直流电弧热喷涂等离子体偏离局域热力学平衡态分析

在大气压力下,利用直流电弧放电产生热喷涂等离子体,采用发射光谱和热焓探针对热等离子体的射流特性进行诊断。文中通过使用氩原子两条特征谱线的辐射强度,采用双谱线相对辐射强度比值法来计算等离子体的电子温度;同时使用焓探针测量等离子体射流的焓值来计算得到气体温度。研究不同氩气流量和电流强度下,热等离子体的气体温度与射流中电子温度的演变情况,并对两者温度差值出现的原因及变化情况进行分析。结果表明,相同条件下发射光谱法测量的电子温度始终高于焓探针测量的等离子体温度,热喷涂等离子体在一定程度上偏离局域热力学平衡态。     

热喷涂技术的过去,现在和将来

首先回顾了热喷涂技术的发展史。然粕分析对比各种热喷涂工艺的特点及其市场分配情况。叙述了热喷技术当前明面临的主要问题和进展，末尾介绍了热喷涂技术在各种工业中的应用情况。     

热喷涂技术的过去、现在和将来

首先回顾了热喷涂技术的发展史。然后分析对比了各种热喷涂工艺的特点及其市场分配情况。叙述了热喷涂技术当前面临的主要问题和进展,末尾介绍了热喷涂技术在各种工业中的应用情况。     

焊接电弧等离子体热学特性测量方法的研究进展

测量焊接电弧等离子体的温度、粒子密度等参数,有助于深入理解和研究焊接电弧等离子体的物理性质,从而为寻找提高焊接质量、改善焊接工艺的新途径提供了基础数据。文中介绍了几种常用的接触法和非接触法的使用原理和工作特点,比如Langmuir探针法、热电偶法、光学干涉法、光谱分析法等,着重介绍了焊接电弧等离子体的光谱理论原理和几种光谱测量方法,主要阐述和分析了计算焊接电弧温度场的三种方法的测量原理和优缺点,如标准温度法、谱线相对强度法(双线法、Boltzmann作图法)和谱线绝对强度法,这三种方法使用的条件和焊接环境各不相同。这些计算方法有助于测量焊接电弧等离子体的温度场分布,有助于在实际研究过程中选择合适的等离子体测量方法和计算手段。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定氟钽酸钾中十四种杂质元素

提出了基体匹配标准曲线 ,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法直接测定氟钽酸钾中十四种杂质元素的分析方法。本方法各元素测定的相对标准偏差小于 10 % ,回收率在 90 %～ 110 %之间 ,测定下限除 Si外分别小于或等于 0 .0 0 0 5 %。     

热喷涂技术的研究进展

从喷涂设备、涂层应用和质量监控方面综述热喷涂技术的发展现状,重点介绍了等离子喷涂、超音速电弧喷涂、超音速火焰喷涂以及冷喷涂技术的最新进展;提出了制备热障、纳米、非晶、超导及隐身功能涂层将成为研究热点;指出利用各种先进的声、光、电、磁无损检测技术,对涂层性能进行在线诊断、评估质量和预测寿命的研究方向;并对热喷涂技术的发展趋势进行了展望.     

光谱诊断辅助水下湿法焊接等离子体成分计算

对水下湿法焊接等离子体成分的计算一直很少,文中通过搭建水下湿法焊接试验平台,对电弧光谱信息进行采集分析,根据诊断的结果及气泡成分的研究,确定了计算中所考虑的粒子. 在此基础上,通过对水下湿法焊接电弧等离子体的平衡方程的分析,基于质量作用定律,选择五种基本粒子,将其它粒子用这五种基本粒子表示,代入守恒方程组,在特定的压力和温度下计算了各个粒子的数密度,这种方法和传统的通过求解Saha方程等守恒方程组得到等离子体粒子数密度不同. 结果表明,不同温度区占据主要成分的粒子不同,对电弧等离子体产生的影响也不同,既可以为进一步研究水下湿法焊接电弧稳定性及焊接质量提供理论依据及基础,也可以和光谱信息结合进行温度计算及主要温度区间的粒子确定.     

降低热喷涂涂层孔隙率的方法

热喷涂的工作原理决定了其涂层孔隙是不可避免的。当涂层用于防腐蚀时,腐蚀介质会通过孔隙到达基体表面,从而造成防护失败。因此,封孔处理是提高涂层防腐蚀性能的重要途径。本文总结了涂层封孔处理的方法,对未来涂层封孔技术进行了展望,并提出一种新的涂层封孔剂——釉。     

热喷涂Al-Si-Fe合金涂层耐磨性的研究

采用热喷涂与热化学反应法在AM50表面制备涂层.采用热震实验测试了涂层的结合性,利用X射线分析了涂层以及基体的物相组成,利用ML-100磨损试验机测试了涂层的耐磨性.结果表明:涂层中含有Al8Si6Mg3、Al32lSi..47、Al9Fe0.84Mn2.16Si、Al3.2Fe等第二相;含有过渡层的涂层与基体结合性比不含过渡层的涂层好;采用普通热喷涂工艺制得的涂层与AM50基体相比,耐磨粒磨损性能提高了2倍,黏着磨损性提高了1.7倍.     

热喷涂技术的发展和应用

主要介绍了热喷涂的基本方法、设备、材料和涂层特性;以及当前的发展动态和应用情况;并简要介绍了应用研究的前景.     

Superior thermal barrier coatings using solution precursor plasma spray

A novel process, solution precursor plasma spray (SPPS), is presented for depositing thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), in which aqueous chemical precursors are injected into a standard direct current plasma spray system. The resulting coatings microstructure has three unique features: (1) ultra fine splats (1 μm), (2) nanometer and micron-sized interconnected porosity, and (3) closely spaced, through-thickness cracks. Coatings over 3 mm thick can be readily deposited using the SPPS process. Coating durability is excellent, with SPPS coatings showing, in furnace cycling tests, 2.5 times the spallation life of air plasma coatings (APS) and 1.5 times the life of electron beam physical vapor deposited (EB-PVD) coatings. The conductivity of SPPS coatings is lower than EB-PVD coatings and higher than the best APS coatings. Manufacturing cost is expected to be similar to APS coatings and much lower than EB-PVD coatings. The SPPS deposition process includes droplet break-up and material arriving at the deposition surface in various physical states ranging from aqueous solution, gel phase, to fully-molten ceramic. The relation between the arrival state of the material and the microstructure is described.     

等离子熔射过程中射流与粒子流的加热效应

采用CCD图像采集系统与图像处理技术提取等离子射流长度;以红外测温仪检测的单位时间内基体温度变化来衡量加热效应,研究不同熔射距离与射流长度条件下射流和粉末粒子流对基体的加热效应特点.结果表明,当熔射距离不大于射流长度时,基体温升主要来至于射流加热效应;随着熔射距离增大,射流对基体的加热效应迅速减弱;当熔射距离大于射流长度时,粒子流加热效应比较明显.提出射流长度可以作为合理选择熔射距离的特征评价指标,并通过不同熔射距离条件下熔射皮膜的截面尺寸以及形貌进行验证.     

大气等离子喷涂锆酸镧热障涂层

利用自制的稀土元素复合掺杂锆酸镧热喷涂粉末,采用大气等离子喷涂技术,在镍基高温合金表面制备La1.6Nd0.4Ce1.0Zr1.0O7(LNCZ)热障涂层,研究了喷涂参数对涂层沉积率、显微结构、结合强度及抗热震性能的影响。结果表明,增大喷涂功率,降低送粉速率可以有效地提高涂层的沉积率,但对涂层结合和抗热震性能不利。减小喷涂距离不仅提高沉积率,还有利于获得孔径细小、孔隙率适中的层状组织结构,该结构对提高涂层的抗热震性能极为有利。采用DH-1080大气等离子喷涂设备制备LNCZ涂层较好的喷涂条件为:功率40 kW,喷涂距离9 cm,送粉速率12 g/min。     

基板温度对电热爆炸喷涂制备粘结层性能的影响

基板温度分别为室温、100和200 ℃时,采用电热爆炸喷涂技术在IC10合金表面制备NiCoCrAlY合金粘结层.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD),对热循环前后的粘结层的组织形貌、化学成分及相进行分析.结果表明,基板温度对电热爆炸喷涂技术所制备NiCoCrAlY合金粘结层有明显的影响,随着基板温度的升高,所制备的粘结层与基体界面结合良好,表面粗糙度减小.在1050 ℃热循环后粘结层表面生成了Al2O3氧化层,起到了保护基体的作用.     

Evaporation of zirconia powders in a thermal radio-frequency plasma

Incomplete evaporation of high-melting solid precursors, such as zirconia (ZrO₂), is a major problem in the application of plasma-flash evaporation processes to powder synthesis and production of high performance coatings. The evaporation of zirconia powders injected into a thermal radio-frequency (RF) plasma is investigated by using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) to study evaporation rates and particle velocities. Model calculations are compared with the results of the process diagnostics. Axial emission profiles confirm the influence of the particle size on the evaporation behavior. Line-integrated side-on emission profiles are used to assess the rate of evaporation.     

Effect of plasma spray operating conditions on plasma jet characteristics and coating properties

Using statistical design of experiments, the arc current, total gas flow rate, percent secondary gas (He), and powder feed rate have been varied to assess the torch behavior and establish its correlation to coating properties. The torch response includes arc voltage drop, torch efficiency, and plasma jet geometry. High-speed images of the luminous plasma jet for each operating condition have been acquired with a LaserStrobeℳ videocamera, and image analysis has been used to quantify the jet length and jet fluctuations as additional torch responses. Porosity and unmelted particles, which are determined using image analysis of a micrograph of a NiAl coating cross section, were selected as principal coating characteristics. These findings are expected to be useful for optimization of new spray processes and for evaluation of new torch designs.     

等离子熔射皮膜破坏温度场诊断

应用红外热像仪获取等离子熔射过程中基体与皮膜发生破坏时的温度场,对比分析皮膜破坏发生区域.然后从通过破坏区域的直线上的温度变化曲线,深入分析该区域的温度波动.实验结果表明:皮膜破坏一般发生在预热后基体温度较高区域和温度较高区域向临近温度偏低区域过渡部位;温度曲线中,皮膜破坏区域对应的温度极大值要高于临近区域平均温度30℃～50℃或者更高.实验结果为等离子熔射过程中皮膜温度监控确定了皮膜破坏预警信息和核心目标监控区域.     

A new approach to online thickness measurement of thermal spray coatings

In the past 10 years, significant progress has been made in the field of advanced sensors for particle and spray plume characterization. However, there are very few commercially available technologies for the online characterization of the as-deposited coatings. In particular, coating thickness is one of the most important parameters to monitor and control. Current methods such as destructive tests or direct mechanical measurements can cause significant production downtime. This article presents a novel approach that enables online, real-time, and noncontact measurement of individual spray pass thickness during deposition. Micron-level resolution was achieved on various coatings and substrate materials. The precision has been shown to be independent of surface roughness or thermal expansion. Results obtained on typical high-velocity oxyfuel and plasma-sprayed coatings are presented. Finally, current fields of application, technical limitations, and future developments are discussed. This article was originally published inBuilding on 100 Years of Success: Proceedings of the 2006 International Thermal Spray Conference (Seattle, WA), May 15–18, 2006, B.R. Marple, M.M. Hyland, Y.-Ch. Lau, R.S. Lima, and J. Voyer, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2006.     

RF plasma-polymerization of acetylene: Correlation between plasma diagnostics and deposit characteristics

Clay-polymer nanocomposites are developed to obtain better mechanical, electrical or permeability properties controlled by the interaction energy between polymer chains and filler dispersed in polymeric blend. The dispersion of clay particles in polymers was achieved by chemical pre-treatment of the individual clay layers. The technique of acetylene plasma deposition is proposed as an alternative route to alter hydrophilic character of the clay. Since the clay is a complex material, plasma-polymer, coated silicon wafer was used as reference and characterized by different surface techniques. Different plasma parameters were chosen to lead to the most hydrophobic coating. Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) was also used to establish the relationship between the plasma chemistry and the properties of the deposit layer.