减少IF钢钢包渣向钢水中传氧的研究

分析了因RH钢包渣氧势高而向钢水传氧对钢水纯净度的影响。通过计算确定出合理的RH进站溶解氧位,确保与之平衡的顶渣FeO活度在较低的范围内。另外分析了顶渣成分对顶渣FeO活度系数的影响,确定了合理的炉渣成分:转炉出钢结束后至RH脱碳期间,IF钢钢包顶渣w(SiO_2)=4%～5%,w(MgO)=8%～9%,w(CaO)/w(Al_2O_3)控制在1.8～2.2;RH脱氧结束后,确保RH结束渣w(CaO)/w(Al_2O_3)=1.3～1.5,既可以减少钢渣间传氧,又可以确保顶渣吸附夹杂的能力。     

涟钢钢包耐火材料的全无碳化

涟钢在洁净钢生产用耐火材料研究和应用方面作了大量有益的工作,以钢包耐火材料为例,钢水从转炉出钢到连铸,始终在钢包内与钢包耐火材料接触,钢包耐火材料质量的好坏对洁净钢生产有重要的影响。     

钢包工作衬用耐火材料的研究现状及最新进展

综述了近年来钢包工作衬用耐火材料的研究现状及最新进展, 尤其对传统钢包工作衬用耐火材料的应用背景及存在问题进行了分析和汇总.在此基础上, 进一步提出了适用于超低氧钢(或洁净钢)冶炼用耐火材料的研发方向, 即通过耐火原料组分选择和结构匹配设计, 实现对耐火材料性能的精确控制.新型钢包工作衬用耐火材料需兼顾优异热机械性能的同时, 还应具备钢水净化的功能.      

钢包工作衬用耐火材料的研究现状及最新进展

综述了近年来钢包工作衬用耐火材料的研究现状及最新进展,尤其对传统钢包工作衬用耐火材料的应用背景及存在问题进行了分析和汇总.在此基础上,进一步提出了适用于超低氧钢(或洁净钢)冶炼用耐火材料的研发方向,即通过耐火原料组分选择和结构匹配设计,实现对耐火材料性能的精确控制.新型钢包工作衬用耐火材料需兼顾优异热机械性能的同时,还应具备钢水净化的功能.     

钢包内衬用耐火材料对钢中非金属夹杂物的影响

 炉外精炼是炼钢流程中控制钢中非金属夹杂物的重要转折点,作为整个精炼过程中与钢液实时接触的钢包内衬用耐火材料,因为高温物理化学反应易向钢中引入夹杂物,导致精炼效果达不到预期。通过对典型现役钢包内衬用耐火材料与不同脱氧钢之间的界面反应归纳发现,钢包内衬用耐火材料会对钢中夹杂物的形貌、成分和理化性能产生影响,既可向钢中引入夹杂物,也能够吸附去除夹杂物。提出未来钢包内衬用耐火材料应被赋予更多净化钢液等功能指标的发展方向。     

钢包二次精炼用耐火材料及渣系

本连续系列为钢包耐火材料和渣系的最新资料，讨论了钢包耐火材料，及其与炉渣相互作用的主要特征，并对钢包和氩氧精炼装置造渣的基本原理作了实际指导。     

钢包操作条件对耐火材料使用寿命的影响

分析探讨了钢包温度、精炼时间、渣的碱度、渣的氧化性、渣的黏度、真空处理、超高温、吹气搅拌等操作条件对包衬耐火材料侵蚀的影响,总结了不同精炼设备的使用寿命,对提高钢包的使用寿命和减少钢包耐火材料的消耗具有指导意义。     

钢包耐火材料对帘线钢82A夹杂物的影响和工艺改进

帘线钢82A经80 t LD-LF-CC工艺冶炼,分析发现钢包耐火材料对钢中Al含量有明显的影响。通过采用两种钢包耐火材料(镁碳砖和镁Al碳砖)进行工业生产。试验结果表明,精炼渣系碱度采用0.9,钢包采用镁碳耐火材料生产帘线钢82A,可以将钢中Al含量控制在0.001%以下,夹杂物控制在低熔点区,有利于提高帘线钢82A的质量,断丝率由原1%降至0.42%。     

钢包耐材对钢中夹杂物的影响及优化

承钢120 t钢包耐材主要采用铝镁碳质、镁碳质和刚玉质预制块砌筑而成.分析了耐火材料中各组分与钢水的作用及影响机理,研究了钢包耐火材料对钢水中的球状氧化物夹杂、硫化物夹杂、A12 03夹杂等形成的影响.随着钢包使用次数的增加,钢中的夹杂物尺寸、数目均呈上升趋势,提出了减少钢水中夹杂物的具体措施.     

低硫钢精炼工艺技术研究

为实现低硫钢甚至超低硫钢的生产,达到精炼过程钢包渣成分和性能的最佳控制,在考虑转炉下渣、炉渣氧化性以及钢水氧活度对钢包渣成分和性能影响的基础上,研究了适宜低硫钢生产的最佳精炼渣成分和加入制度、钢包渣改性剂的加入制度以及相应的钢包底吹氩制度等精炼工艺,并对低硫钢的精炼工艺进行了优化,达到了成品w(S)=(6.6～40.0)×10-6的水平。     

钢包耐火材料与钢液反应的研究现状

随着国家工业的快速发展,对高品质钢的需求增大,侵蚀的耐火材料作为钢中外来夹杂物的主要来源受到广泛关注.基于此,阐述了耐火材料与钢液的反应机制、不同耐火材料与钢液的相互作用以及对钢液质量造成的影响.耐火材料会向钢中溶解并与钢中成分发生反应,之后形成界面层,当界面层是高熔点物质时,会阻碍耐火材料的溶解扩散,当界面层是低熔点...     

Interaction between molten steel and different kinds of MgO based tundish linings

Abstract

Interactions between the molten steel and the refractory linings are of fundamental importance for the steelmaking industry. During the casting process, the steel cleanliness can be made worse because of the reoxidation of the molten steel in contact with the atmosphere and/or other sources of oxygen (refractories, top slag, etc.). In the industrial trial periods, four tundish refractory linings (preformed boards, two kinds of gunning materials and dry vibrating material, all MgO based refractories) were used in order to evaluate the interactions between the refractories and the molten steel. Owing to the small dimension of the tundish (5 ton) used in the continuous casting at Villares Metals SA, after casting, the chilled steel was cut in order to show, in a single section, the stopper, submerged entry nozzle, MgO ramming and the working refractory lining. Cross-sections of samples from the steel/refractory interface were investigated by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Four major aspects were observed at the steel/refractory interface: steel infiltration into the tundish refractory lining, mainly in the gunning materials; a steel oxidised layer formed at the steel/refractory lining interface; formation of a spinel layer between steel and tundish working refractory lining; and many particles were found in the steel phase, near to the steel/refractory interface, being a potential source of non-metallic inclusions.     

微孔MgO耐火材料对钢液洁净度的影响

通过浸泡实验研究了3种镁质(致密镁质、微孔MgO质、镁碳质)耐火材料与超低碳钢液(1 560℃)的相互作用,考察了不同浸泡时间(0～35 min)钢中O、N、C和Al、Si、Mn含量及钢中夹杂物的成分、数量、分布等特征的变化,并对耐火材料与钢的界面层进行了观测和分析。结果表明,随着浸泡时间的延长,3组钢中氧含量均先升高再降低,均对钢液有一定的污染,钢中夹杂物的数量增加,夹杂物种类由Al₂O₃-MnO夹杂逐渐转变为Al-Mg-Si-Mn-O复合夹杂。与致密镁质耐火材料相比,微孔MgO质和镁碳质耐火材料与钢的界面处分别能形成连续的镁铝尖晶石层和致密的MgO层,有助于降低耐火材料的侵蚀以及对钢液的污染。此外,与不含碳的镁质耐火材料相比,镁碳质耐火材料对钢液增碳严重。因此,微孔MgO质耐火材料不仅对钢液的二次污染小、不会向钢液增碳,而且还可以吸附钢中氧化铝夹杂,更有利于超低碳洁净钢的生产。     

Silicon Pick-up of Interstitial-Free Steel From MgO-SiC Refractories

The silicon pick-up of interstitial-free steel （IF steel） from resin bonded MgO-SiC refractories is studied via a medium frequency induction furnace. Samples of IF steel were heated in MgO-SiC crucibles with mould flux cover at 1 600 ℃ for 180 min. The silicon contents of IF steel samples taken from the molten steel in every 30 min were examined and the refractories after heating were investigated by electron probe microanalysis （EPMA） with energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS）. The silicon content of steel rapidly increased in the first 90 min of beating, and then decreased because of the formation of liquid layer on the refractory. Liquid layer separated the liquid steel from the bulk refractory and stopped the pick-up of silicon. At the same time, desilication via oxygen through the liquid layer and flux started to reduce the silicon content of the liquid steel     

Effect of Rare-Earth Oxides Containing Refractories on the Cleanliness of Al-Killed Steels

Refractories have a significant impact on the cleanliness of molten steel, especially when utilized as ceramic filters. To explore the feasibility of applying rare-earth oxides in ceramic filters, the interactions between CeO₂/CeAlO₃ functional refractories and steels with different Al contents are explored, and compared with the microporous magnesia refractory. In the test of CeO₂ refractory, the total oxygen (T.O) content significantly increases, while the dissolved Al content obviously decreases in 38CrMoAl steel (0.876 wt% [Al]). Furthermore, the T.O contents in 38CrMoAl and X70 steel (0.040 wt% [Al]) in the test of CeAlO₃ refractory are 22.9% and 70.9% of that in the test of microporous magnesia refractory, respectively. Meanwhile, the loss of dissolved Al in steel caused by the interaction between CeAlO₃ refractory and steel is relatively small. Therefore, CeAlO₃ is relatively stable after contact with molten steel and promising to be applicated in the ceramic filter for improving the cleanliness of molten steel.     

功能化新型耐火材料的设计、制备及应用

围绕两种新型耐火材料展开,即钢包精炼用高性能低碳镁碳耐火材料以及超低氧钢用耐火材料,初步实验表明,将大尺寸的碳硅化铝（Al₄SiC₄）引入到镁碳砖（MgO?C）中不仅可以提高其抗氧化能力,又能对含碳耐火材料氧化后的疏松结构进行修复,有望成为新一代钢包精炼用高性能低碳镁碳耐火材料;CaO?MgO?Al₂O₃（CMA）材料兼具优异的热机械和耐渣侵性能的同时,还可以在服役过程产生低熔点精炼渣相,具备净化钢水的潜力。可以预见,上述功能化新型耐火材料有望为高品质钢的进一步发展提供有力材料支撑。      

Transient flow and heat transfer in a steelmaking ladle during the holding period

Transient, turbulent flow and heat transfer in a ladle during the holding period are numerically investigated. The ladle refractories including the working lining, safety lining, insulation layer, and steel shell have been simultaneously taken into account. No assumptions are made for the heat transfer between the liquid steel and the inside ladle walls. Both the initial ladle heating and the heat loss from the slag surface are changed to examine their effect on thermal stratification in molten steel. A simplified model for the heat loss from the molten steel to the refractory is proposed. Correlations for the history of mean steel temperature, thermal stratification, and heat loss rate are obtained, which can be easily applied for industrial operations. Predictions are compared with experimental data in an industrial ladle and a pilot plant ladle, and those from previous studies.     

不同碳含量的MgO-C耐火材料与超低碳钢液的相互作用

研究了3种C含量的(3%、5%、10%,质量分数)MgO-C耐火材料与超低碳钢的相互作用。利用ICPAES、氧氮分析仪、碳硫分析仪检测了与实验MgO-C耐火材料接触的钢液的成分,用XRD分析了耐火材料反应前后的物相变化,并利用SEM观察了耐火材料/钢界面。结果表明,随着镁碳耐火材料中C含量的增加,耐火材料/钢界面附近的渗透层厚度增加;反应后钢液中的C、N、Al含量以及Mg含量随着耐火材料中C含量的增加而增加,钢中O含量随之降低;反应前后的镁碳耐火材料都有镁铝尖晶石的存在,高C含量的耐火材料反应后镁铝尖晶石含量增加,因此低碳镁碳耐火材料更有利于超低碳钢的生产。