离子液体在聚合物材料加工中的应用

由于离子液体具有电导率高、热稳定性好、蒸气压低、不燃烧等优良性质,越来越多地应用于有机合成、分离、电化学和材料加工等领域.综述了离子液体在聚合物材料加工中的应用研究进展,主要包括聚合物电解质的合成应用研究、聚合物在离子液体中的溶解、以离子液体为溶剂的聚合反应以及离子液体作为聚合物的增塑剂.     

锂离子电池用凝胶聚合物电解质研究进展

凝胶聚合物电解质既具有固态聚合物电解质良好的力学加工性能和安全性能,又具有传统液态电解质较高的室温离子电导率。但凝胶聚合物电解质由于室温离子电导率低、力学强度较差的缺点限制了其在锂离子电池上的应用。结合目前研究的最新进展,本文针对几种常用凝胶聚合物电解质体系聚氧化乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯和聚乙烯醇缩醛进行了综述,对其制备方法以及通过聚合物调控、加入无机填料和复合离子液体进行改性处理做了较全面的介绍,并探讨了凝胶聚合物电解质的应用前景。     

聚氧化乙烯-聚硅氧烷基离子液体复合聚合物电解质的研究

通过对不同聚硅氧烷(PDMS)含量的聚氧化乙烯-聚硅氧烷(PEO-PDMS)聚合物电解质电化学性能的测试,确定出PDMS最佳添加量,并以此聚合物配比为基体,通过复合不同质量分数的离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐([BMIM]TF-SI)或N-甲基、丙基哌啶双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐(PP13TFSI),制备得到不同体系的离子液体复合聚合物电解质膜。离子液体的加入可显著提高聚合物电解质的室温电导率,样品PPP-100%室温电导率达到5.6×10-4S/cm。同时,样品均具有良好的热学和电化学稳定性。通过两种体系聚合物电解质性能对比得知,PP13TFSI离子液体复合聚合物电解质具有更优性能,有望作为新型电解质材料应用在锂离子电池中。     

超级电容器电解质研究进展

电解质作为超级电容器的重要组成部分,对器件性能起着关键性作用。本文对近些年来超级电容器各种电解质,包括水系、有机液体、离子液体、固态/准固态聚合物电解质和氧化还原体系电解质的特点和最新研究成果进行了描述;重点介绍了固态/准固态聚合物电解质的分类及其性能研究概况。提出了发展电位窗口宽、离子电导率高、电化学性能稳定的离子液体和机械强度等综合性能优良的凝胶聚合物电解质是将来超级电容器电解质发展领域的趋势,最后对超级电容器电解质的发展前景进行了展望。     

离子液体掺杂型聚合物固体电解质的研究进展

离子液体掺杂型聚合物固体电解质具有良好的力学性能、离子电导率高、电化学稳定窗口宽、绿色环保、安全等优点,可望应用于锂离子电池、燃料电池、传感器、超级电容器等电化学设备中。简要介绍了以不同聚合物,如聚氧化乙烯(PEO)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、丁腈橡胶(NBR)为基体,添加锂盐和离子液体制备离子液体掺杂型聚合物固体电解质的研究进展。     

离子液体在可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合中的应用

离子液体具有优良的物理化学性能,受到研究者的广泛关注.近年来,有关离子液体在可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合反应中的应用有大量的研究报道.作为溶剂,离子液体能溶解一些较难溶解的聚合物,如纤维素和壳聚糖等,可以为聚合反应提供较好的反应环境;作为单体,通过RAFT聚合可制备出聚合离子液体均聚物或带有聚合离子液体链段的嵌段聚合物,可以应用于燃料电池电解质膜、太阳能电池、催化、分离及吸附剂等领域;离子液体还可以作为表面活性剂,应用于RAFT的乳液聚合或细乳液聚合,有效地稳定和控制聚合物颗粒大小.从溶剂、单体和表面活性剂方面出发,简单总结了离子液体在RAFT聚合反应中的应用.     

聚合物复合固体电解质材料研究进展

固体电解质是发展高安全、高能量密度全固态锂电池的重要材料基础。由聚合物相与无机相复合形成的聚合物复合固体电解质,兼具聚合物轻质、柔性,以及无机材料高强度、高稳定性等优势,是最具应用潜力的固体电解质材料。目前,制约聚合物复合固体电解质实际应用的主要瓶颈问题为其室温离子电导率较低。综述了目前关于聚合物复合固体电解质离子传导机制的科学认识以及提升其离子电导率的方法,分析了先进表征工具在揭示聚合物复合固体电解质离子传导机制方面的应用潜力,并展望了聚合物复合固体电解质未来的发展方向和工作重点。     

离子液体阻燃聚合物研究进展

离子液体作为添加剂提高聚合物性能表现出诸多优势.综述了几年来功能化离子液体提高聚合物材料阻燃性能的研究进展.具体讨论了聚合过程中离子液体固化行为机理对提高阻燃性能的研究;总结了离子液体以及离子液体结合无机材料阻燃聚合物研究进展.最后展望了离子液体在阻燃聚合物的应用和研究方向.     

离子液体在聚合物质子导电材料中的应用研究进展

以Nafion为代表的全氟磺酸水化膜是目前聚合物电解质膜燃料电池(PEMFCs)中最常用的质子交换膜(PEM),但此类膜的质子导电性能强烈依赖于水,由水的冻结或蒸发会使其失去质子导电性能。离子液体具有接近零的蒸汽压、低熔点、较宽的电化学窗口,将离子液体引入PEM体系可望大大扩展PEM的工作温度范围,提高其电导率。文中对近年来离子液体在聚合物质子导电材料中的应用进行了综述,并对其研究发展前景作了展望。     

PEO基聚合物电解质

聚氧化乙烯（PEO）基电解质是研究最早的聚合物电解质体系，它在电池生产中已得到应用。PEO基聚合物电解质主要分为聚合物/盐型和凝胶型两大类，凝胶型聚合物电解质因具有较高的电导率而被认为是固态锂离子电池最有应用前景的临时性解质体系。对两种类型的聚合物电解质的研究进展作了较为详细的论述，在此基础上分析了PEO基聚合物电解质中离子的传输机理。PEO基聚合物电解质中离子的运动能力与链的结构。离子浓度，温度，增塑剂等因素有关。     

磁性离子液体的制备与应用研究进展

磁性离子液体是一种新型的功能化离子液体材料,具有优良的热稳定性、优异的电化学性能、良好的溶解性能以及可回收性等特性,使其在萃取分离、反应催化和复合材料等领域具有较好的应用前景。对目前合成的磁性离子液体做了概述并根据构效关系对主要的磁性离子液体进行了分类。综述了磁性离子液体的主要制备方法,主要有一步合成法、二步合成法和辅助合成法。介绍了磁性离子液体在萃取分离、反应催化及碳纳米管复合材料领域应用研究进展。最后根据磁性离子液体在合成和应用中的不足做了展望。     

室温离子液体在材料合成中的应用

室温离子液体的物理和化学性质相对稳定,具有结构可调的特性.作为一种新功能材料广泛用于材料合成领域.根据离子液体在材料合成中的不同作用,本文从离子液体作为反应溶剂、模板剂、电解液、以及同时作为溶剂和模板剂这4个方面介绍了其在材料合成中的应用研究进展.     

Preparation of Inorganic Materials Using Ionic Liquids

Conventional synthesis of inorganic materials relies heavily on water and organic solvents. Alternatively, the synthesis of inorganic materials using, or in the presence of, ionic liquids represents a burgeoning direction in materials chemistry. Use of ionic liquids in solvent extraction and organic catalysis has been extensively studied, but their use in inorganic synthesis has just begun. Ionic liquids are a family of non‐conventional molten salts that can act as templates and precursors to inorganic materials, as well as solvents. They offer many advantages, such as negligible vapor pressures, wide liquidus ranges, good thermal stability, tunable solubility for both organic and inorganic molecules, and much synthetic flexibility. In this Review, the use of ionic liquids in the preparation of several categories of inorganic and hybrid materials (i.e., metal structures, non‐metal elements, silicas, organosilicas, metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, metal salts, open‐framework structures, ionic liquid‐functionalized materials, and supported ionic liquids) is summarized. The status quo of the research field is assessed, and some future perspectives are furnished.     

Ionic liquid droplet as e-microreactor

A powerful approach combining a droplet-based, open digital microfluidic lab-on-a-chip using task-specific ionic liquids as soluble supports to perform solution-phase synthesis is reported as a new tool for chemical applications. The negligible volatility of ionic liquids enables their use as stable droplet reactors on a chip surface under air. The concept was validated with different ionic liquids and with a multicomponent reaction. Indeed, we showed that different ionic liquids can be moved by electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD), and their displacement was compared with aqueous solutions. Furthermore, we showed that mixing ionic liquids droplets, each containing a different reagent, in "open" systems is an efficient way of carrying supported organic synthesis. This was applied to Grieco's tetrahydroquinolines synthesis with different reagents. Analysis of the final product was performed off-line and on-line, and the results were compared with those obtained in a conventional reaction flask. This technology opens the way to easy synthesis of minute amounts of compounds ad libitum without the use of complex, expensive, and bulky robots and allows complete automation of the process for embedded chemistry in a portable device. It offers several advantages, including simplicity of use, flexibility, and scalability, and appears to be complementary to conventional microfluidic lab-on-a-chip devices usually based on continuous-flow in microchannels.     

聚合物负载离子液体研究进展

综述了近几年国内外聚合物负载离子液体的研究进展,根据聚合物载体的种类,分别归纳总结了碳链型聚合物、杂链型聚合物、有机元素型聚合物、无机盐高分子负载离子液体的制备,并讨论了其在有机合成、分离工程、电化学等方面的应用。     

Synthesis of plasticizer ester using acid-functionalized ionic liquid as catalyst

Several plasticizer esters were synthesized by using acid-functionalized ionic liquids as catalyst. The results indicated that HSO3-functionalized Br?nsted acidic ionic liquids show better catalytic and reusable performance than non-functionalized ionic liquids. For each plasticizer ester examined, one or two ionic liquids with high catalytic activity were chosen. Especially, the ionic liquids could be separated easily from the products and be reused at least six times with the conversion of the acid not less than 95%. Therefore, an environmental friendly approach for the synthesis of plasticizer ester is provided.     

聚离子液体的合成及其在吸附分离领域中的应用 研究进展

聚离子液体(PILs)能结合离子液体与聚合物的优点,兼具优异的机械稳定性、加工性、离子导电性和化学相容性等,近年来受到学术界的广泛关注.介绍了聚离子液体的分类及合成方法,综述了聚离子液体在吸附分离领域的应用,并对聚离子液体的发展进行了展望.未来有关聚离子液体的研究中,化学结构与性能之间的构效关系、新型聚离子液体的合成及其应用将是聚离子液体的重要发展方向.     

Fast synthesis of nanostructured ZnO particles from an ionic liquid precursor tetrabutylammonium hydroxide

Microwave irradiation could allow a more efficient and homogeneous heating of the reaction mixture to result in a fast synthesis. We propose a facile route for the synthesis of ZnO particles from an ionic liquid precursor with the assistance of microwave heating in which the ionic liquid has multifunctions (adsorbing microwave and acting as solvent, reactant, template) in the particle formation process. It demonstrates that ZnO particles with uniform size and morphology could be synthesized from tetrabutylammonium hydroxide ionic liquid precursor by the microwave heating method. Room temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy is measured to reveal the optical property of the as-obtained products. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of the synthesized ZnO particles for the degradation of Rhodamine B is investigated.     

Preparation of AgX (X = Cl, I) nanoparticles using ionic liquids

Nanoparticles of silver halides have been prepared by mixing silver halide powder with a single liquid phase consisting of an ionic liquid, isooctane, n-decanol and water. Much higher nanoparticle concentrations may be formed with ionic liquids using this new simple method than are found with conventionally applied surfactants. This method also emphasizes the applicability of ionic liquids as versatile components in microemulsions and as solvents for the synthesis of nanomaterials. The effect on the nanoparticles of changing the composition of the liquid mixtures and the nature of the ionic liquid is analysed. High nanoparticle concentrations were only found with chloride based ionic liquids, indicating the importance of the ionic liquid anion in the mechanism of the reaction.