX软件对该光学系统进行了优化设计,对优化结果进行了像质评价,得出了结论。该系统解决了红外光学精确制导系统动态跟踪特性的内场测试的一系列问题,促进了红外黑体跟踪目标地面等效测试的发展,对提升仿真试验技术能力提供了重要的硬件支撑。     

红外瞄具温度应力可靠性检测系统研究

为了检测红外瞄具在高低温恶劣环境下对不同波长的红外目标成像可靠性,利用黑体和平行光管组成的光学系统模拟无穷远红外目标,红外瞄具置于高低温环境下,CCD采集红外瞄具对红外目标所成的像,从而判定高低温下红外瞄具成像质量。所设计的平行光管视场大,各波长对应焦平面处在20 lp/mm空间频率下的MTF均高于0.2。同时为了实现快速准确地在检测系统中提供稳定的-55~70℃的高低温实验条件,采用一种基于自适应模糊PID温度控制技术。采用自适应因子将模糊推理器和PID控制器相结合,通过在线自调整控制参数,进一步提高了PID控制器的性能和系统的控制精度。实验表明该方法提高了常规PID控制的动态响应过程并保持无静态误差,其控制精度可达0.05℃。     

基于WMPS的多光谱光轴平行性检测系统设计

设计了一种新型多光谱多光轴武器装备通用化的光轴平行性检校系统。采用高精度平移平行光管的方法,使平行光管出射的平行光束分别进入武器平台各个光电系统,由平行光管产生无限远白光、微光、红外目标,对待检测多光轴武器系统进行光轴平行性检测。利用WMPS单发射站测角模型,结合摄影测量PNP问题,建立高精度空间坐标定位系统,对平行光管在移动过程中进行精准位置姿态测量,并根据测量结果进行高精度姿态恢复,保证平行光管平移精度。该系统能够适用于多种不同类型光电武器装备,实现自动化检测,并给出了数字化光轴误差量,具有良好的通用性和可扩展性。     

地基目标光学辐射特性测量系统设计

光学特性测量技术在导弹突防领域、光学侦察和作战效果评估等领域中具有非常重要的作用。为了更好地发挥光学特性测量系统红外辐射特性测量的作用,对特性测量系统的高精度标定是非常必要的。根据研制的某型号地基目标光学特性测量系统的要求,论述了3种标定的方法,采用高精度间接扩展源法作为该系统的标定手段。从总体角度详细介绍了跟踪测量系统、黑体系统和大口径离轴平行光管的设计,使得特性测量系统具有口径为1 000 mm的跟踪测量设备、用于标定的工作温度范围在50～300 ℃的腔型黑体以及口径为1 100 mm离轴平行光管。这样地基目标光学辐射特性测量系统不仅具备了高精度的辐射标定能力,同时也具备了高精度的测量能力。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.