基于CFX的双辊铸轧304不锈钢流场和温度场数值模拟

建立了包括铸辊在内的三维整体模型,计算了熔池与铸辊的流场和温度场.流场模拟结果表明熔池内形成了大面积的环形流动区,有利于温度及池内钢液的均化.温度场模拟结果表明熔池内漩涡区由于回流作用温度比周围要低30 ～50℃.经试验验证,模拟结果与实际生产情况相吻合,证明了所建模型的有效性.分析了铸轧速度对熔池内流场和温度场的影响,并根据凝固终点的位置给出较合理的铸轧速度为0.5 m/s左右.     

大型光亮退火马弗炉加热段温度场模拟

建立了大型光亮退火马弗炉加热段温度场的三维仿真模型.该模型考虑了马弗炉实际结构、带钢退火速度和升温曲线特点,采用等效热流密度表征马弗管内保护气体和带钢的换热;选择组分传输燃烧模型、离散坐标辐射模型和标准k-ε双方程湍流模型描述马弗炉内燃烧、换热和气体流动;应用SIMPLE计算方法进行求解.典型规格304不锈钢带光亮退火过程实测特征点温度值和模拟结果基本吻合.分析得到了马弗炉内温度场、流场和速度场分布规律.结果表明:马弗管温度比较均匀,喷嘴正对区域温度偏高;燃气气流沿马弗管壁螺旋流动实现均匀加热.喷吹量较小时,喷吹量(入口速度)越大,马弗炉内温度越高;喷吹量继续增大,马弗炉内温度反而开始降低.      

铝板坯充型过程流场与温度场的耦合数值模拟

利用FLOW-3D软件对铝的充型过程进行了数值模拟,采用了耦合模拟的方法对结晶器内的流场和温度场进行了分析.通过比较不同的换热系数和浇铸速度下的结果,得到换热系数和浇铸速度对结晶器内流场和温度场的影响.     

燃烧室喷嘴的优化设计与仿真模拟

通过建立圆管状燃烧室内煤粉燃烧的数学模型,对燃烧室回流区的温度场数值模拟.结果表明,不同的喷嘴对燃烧有着重要影响,钝体喷嘴最适合本燃烧室的要求.数值模拟与实验结果能基本吻合,所建立的数学模型为燃烧室几何结构设计和燃烧过程操作中进行定量分析的有效手段.     

板坯结晶器内三维流场和温度场的有限元分析

针对板坯结晶器,利用有限元软件ANSYS模拟计算结晶器内三维流场和温度场.采用ANSYS中流场和温度场的耦合模块,主要着眼于拉坯速度对流场和温度场的影响,以及影响流场和温度场合理分布的其它重要参数.     

热轧带钢层流冷却过程温度场研究

 建立了热轧带钢层流冷却过程中温度场的三维有限元模型,对3 mm厚带钢轧后冷却过程带钢温度场进行模拟计算,得出卷取温度比现场测量值低9.5 ℃,相对误差为1.42%,验证了模型和假设的合理性。研究了上喷嘴直径对带钢温度的影响,带钢上表面宽度方向上存在2种不同的冷却区域：位于喷嘴正下方层流冷却过程中交替经过冲击区和平流区的区域和位于两喷嘴之间层流冷却过程中只经过平流区的区域,这造成带钢宽度方向上温度分布不均匀。计算结果表明,喷水量保持不变的情况下,存在一个最佳喷嘴直径,使带钢宽度方向上温度分布更均匀。喷水速度保持不变,增加喷嘴的直径有利于带钢宽度上方温度均匀,但增加了喷水量,降低了带钢的卷取温度。     

板坯连铸充型过程流场温度场耦合数值模拟

利用CFD商用软件Flow-3d,对内外复合冷却结晶器内钢水充型过程流场温度场耦合作用下的 流动和凝固状况进行数值模拟,得到了流场温度场的分布图和充填过程中自由表面的位置和形状图。分析了 板坯连铸充型过程中流场温度场对钢水凝固的影响。结果表明内冷却器可改善钢水的流动,有利于钢液中的 夹杂物上浮,加快结晶器内钢液的凝固     

热装高炉高温煤气喷雾降温塔CFD数值分析

高炉炼铁采用原、燃料热装工艺能显著提高铁前工序显热资源利用效率。为保证高温高炉煤气的净化回收系统安全,须在干法布袋除尘设施前设置一座喷雾蒸发降温塔。采用Fluent软件中的离散相模型对喷雾降温塔内的流场进行了数值模拟,分析得到塔内气相流场、温度场分布以及雾滴运动规律等信息,对比分析了不同喷嘴角度和不同喷雾方向对塔内喷雾降温效果的影响。分析结果可为喷雾降温塔的结构设计和喷雾降温过程的优化提供参考。     

板坯连铸结晶器内钢水流场和传热凝固数值模拟

 以鞍山钢铁集团公司中薄板坯连铸机为研究对象,利用商业软件CFX44对结晶器内钢水流场和传热凝固进行了数值模拟,主要研究了三孔浸入式水口的冶金特征及其对结晶器内钢水流场和温度场的影响。结果表明,采用三孔浸入式水口可以优化结晶器内钢水流场和温度场,稳定坯壳发育和成形,防止拉漏。     

热装高炉高温煤气喷雾降温塔CFD数值分析

高炉炼铁采用原燃料热装工艺能显著提高铁前工序显热资源利用效率。为保证高温高炉煤气的净化回收系统安全,须在干法布袋除尘设施前设置1座喷雾蒸发降温塔。采用Fluent软件中的离散相模型对喷雾降温塔内的流场进行了数值模拟,分析得到塔内气相流场、温度场分布以及雾滴运动规律等信息,对比分析了不同喷嘴角度和不同喷雾方向对塔内喷雾降温效果的影响。分析结果表明：采用喷雾蒸发冷却工艺可迅速降低煤气温度,采用雾滴与气体逆流型式且喷嘴角度为30°时,效果最优,雾滴充满塔体整个截面且可完全蒸发。分析结果可为喷雾降温塔的结构设计和喷雾降温过程的优化提供参考。     

冷喷涂工艺中粒子流轨迹的数值模拟

采用计算流体力学（CFD）技术模拟研究了冷气动力喷涂技术中粒子流的流场分布特性。通过计算,分析了不同粒子直径下粒子在气体流场中的轨迹,比较了平面基板和球形基体对粒子流轨迹的影响。模拟结果清楚给出了两种条件下粒子流的流动方向和速度大小,为冷喷涂系统粉末回收与除尘装置的设计提供了理论指导。     

Effects of standoff distance on the supersonic flow fields in cold gas dynamic spraying

In this study,the effects of standoff distance (SoD) on the supersonic flow fields (including gas and particle flow fields) during cold gas dynamic spraying (CGDS) are investigated by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The variation of velocity,temperature,pressure and density with different SoD is elucidated through the analysis of the distribution properties of the flow fields. It is found that the shock waves in front of the substrate remarkably influence the gas and particle flow fields. The wave system of expansion waves and pressure waves come into being continuously. The velocity of gas reaches the supersonic speed at the position of the Mach disc,while it decreases sharply when the gas flow crosses the Mach disc. The optimal SoDs are 40 mm for 1 μm particles and 50 mm for both 5 μm and 22 μm particles.     

Transport and Entrapment of Particles in Steel Continuous Casting

A particle-capture model based on local force balances has been developed, implemented into computational models of turbulent fluid flow and particle transport, and applied to simulate the entrapment of slag inclusions and bubbles during the continuous casting of steel slabs. Turbulent flow of molten steel is computed in the nozzle and mold using transient computational fluid flow models, both with and without the effects of argon gas injection. Next, the transport and capture of many particles are simulated using a Lagrangian approach. Particles touching the dendritic interface may be pushed away, dragged away by the transverse flow, or captured into the solidifying shell according to the results of a local balance of ten different forces. This criterion was validated by reproducing experimental results in two different systems. The implications of this criterion are discussed quantitatively. Finally, the fluid flow/particle transport model results and capture criterion are applied together to predict the entrapment distributions of different sized particles in a typical slab caster. More large particles are safely removed than small ones, but the entrapment rate into the solidifying shell as defects is still very high.     

Numerical simulation of particle tracks in the cold gas dynamic spraying process

In this study,the distribution behavior of the particle flow field in cold gas dynamic spraying(CGDS)was simulated through the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method.Traces of the particles with different diameters in the gas flow field were analyzed,and effects of flat and sphere substrates on the particle tracks were also compared.Simulation results indicate that different escaping directions of particles flow with the two substrates.These investigations gave instructions on how to design the powder recovery and dusting machines in a CGDS system.     

Three-dimensional coupled fluid-structure simulation of pericardial bioprosthetic aortic valve function

A computational, three-dimensional coupled fluid-structure dynamics model was developed for a generic pericardial aortic valve in a rigid aortic root graft with physiologic sinuses. Valve geometry was based on that of the natural valve. Blood flow was modeled as pulsatile, laminar, Newtonian, incompressible flow. The structural model accounted for material and geometric nonlinearities and also simulated leaflet coaptation. A body fitted grid was used to subdivide the flow domain into computational finite volume cells. Shell finite elements were used to discretize the leaflet volume. A finite volume computational fluid dynamics code and finite element structure dynamics code were used to solve the flow and structure equations, respectively. The fluid flow and structural equations were coupled using an implicit "influence coefficient" technique. Physiologic ventricular and aortic pressure waveforms were prescribed as the flow boundary conditions. The aortic flow field, valve structural configuration, and leaflet stresses were computed at 2 msec intervals. Model predictions on aortic flow and transient variation in valve orifice area were in close agreement with corresponding experimental in vitro data. These findings suggest that the computer model has potential for being a powerful design tool for bioprosthetic aortic valves.     

REDA与RH精炼过程钢液流动规律比较

以300 t REDA和RH精炼装置为研究对象,借助计算流体力学软件模拟REDA与RH两种精炼工艺下钢液流动行为,从精炼过程流场形态、循环流量、氩气行程及熔池表面湍动能等方面进行分析,研究结果表明:RH对钢包底部熔池的搅拌作用强于REDA,REDA的单浸渍管结构有利于延长浸渍管寿命及提高钢液循环流量,REDA只需RH提升气体流量的30%便能达到相同的循环流量。     

高压喷嘴的流场仿真分析

基于计算流体力学,通过软件FLUENT对喷嘴的流场进行了三维建模和数值模拟。分析了喷射流场速度和打击力分布与喷嘴水平间距和工作高度之间的关系。研究表明,当射流离开喷口220mm左右的距离时,喷射流场速度和打击力突然变小,为设计合理的除鳞系统提供了重要的理论依据。     

Numerical and Physical Modeling of Steel Flow in a Two-Strand Tundish for Different Casting Conditions

This article presents computational and water model studies of the three-dimensional turbulent fluid flow in a two-strand tundish for steady-state and transient casting conditions. First, it presents the flow field measurements obtained at a 1:3-scale water model of the tundish with the particle-image velocimetry (PIV) method during steady-state casting. The PIV measurements were performed using the Reynolds-similarity criterion. Thereafter, numerical simulation is carried out with the computational fluid dynamic software, FLUENT, using the realizable k-ε turbulence model. The numerical model is validated using the measurement results obtained with the water model. The results of the numerical calculations are in good agreement with the PIV measurements. On this basis, the validated numerical model is adapted to simulate the 1:1-scale steel flow with boundary conditions that are derived from the real casting process. The nonisothermal, unsteady numerical calculations concerning the cooling process of steel melt inside the tundish are done for a 1:1-scale industrial facility—a 69-t two-strand tundish with a 380-t ladle. The influence of transient boundary conditions at the outlet of the tundish (one blocked strand) on the flow structure and mixing process of fluid during the casting process are investigated. The evaluation of the flow structure is performed using a zonal method, which relates the fluid flow with the mixing processes.     

水口结构对连铸结晶器内钢水流动的影响

采用雷诺平均（RANS）数学模拟方法,研究波浪形和山形水口底部结构对结晶器内钢水湍流现象及表面流速的影响。通过1∶1结晶器模型水模拟进行了验证,表明采用OA光纤测速仪对结晶器表面流速测量的结果和数值模拟结果吻合较好。研究表明波浪形水口可以抑制水口流出钢水的射流,改善结晶器内钢水流场,降低表面流速稳定液面,进而改善铸坯表面质量。     

Numerical modelling of iron flow and heat transfer in blast furnace hearth

Abstract

The erosion of hearth refractories is widely recognised as the main limitation for a long campaign blast furnace life. Distributions of liquid iron flow and refractory temperatures have a significant influence on hearth wear. In this investigation, a comprehensive computational fluid dynamics model is described which predicts the fluid flow and heat transfer in the hearth; specifically, the flow and temperature distributions in the liquid iron melt, and temperature distributions in the refractories. The accuracy and representativeness of the model was evaluated using plant data from BHP Steel's Port Kembla no. 5 blast furnace and OneSteel's Whyalla no. 2 blast furnace. Generally, there is good agreement between measured and calculated refractory temperature profiles. A series of sensitivity tests provided cause-effect relationships between operational and fluid flow parameters (floating deadman, different extent of refractory erosion, presence of embrittled layer).