Software quality practices — an empirical study

Concern about the quality of software is widespread. Reliable data about current practice are hard to get as no one likes to admit that they are producing poor software. In a recent survey, Wilson has taken an approach to obtaining data about the practice of software quality assurance among companies in Australia. The same technique has been used here to investigate practice among companies in Europe and America. The survey ams to investigate quality systems used by the organizations, and the application of these systems by software fevelopers. In this paper they are compared with the Australian experience and the results of the survey shown. The company's demographic data and overall response pattern from this survey are compared with Wilson's. Patterns in software quality assurance programs of organizations are suggested by comparing the management's perspective with that of the developers. The most popular software development techniques identified by the developers are prioritized in the order of their popularity by using a weighting scheme and their implications are discussed.     

流程工业生产执行系统的软件基础设施

结合流程工业环境苛刻,生产过程复杂等特点,针对传统MES存在的环境适应性低、研发和维护成本高和应用效果不理想等问题,提出基于模型驱动架构软件开发方法的软件基础设施,用于构建下一代柔性MES。其总体目标是使MES在满足流程工业普适性需求的同时,也能适应特定的企业环境。基于层次化设计,系统分为CIM、PIM和PSM。在PIM软件基础设施之上,CIM又包括3个领域模型:功能模型分析需求并描述功能,逻辑模型使用自描述的建模方法,定义工厂对象模型、用户接口和工作流程,科学计算模型将工厂对象模型转换为数学模型,最终实现数据协调和生产优化的闭环管理。原型验证及工程实践表明,系统能够实现与传统MES相一致的领域模型,并显著缩短产品交付时间,降低项目成本。本文将领域建模过程和软件开发过程彻底分离,提高了软件抽象层次和复用度。与之前的MDA相比,系统更具运行时动态特征,领域模型能够在编译期后被方便地修改,使UML等设计工具的输出不再仅仅是文档,而成为可执行的产物。     

Software quality assurance in Australia: an update

Three recent events are likely to have a significant impact on the future direction of software quality in Australia: the Kean Report, the redevelopment of Australian standard AS3563 and a review of Government purchasing policy as a result of a change of Commonwealth Government. These events, and their subsequent impacts, could have implications and could provide lessons for the software quality assurance industry internationally. These lessons concern: providing adequate education for purchasers, suppliers and auditors on what ISO9000 is all about; implementing appropriate ISO9000-compliant quality management systems, particularly for small and medium sized enterprises; defining an appropriate role for government; and utilizing effective guidance for adopting ISO9001 to software development.     

The value of a certified quality management system: the perception of internal developers

There is growing interest among internal information technology (IT) departments in implementing a certified quality management system (QMS). This paper examines the forces that have influenced organizations that supply development services to adopt QMS models and explores the relevance of these forces to internal IT developers. The perceptions of internal developers regarding the value of QMS in addressing these forces were studied using a multiple case study involving four organizations. The results suggest that while the reasons given by external developers concern mainly the marketing advantages of adopting a QMS, internal developers envisage the major advantage to be an improvement in the development process.     

Software quality assurance in practice

This paper presents the key findings of a survey of a representative sample of the Australian software industry as to the actual use and application of quality assurance techniques in the development of software. The survey aims to confirm previous survey findings through a management questionnaire and to investigate the software development practices at the screen face through a developer questionnaire. The separate responses are analysed to rate the extent to which quality management practices have penetrated the information systems department. The project commenced in July 1994 and the results of this initial survey support the hypothesis that software quality assurance programmes have not yet penetrated to the systems developers at lower levels of organizations.     

Software quality management in turbulent times – are there alternatives to process oriented software quality management?

Software Quality Journal - There is a widely accepted paradigm of successful software development, called process oriented software quality management (PSQM). The proponents of PSQM claim that it...     

软件构件质量度量

基于软件质量标准ISO／IEC9126：2001《软件工程产品质量》,探讨了软件构件的质量度量问题,首次提出了完整的软件构件质量模型：外部和内部质量模型以及使用质量模型,为度量软件构件质量提供了新的方法。最后以外部易组装性度量为例,给出了软件构件质量度量的量化方法。     

Software quality management: an Australian experience

Since the release ofAustralian Standard 3563 — Software Quality Management System in late 1988 there has been great interest in the application of formal quality management systems to the development of software. Consequently, the standard has been rewritten to conform to the International Standard (ISO) 9001 for the highest level of quality management and to incorporate some lessons learned from the first edition (which was in a slightly different format). This article discusses some experiences of both implementors of the standard and of assessors of the systems. There is also a summary of the clauses of the standard and discussion of some changes made between the two editions of the documents. Published with the 1991 edition is another document that is an implementation guide to help the smaller companies in the industry to implement their quality management systems. Some contents of this guide are also discussed.     

Ranking manufacturing processes from the quality management perspective in the automotive industry

The aim of this study is to propose a fuzzy decision‐making model to rank manufacturing processes from the quality management perspective in the automotive industry. This paper proposes a model for improving quality management through the assessment and ranking of manufacturing subprocesses with respect to key performance indicators (KPIs). The developed model, supported with the fuzzy extended ELECTRE III, allows for the determination of subprocesses' rank. An illustrative example indicates that the proposed model could be very useful in everyday business operations as total quality management asset. The model can handle all uncertain and vague input data by applying the theory of fuzzy sets. The research also suggests different managerial implications because it provides an adequate tool for overall quality improvement. The number of treated KPIs is relatively high, so ELECTRE III method gives an advantage over other multicriteria analysis methods because it embraces less subjective thinking and demands slightly less experts' knowledge during the process of decision making and assessment.     

软件研发中的项目质量管理过程研究

重点介绍了软件研发中的项目质量管理知识体系,涉及软件质量计划编制、软件质量保证、软件质量控制等过程。     

基于模糊推理的软件质量评价模型

通过成立由开发商、用户和评价方组成的专家组,在国际通用的软件质量评价标准和模糊综合评价的基础上,建立的模糊规则,利用模糊推理技术,寻求不同评价空间之间的映射,构建了基于模糊推理的软件质量评价模型。该模型符合人们在处理复杂问题的逻辑思维方式,有利于合理准确地评价软件质量。     

基于控制系统负反馈框图的质量管理模型

提出一种使用闭环系统负反馈框图建立软件过程的控制模型的方法。该模型利用软件过程中关键域的度量值及其在不同开发阶段的权重来形式化地描述软件开发中某一时刻的特征,并且通过它与设定的门限值的比较来指导软件过程,保证软件质量。     

如何利用监理技术管理软件质量

以“工程设计集成应用系统”项目为例 ,介绍了如何利用监理技术管理软件质量。内容包括 :项目质量标准的制定、软件质量控制规划、影响质量的因素分析、质量控制工具的应用、项目实施阶段的质量控制 ,项目的完工验收 ,及协助软件企业搞好 ISO质量认证的工作     

An approach to the software quality management

This article is devoted to an engineering approach to software quality management. The approach is oriented toward the attainment of the software maturity, which is a key software quality characteristic. A model of quality and a conceptual model for making decisions on software quality management are developed. They are based on methods of specification of quality requirements to the maturity of software components, defect prediction, and systematic quantitative reliability control during software development. A graphical defect prediction model (a Bayesian Belief Network) is presented. __________ Translated from Kibernetika i Sistemnyi Analiz, No. 5, pp. 174–185, September–October 2006.     

SubCollaboration: large‐scale group management in collaborative learning

Computer‐supported collaborative learning is a paradigm that uses technology to support collaborative methods of instruction. When combining collaborative learning with the need to exchange documents between students and the teaching staff in a blended learning scenario, version control systems (VCSs) greatly simplify this collaboration. Furthermore, these tools need to be adopted in regular classes as they are used in industrial environments. But deploying a collaborative environment in which version control is used does not scale for large classes. This paper presents SubCollaboration, a platform that uses the VCS Subversion to manage a large number of work spaces in a collaborative learning environment. The tool maintains a reference workspace where teaching staff introduces new material that is then synchronized with the team repositories. Two case studies are presented showing that students easily learn the use of version control and its deployment in large classes is feasible. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

软件质量模型的研究

如何提供高质量的软件已成为计算机软件领域中的重要研究课题。为了理解、度量以及预测软件和信息系统的质量，人们围绕软件质量模型展开了很多研究。一个合适的软件质量模型对软件系统的开发与评价将起到关键作用。本文介绍了软件质量与软件质量度量的基本概念，重点分析了软件质量模型方面的研究成果。     

软件质量与度量

该文首先讨论了软件质量度量模型,然后根据此模型分析了可靠性和可维护性、相应子特性,并描述了子特性的度量。给出了这些度量与质量子特性的关系。最后用一个实例说明使用度量对质量进行评测。     

PDCA循环在软件质量管理中的应用

为了加强软件产品的质量,提高软件质量管理的水平;在软件质量管理活动中应用PDCA（Plan,Do,Check,Action）循环理论,并建立软件质量管理的PDCA循环模型,在此基础上根据软件产品的特点提出了具体的PDCA循环步骤;实际应用效果表明,软件质量管理的PDCA循环模型不仅可以提升软件产品的质量以及软件企业的质量管理水平,还可以降低软件开发成本、提高软件开发效率。     

Software quality programmes: a snapshot of theory versus reality

We analyse the software quality programmes of two major UK companies whose software development departments, we feel, are typical of many hundreds in the UK. The analysis is based on an almost exhaustive survey of relevant practitioners at these companies (123 out of a possible 149 individuals) using questionnaires and interviews. We discovered significant differences between senior managers' perceptions and the reality of what quality practices took place. In particular, use of reviews and inspections, which are widely believed to be an extremely cost-effective QA procedure, was very limited even when safety critical software was being developed. On the other hand there was widespread use of development and coding standards whose value is questionable. We also discovered significant differences between practitioners' and managers' views of what the company quality goals really were. While no generalizable conclusions can be drawn from the results of just two companies, the observations do confirm the informal results arising from the more extensive nationwide survey of which this particular study forms a part.