转Cry1Ab-ma基因玉米对大鼠的亚慢性毒性研究

目的:研究转Cry1Ab-ma基因玉米对大鼠的亚慢性毒性。方法:初断乳Wistar大鼠140只,随机分为7组:转基因玉米高中低3个剂量组(60%、30%、15%)、亲本玉米高中低3个剂量组(60%、30%、15%)以及1个常规基础饲料对照组,每组20只,雌雄各半。动物2只1笼喂养,自由进食饮水,连续观察90 d。每周称量饲料量及大鼠体重,在试验中、末期采集大鼠尿液和血液进行尿常规、血常规和血生化分析。实验末期称重脏器并计算脏器体重比,最后对大鼠脏器进行病理组织学检查。实验末期称重脏器并计算脏器体重比,最后对大鼠脏器进行病理组织学检查。结果:90 d的实验期内,各组大鼠均未发现中毒死亡情况。转基因玉米组个别评价指标虽与亲本玉米对照组或常规基础饲料对照组存在统计学差异,但指标水平在文献报道正常范围和历史对照范围内,且均未发现有生物学意义的改变。各受检脏器未见与受试物相关的病理改变。结论:现有实验结果不能证实转Cry1Ab-ma基因玉米对大鼠有亚慢性毒性作用。     

转基因棉籽的食用安全性及对大鼠抗氧化系统影响的研究

本文研究了转基因棉籽的食用安全性以及对动物肌体抗氧化系统的影响。实验中无动物死亡,并且所有动物都表现正常。结果表明,食用转基因棉籽的处理组与食用非转基因棉籽的对照组相比,动物体重增长率及食物利用率、血液生化指标、脏器重等均无显著差异。受试大鼠的大体解剖及脏器的组织切片镜检结果,均未发现异常病理性改变。大鼠在食用转基因棉籽和非转基因棉籽后,肌体的抗氧化酶活性无明显差异。通过对大量结果的统计分析,显示转基因棉花棉籽与非转基因棉籽在营养学方面具有实质等同性。     

转人乳铁蛋白基因大米的慢性毒性研究

目的 观察转人乳铁蛋白(hLF)基因大米是否具有慢性毒性作用.方法 初断乳的180只SD大鼠按性别、体重随机分为3组:转基因hLF基因大米组、亲本大米对照组和AIN-93对照组,分别饲喂相应饲料12个月.观察大鼠的体重、进食量、血常规、血生化情况,实验末期处死动物,称量脏器重量并对脏器进行病理学检查.结果 转hLF基因大米组血常规(LYM％、GRN％)、血生化(ALT、AST、GLU)在个别时间点上与亲本对照组或AIN-93对照组存在显著差异(P＜0.05);其他观察指标与两个对照组均无显著差异.结论 现有实验结果不能证实转hLF基因大米对大鼠有慢性毒性作用.     

转DBN9978基因抗虫抗除草剂玉米对大鼠的亚慢性毒性研究

目的:研究喂饲转DBN9978基因玉米对大鼠的亚慢性毒性。方法:选用断乳SD大鼠140只,随机分为7组,即3个转基因组(73.3%、36.65%、18.33%)、3个亲本玉米组(72.7%、35.35%、18.18%)、1个常规基础饲料对照组。每组20只,雌雄各半。动物2只/笼喂养,自由进食饮水,连续观察90d。观察大鼠体重、进食量、血液学指标、血生化指标,实验结束后摘取动物脏器进行病理组织学检查。结果:各剂量组动物的体重均呈增长趋势,转基因组、亲本对照组与饲养对照组每周体重及体重总增重、每周进食量、总食物利用率以及中、末期的血液学和血生化指标,各主要脏器系数及病理组织学检查比较,均未发现有生物学意义的改变。结论:现有试验结果不能证实该转DBN9978基因玉米对大鼠有亚慢性毒性作用。     

转C0030.2.5基因玉米对大鼠的亚慢性毒性研究

目的:研究喂饲转C0030. 2. 5基因玉米对大鼠的亚慢性毒性。方法:选用断乳SD大鼠140只,随机分为7组,即3个转基因组(72. 70%、36. 35%、18. 18%)、3个亲本玉米组(72. 7%、35. 35%、18. 18%)、1个常规基础饲料对照组,每组20只,雌雄各半。动物2只/笼喂养,自由进食饮水,连续观察90d。观察大鼠体重、进食量、血液学指标、血生化指标,实验结束后摘取动物脏器进行病理组织学检查。结果:各剂量组动物的体重均呈增长趋势,体重增长正常,中、末期的血液学和血生化指标中个别指标虽有统计学差异,但并无生物学意义。各主要脏器系数及病理组织学检查比较,均未发现有生物学意义的改变。结论:现有实验结果不能证实该转C0030. 2. 5基因玉米对大鼠有亚慢性毒性作用。     

转基因牛肉食用安全性的初步评价

目的通过90 d喂养试验初步评价转人α-乳清白蛋白基因牛肉的食用安全性。方法将普通牛肉和转基因牛肉分别制成牛肉粉,按照5%的比例掺入基础饲料并调整配方使之与啮齿类实验动物纯化饲料AIN93G相一致。将Wistar大鼠按体质量随机分为3组,分别以转基因牛肉饲料、普通牛肉饲料和基础饲料AIN93G喂养90 d。每日观察动物体征,每周记录动物体质量和进食量,试验结束时对动物进行尿液检查、血液细胞学和血液生化学分析,对重要脏器称重并进行组织病理学检查。结果进食含有转基因牛肉的饲料对大鼠体质量、进食量、尿液、血液细胞学和血液生化学、脏器重量及组织病理学均未产生明显改变,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论大鼠的90 d喂养试验结果提示转基因牛肉的食用安全性与普通牛肉无差别。     

动物双歧杆菌V9亚慢性毒性研究

目的研究动物双歧杆菌V9的亚慢性毒性,提出其无可见有害作用水平(NOAEL)。方法 80只断乳SD大鼠按体重随机分成4组,即对照组和3个受试物组,每组20只,雌雄各半。低、中、高剂量分别为1.25、2.50、5.00 g/kg BW。各剂量组灌胃给予受试物,对照组灌同体积的蒸馏水。动物单笼喂养,自由饮食,每周记录大鼠进食量,每周称2次体重以调整灌胃量,连续观察90 d,于实验中期(46 d)和实验结束采血测各项血液学和临床生化指标,并进行病理组织学检查。结果各受试物剂量组动物体重、进食量、食物利用率、临床生化指标、各脏器脏体比与对照组比较均无显著性差异;病理指标也未见由受试物引起的异常改变。血常规指标中有显著性差异的检测值均在本室历史正常对照检测范围内,无生物学意义。结论根据本次实验结果确定动物双歧杆菌V9 NOAEL在雌雄大鼠均为5.00 g/kg BW,即本实验的高剂量,相当于人体推荐量的300倍。     

较长期喂养转人乳铁蛋白全乳粉对SD 大鼠血清铁、铁蛋白含量的影响

目的：饲喂SD 大鼠转人乳铁蛋白全乳粉90d,监测其对大鼠营养状况以及生理、血液生化指标的影响,从而评价转人乳铁蛋白全乳粉在较长期喂养实验动物时对其血清铁、血清铁蛋白含量的影响。方法：参考中华人民共和国农业行业标准《转基因植物及其产品食用安全检测--大鼠 90 天喂养实验》(NY/T 1102 - 2006)进行。将140 只SD 大鼠按体质量随机分为7 组,每组20 只,雌雄各半,分别为：常规饲料对照组,转基因奶粉低、中、高剂量组和非转基因奶粉低、中、高剂量组。90d 后,观察各组实验动物体质量、食物利用率以及血生化指标。结果: 转人乳铁蛋白全乳粉经过90d 喂养实验动物后,各组动物生长发育良好,含转人乳铁蛋白全乳粉与不含转人乳铁蛋白全乳粉组相比,大鼠的体质量与食物利用率、总进食量均无显著差异(P ≥ 0.05),在较长期喂养过程中未观察到含转人乳铁蛋白全乳粉对大鼠产生不良作用,含转人乳铁蛋白全乳粉可显著增加血清铁和铁蛋白水平(P ≤0.05)。结论：SD 大鼠较长期食用转人乳铁蛋白全乳粉未出现安全问题,且可以提高实验动物机体铁的营养状况。     

酵母β-葡聚糖亚慢性毒性实验研究?

目的研究酵母β-葡聚糖的亚慢性毒性,提出其未观察到有害作用水平(NOAEL)。方法 80只断乳SD大鼠按体重随机分成4组,即对照组和受试物3个剂量组,每组20只,雌雄各半。低、中、高剂量分别为0.62、1.25、2.50 g/kg BW。各剂量组灌胃给予受试物,对照组灌同体积的蒸馏水。动物单笼喂养,自由饮食,每周记录大鼠进食量,每周称2次体重以调整灌胃量,连续观察90 d,于实验中期(45 d)和实验结束采血测各项血液学和临床生化指标,并进行病理组织学检查。结果受试物各剂量组动物体重、进食量、食物利用率、血液学检测指标、临床生化指标、各脏器脏体比与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义;病理指标也未显示由受试物引起的异常改变。结论根据本次实验结果确定酵母β-葡聚糖NOAEL在雌雄大鼠均为2.50 g/kg BW,即本实验的高剂量,相当于人体推荐量的600倍。     

转cry2A*基因大米T2A-1慢性毒性试验研究

目的通过掺入饲料的方式连续给予SD大鼠转cry2A~*基因大米T2A-1 52周,为其食用安全性提供基础毒理学数据。方法 144只无特定病原体(SPF级)SD大鼠按体质量随机分为三个组,每组雌雄各半。根据大米营养成分测定结果,将T2A-1大米及其亲本明恢63大米均按最大比例掺入饲料中,成长期和维持期分别为60.75%、66.75%,同时设置AIN-93配方饲料组作为营养对照。连续喂饲52周;试验期间观察并记录一般状况、体质量、摄食量等,并开展血液、血生化、尿液常规检测;试验结束时处死动物进行病理学检查等。结果转基因和亲本大米的主要营养成分含量相近。52周试验周期中,各组大鼠一般状况均良好,死亡率和肿瘤发生率组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与非转基因组比较,转基因组大鼠体质量、进食量、食物利用率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);血液、血生化、尿液检测未发现有毒理学意义的改变;各组组织病理学检查均未发现有意义的病理学改变。结论在本试验条件下,转cry2A~*基因大米连续喂饲SD大鼠52周,未发现其对实验动物产生不良的影响。     

No evidence for enhanced parvalbumin concentration in light muscle of transgenic coho salmon (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus kisutch</Emphasis>)

The expression of parvalbumin, a major allergenic protein of fish muscle, was determined in rapidly growing transgenic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus mykiss) containing the growth hormone (GH) gene construct OnMTGH1. Three different methods for parvalbumin analysis were used: (1) measurement of the mRNA concentration by real-time RT-PCR; (2) isoelectric focusing of sarcoplasmic proteins; (3) assessment of amount of heat-stable, Ca²⁺-binding sarcoplasmic proteins by measuring absorbance spectra of “stains-all”–protein complexes. Compared to non-transgenic coho salmon, no indication for enhanced expression of parvalbumin in transgenic fish was found either at the mRNA or at the protein level.     

Effect of rabbit kappa-casein expression on the properties of milk from transgenic mice

Transgenic mice were produced carrying the coding region of the rabbit kappa-casein gene linked to the upstream region of the rabbit whey acidic protein gene. Mice from the highest-expressing line produced 2.5 mg rabbit kappa-casein/ml in their milk. The foreign protein was associated with the casein micelles and altered micelle size, though in the high-expressing line rabbit kappa-casein also segregated into the whey fraction obtained after centrifuging the milk samples. Milk from transgenic mice had the same overall protein content as that from non-transgenic mice, except for the transgene product. However, litters fed with this transgenic mouse milk grew less well than litters given milk from non-transgenic mice. This reduction in growth was not related to changes in mammary gland structure or mammary cell morphology. Preliminary results indicated that milk from the transgenic mice had a higher viscosity.     

淡水鱼鱼糕加工适性和微冻特性的研究

测定了草鱼、鲢鱼、鲫鱼、鲈鱼、鲑鱼、黑鱼、鳊鱼、鲶鱼、鳙鱼等9种淡水鱼的采肉率和成本,比较不同淡水鱼鱼糕的营养特性和品质差异,测定鱼糕微冻贮藏过程中细菌总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)和硫代巴比妥酸还原值(TBARS)的变化。试验结果表明,鲶鱼采肉率最高,所需成本最低。不同淡水鱼鱼糕总蛋白含量有显著差异(p<0.05),而含水量、脂肪和灰分含量差异不显著(p>0.05)。草鱼鱼糕的硬度适中,弹性和凝聚性均优于其他种类淡水鱼鱼糕,咀嚼性和凝胶强度仅次于鲑鱼鱼糕,最适合作为淡水鱼鱼糜制品的加工原料。微冻与真空包装结合能明显延长鱼糕的货架期。草鱼鱼糕、鲢鱼鱼糕、黑鱼鱼糕和鳙鱼鱼糕的微冻保鲜期在56d以上。     

Use of terrestrial based lipids in aquaculture feeds and the effects on flesh organohalogen and fatty acid concentrations in farmed Atlantic salmon

Consumption of salmon, wild or farmed, has been encouraged by many scientists and by national and international health organizations due to the potential health benefits associated with their high contents of omega-3 (n-3) highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFAs). In 2004, there was increased public concern regarding the safety of farmed Atlantic salmon following the publication of several studies that indicated higher levels of organohalogens in their flesh relative to those noted in the flesh of wild Pacific salmon. Farmed salmon obtain most of these contaminants from the consumption of marine fish oil (MFO) present in salmon feed. In both a laboratory feeding trial and an on-farm field study, partial replacement of MFO in aquaculture feeds with economical and abundant lipids of terrestrial origin resulted in farmed Atlantic salmon with reduced flesh polychlorinated biphenyl and polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and furan concentrations. Flesh levels of n-3 HUFAs (g/(100 g serving)) were lower in farmed Atlantic salmon fed diets with alternative lipids relative to farmed salmon fed more traditional MFO-based diets. However, the former salmon were found to have higher flesh levels of n-3 HUFAs and also similar or lower flesh levels of organic contaminants than some species of market-size wild Pacific salmon. These findings showthat consumption of either farmed Atlantic salmon or wild Pacific salmon can meet recommended weekly n-3 HUFA levels with minimal concurrent intake of flesh organohalogens.     

Growth hormone and fertility in oMt1a-oGH transgenic mice

Female mice carrying a regulatable growth hormone transgene (oMt1a-oGH) are subfertile when the transgene is actively expressed. This study was designed to characterize subfertility caused by increased concentrations of growth hormone. In particular, this study aimed to: (i) determine the effects of transgene activation and inactivation on mating, conception, maintenance of pregnancy, ovulation rate, litter characteristics and embryonic survival at day 17 of pregnancy, (ii) characterize oestrous cyclicity in transgenic versus wild-type female mice, and (iii) correlate corticosterone concentrations with transgene expression and reproductive performance. Transgenic and wild-type female mice were allocated randomly to one of four treatment groups at weaning: (i) transgenic female mice that always express the transgene, (ii) transgenic female mice that never express the transgene, (iii) transgenic female mice that express the transgene for up to 8 weeks of age and (iv) non-transgenic wild-type female mice receiving the transgene stimulus until 8 weeks of age. Activation followed by inactivation of the transgene resulted in an increased incidence of remating, resulting in an extended interval to establish pregnancy in comparison with all other treatment groups. Transgenic mice that always expressed the transgene and those that expressed the transgene for up to 8 weeks of age had lower pregnancy rates and higher ovulation rates compared with mice from other treatment groups. Both embryonic survival and the duration of the oestrous cycle did not differ among treatment groups. Active expression of the transgene resulted in an increase in the plasma concentration of corticosterone, which was associated with reduced fertility. These data indicate that the presence of a high growth hormone concentration impedes the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Increased plasma corticosterone concentrations may interfere with implantation as well as potentiate leptin resistance, which has been reported previously in studies with these mice.     

干旱处理对烟草叶片SOD和POD活性的影响

通过对盆栽旺长期烟草（3个近等基因系，即转Mn—SOD基因叶绿体高表达品系、转Fe—SOD基因叶绿体高表达品系和非转基因品系；2个推广品种。即红花大金元和K326）给予多达10d的干旱处理和4d的复水，结果表明，过氧化物酶（peroxidase，POD）活性干旱胁迫下表现出升高的趋势；抗旱品种（系）的超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismumse，SOD）活性先迅速升高然后逐渐降低，而不抗旱品种（系）的则在干旱处理期间缓慢升高。     

Detection of Transgenic Atlantic and Coho Salmon by Real-time PCR

Genetic modifications (GM) have been applied to salmon to generate fast-growing strains for potential use in aquaculture. In November 2015, the first transgenic salmon (AquAdvantage® Atlantic salmon) was accepted for commercialization in the USA under defined conditions. The presence of GM food products in the marketplace stimulates the need for detection methods to allow screening for the presence of genetic modifications in seafood products. This paper first shows that it is possible to obtain amplifiable DNA from raw and processed products containing salmon. Detection methods by real-time PCR are proposed in this work. An endogenous gene target was designed to detect salmonid species DNA in samples. In addition, detection methods using real-time PCR were developed for two GM salmon possessing growth hormone transgenes: the AquAdvantage® Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) developed by AquaBounty for commercial purposes, and the coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) developed for research purposes by Fisheries and Oceans Canada. The methods are able to detect at least 20 copies of the target. It was found however that one of the construct-specific methods for the AquAdvantage® salmon detection did not work on AquAdvantage® genomic DNA even though it works on the sequence published in GenBank. The other assay however was found to reliably detect AquAdvantage® transgenic sequences in genomic DNA.     

鳡鱼肌肉营养成分测定及评价

分析评价了配合饲料网箱养殖鳡鱼肌肉的一般营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物质含量。结果表明：鳡鱼的平均含肉率为74.69%,肌肉中的水分、蛋白质、脂肪和灰分含量分别为72.87%、18.61%、6.60%和1.10%;17 种氨基酸总量为75.87%,其中呈味氨基酸含量总量高至28.91%,赖氨酸含量最高为7.76%,必需氨基酸指数为94.08;鳡鱼肌肉中共检出18 种脂肪酸,包括神经酸,其中单不饱和脂肪酸含量为57.07%,多不饱和脂肪酸含量为19.54%,n-3与n-6系列脂肪酸比值为1.21,二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸总量达到8.67%。肌肉中所测10 种矿质元素,硒含量丰富。配合饲料养殖鳡鱼肌肉营养价值很高,其脂肪与蛋白质质量优于野生鳡鱼与饵料鱼养殖鳡鱼。     

蚕卵粉对糖尿病小鼠超氧化物歧化酶和其mRNA表达的影响

本实验通过小鼠模型,研究了蚕卵粉对诱导型糖尿病小鼠的血糖、SOD酶和SOD基因mRNA表达的影响。结果显示,喂食含5%蚕卵粉饲料的糖尿病小鼠的血糖显著降低,蚕卵粉对正常小鼠的血糖值没有影响。蚕卵粉对由于高血糖引起的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性降低具有明显保护作用,可以有效地增强糖尿病小鼠的SOD酶活性。RT-PCR和Northern Blotting结果显示,蚕卵粉可以加强糖尿病小鼠地超氧化物歧化酶基因(SOD)的mRNA的表达水平。上述结果进一步研究蚕卵粉的生理功能及其利用提供理论依据。