A Single-Inductor Step-Up DC-DC Switching Converter With Bipolar Outputs for Active Matrix OLED Mobile Display Panels

A single-inductor step-up DC-DC switching converter with bipolar outputs is implemented for active-matrix OLED mobile display panels. The positive output voltage is regulated by a boost operation with a modified comparator control (MCC), and the negative output voltage is regulated by a charge-pump operation with a proportional-integral (PI) control. The proposed adaptive current-sensing technique successfully supports the implementation of the proposed converter topology and enables the converter to work in both discontinuous-conduction mode (DCM) and continuous-conduction mode (CCM). In addition, with the MCC method, the converter can guarantee a positive output voltage that has both a fast transient response of the comparator control and a small output voltage ripple of the PWM control. A 4.1 mm$^{2}$ converter IC fabricated in a 0.5 $mu$m power BiCMOS process operates at a switching frequency of 1 MHz with a maximum efficiency of 82.3% at an output power of 330 mW.      

Low-harmonic GTO converter for fundamental power factorcompensation

A low-harmonic GTO (gate turn-off) thyristor AC-to-DC converter with line current lead-lag phase shift control ability is proposed and analyzed. The converter can be used either as a low-harmonic GTO-controlled rectifier or a fundamental input power factor compensator in a power supply system. The effect of PWM (pulse width modulation) current phase number on the harmonic contents and converter output voltage control range is investigated. Lower order input current harmonics are eliminated over a wide range, using a specially designed PWM current pattern. The effect of the PWM current pulse number on the power factor compensation characteristic is investigated     

一种恒压输出的DC-DC升压电路设计

针对DC-DC升压器存在效率低,纹波电压较大,输出电压不稳定等问题,文中开发和设计了一种具有恒定输出电压的DC-DC升压转换器的方法。通过升压电路和电压反馈技术,将波动的输入电压变成恒定的直流电压输出。该设计通过将转换器的输出电压与参考电压相比较,两者的差值会产生一个PWM信号控制升压器的通断时间,从而达到恒定电压输出。仿真结果显示,该实验电路能在频率为20 kHz的连续导通模式中工作,产生24 V的恒定输出电压,输出功率为100 W。     

基于自动识别主辅路同步控制的正激变换器

为了改善多路输出正激变换器交叉调整率,提出了一种基于ARM自动识别主辅路同步控制的控制策略。利用ARM实时采样各路输出端的实时输出电压和负载电流,计算每一路的输出功率,根据设定的判断规则,设别出主路和辅路。主路采用PID电压环控制方法,ARM输出相应的PWM波驱动主开关和同步整流开关。对辅路采取了副边电压环控制,产生相应的使能信号控制辅路同步整流开关是否接受驱动信号,以提高辅路输出的电压精度,以及减小相应的交叉调整率。实验结果表明,利用该控制策略所设计的双路输出正激变换器获得了小于5.5%的交叉调整率。     

Power factor correction converter using delay control

A low cost universal input voltage single-controller power factor correction converter for a 200 W power supply is proposed. It consists of the PFC part followed by a DC-DC converter as in a conventional two-stage scheme. However a single PWM controller is used as in a single-stage PFC scheme. The switch in the PFC part is synchronized with the switch in the DC-DC converter and has a fixed frequency. Employing an adaptive delay scheme, the PPC switch is controlled to limit the capacitor voltage within a desired range for optimum efficiency and to reduce input current harmonic distortion. The design procedures of the delay scheme, the feedback loop, and experimented results are presented to verify the performance     

Small-signal modeling of a controlled transformer parallel regulator as a multiple output converter high efficient post-regulator

This paper presents a post-regulator based on the use of a controlled transformer, which adds or subtracts an additional voltage to the output filter of a converter in order to regulate its output voltage. So, their actuation is complementary to that of more known post-regulators, such as the magnetic amplifier (magamp) and synchronous switch post-regulator (SSPR), because the regulation is achieved by controlling the voltage across the filter inductor instead of its charge time. Besides, the post-regulator processes the power in parallel to the one flowing from input to output and only handles a percentage of it. The post-regulation by controlled transformer is suitable of being employed in any isolated PWM power converter and combines a good efficiency and the easiness of design of classical switched power supplies. The work describes the post-regulation strategy for obtaining two outputs independently regulated, and presents a model to obtain the control transfer function and the cross-impedance expressions.     

Real-time output voltage control method of quasi-ZCS seriesresonant HF-linked DC-AC converter

This paper proposes a real-time control method of a series resonant high-frequency linked DC-AC converter employing quasi-zero current switching (quasi-ZCS) and a feedback control method for sinusoidal output voltage. An approximate analysis of the converter is performed, and then simplified equations and an equivalent circuit similar to the conventional PWM inverters/inverters are obtained. A real-time feedback control of the converter is realized using the equivalent circuit without detecting HF link current. The usefulness of the proposed control algorithm is confirmed by experimental results     

Indirect current control of a single-phase voltage-sourced boost-type bridge converter operated in the rectifier mode

An H-bridge transistorized converter intended for front-end power conversion at a high power-factor and a constant desired output voltage has been analyzed. The state-space model of the H-bridge converter controlled by the bipolar pulse width modulated (PWM) technique is described and the expressions for the equilibrium points of operation of the state variables corresponding to the circuit parameters have been derived. The converter is intended for use as a voltage source feeding an inverter. Hence the requirement of maintaining a desired DC voltage at its output becomes necessary. Transient behavior of two control strategies have been tested to examine their performance in stabilising the converter at the desired operating state. Comparison of the two feedback strategies has been done by simulation studies and the one that was found superior has been experimentally implemented. The experimental implementation of the controller for the converter operation in the rectifier mode is also described. The experimental results obtained are presented and compared with simulation results to validate the controller's performance under transient conditions.     

Optimal PWM Control of Switched-Capacitor DC–DC Power Converters via Model Transformation and Enhancing Control Techniques

This paper presents an efficient and effective method for an optimal pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) control of switched-capacitor dc-dc power converters. Optimal switching instants are determined based on minimizing the output ripple magnitude, the output leakage voltage and the sensitivity of the output load voltage with respect to both the input voltage and the load resistance. This optimal PWM control strategy has several advantages over conventional PWM control strategies: 1) it does not involve a linearization, so a large-signal analysis is performed; and 2) it guarantees the optimality. The problem is solved via both the model transformation and the optimal enhancing control techniques. A practical example of the PWM control of a switched-capacitor dc-dc power converter is presented.     

A new state feedback based transient control of PWM AC to DCvoltage type converters

This paper presents a new state feedback based control strategy for a PWM AC to DC voltage type converter with phase and amplitude control. In this control strategy the state variables of the LC filter connected to the AC side of the converter are fed back to the PWM pattern generator, thereby eliminating a DC offset of the AC input currents as well as oscillations of the DC output current during transients. Computer simulation of the converter system with the proposed control strategy shows that the transient waveforms of AC input and DC output currents are improved greatly even if the damping effect of the AC side resistance can not be expected. The DC voltage regulation with good dynamic response is also achieved even if DC capacitance is substantially reduced. Experimental results from a low power laboratory model are also included to confirm the simulated results and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy     

A zero-current-switching PWM flyback converter with a simpleauxiliary switch

A simple and effective approach of turning an isolated hard-switched converter design into a soft-switched one is presented. By adding an auxiliary winding, switch and small capacitor to the conventional pulsewidth modulation (PWM) isolated flyback converter, all switches and diodes are softly turned on and off. No extra active or passive voltage clamp circuit is needed to suppress voltage stress on the switching devices that were usually found in classical converters. A zero-current-switching (ZCS) PWM flyback converter topology with multiple outputs is analyzed and examined. The proposal inherently utilizes the leakage inductance of the “flyback” transformer to achieve ZCS of all switching devices. A complete steady-state DC analysis and the operating principle are described. The performance of an 80 W experimental converter prototype with dual-voltage outputs is included     

一种可调节电流的电流型PWM直流转换器

介绍一种用于驱动发光二极管(LED)的可调节电流的电流型PWM直流转换器.该直流转换器由于接有一个外接电阻,可以通过调节外接电阻的大小来调节输出电流.输出电流调节范围在5～40mA之间.主要分析了电路的输出电流调节功能,和这种输出电流可变的电流型PWM直流转换器的电流和电压反馈环的反馈实现原理.并简要介绍了这种带电流调节功能的PWM直流转换器的工作原理,最后给出了电路在输出不同电流时使用HSPICE软件对反馈参考电压,PWM锁存器输出波形的仿真结果.     

Implementation of a controlled rectifier using AC-AC matrixconverter theory

It is well known that a PWM-controlled rectifier can offer advantages of reduced low-order harmonics and unity input power factor when compared to a conventional thyristor converter. However, theoretically optimum PWM strategies are often difficult to implement physically or are not easily extended to regenerative operation. The authors propose an alternative PWM strategy based on AC-AC matrix converter theory, which generates only high-order switching harmonics, presents a unity power factor load to the supply, implicitly extends to regeneration (and operation with a center tapped DC output), and is feasible to physically implement for real-time output voltage control. Both the theory and physical simulation results are presented     

Zero-Voltage Switching Two-Transformer Full-Bridge PWM Converter With Lossless Diode-Clamp Rectifier for PDP Sustain Power Module

This paper presents a zero-voltage switching (ZVS) two-transformer full-bridge (TTFB) pulsewidth modulation (PWM) converter with lossless diode-clamp rectifier for a plasma display panel sustaining power module (PSPM). The TTFB converter has series-connected two transformers which act as an output inductor as well as a main transformer. Although the naturally doubled leakage inductor due to the series-connected two transformers contributes to achieve the ZVS of the lagging leg, it creates a serious voltage ringing across the output rectifier diodes. This results in the heavy voltage stresses across the rectifier diodes. Thus the dissipative snubber circuits are required in spite of the severe power dissipation. To overcome these problems, a new lossless diode-clamp rectifier (LDCR) is employed as the output rectifier, which helps the voltage across rectifier diodes to be clamped at one half the output voltage ($V_o/$2) or a full output voltage$(V_o)$. Therefore, no dissipative snubber circuits for the rectifier diodes are needed and a high efficiency as well as a low noise output voltage can be realized. In addition, the clamping capacitors of the LDCR can help considerably to reduce the primary circulating current. The operations, analysis, and design consideration of proposed converter are presented. Also, a 425-W, 385-$V_ dc$input, 170-$V_ dc$output prototype is constructed and experimental results show the validity of the proposed converter.     

开关稳压电源系统设计

文章构建了基于Boost型变换器的DC/DC变换器,系统以专用芯片UC3842作为控制核心,辅以Atmega128单片机稳定输出电压。利用UC3842自身的电压电流环反馈,加上输出电压均值环设计成输出电压稳定可调的DC/DC变换电路。本系统还采用了模拟PWM技术、在线保护技术、人机交互技术。实际测试表明该系统各项指标均达到或超过设计要求。     

Narrow Pulse Elimination PWM for Multilevel Digital Audio Power Amplifiers Using Two Cascaded H-Bridges as a Nine-Level Converter

This paper presents a methodology to reduce total harmonic distortion (THD) in digital audio power amplifiers, using two new approaches: 1) a multilevel converter made of two cascaded full-bridges, with suitable power supplies to operate as a nine-level hybrid type converter and 2) a new pulsewidth modulation (PWM) technique called narrow pulse elimination (NPE) PWM. The proposed nine-level converter uses only eight MOSFETs. Unlike conventional PWM, the NPE PWM does not generate excessively narrow pulses, so that power semiconductors nonideal delays and switching times are still negligible. Therefore, the nine-level output voltage THD, mostly introduced in the power stage, is strongly reduced. With the NPE technique, the resolution of the generated PWM is no longer limited by the switching speed of the output switches, but only by the frequency of digital processing circuit. Simulation and experimental results from a laboratory prototype are presented in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches     

Open-loop power-stage transfer functions relevant to current-mode control of boost PWM converter operating in CCM

This paper presents the analysis of open-loop power-stage dynamics relevant to current-mode control for a boost pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) dc-dc converter operating in continuous-conduction mode (CCM). The transfer functions from input voltage to inductor current, from duty cycle to inductor current, and from output current to inductor current are derived. The delay from the MOSFET gate drive to the duty cycle is modeled using a first-order Pade/spl acute/ approximation. The derivations are performed using an averaged linear small-signal circuit model of the boost converter for CCM. The transfer functions can be used in modeling the complete boost PWM converter when current-mode control is used. The theory was in excellent agreement with the experimental results, enforcing the validity of the transfer functions derived.     

Analysis,design and implementation of an interleaved three-level PWM DC/DC ZVS converter

This paper presents a new parallel three-level soft switching pulse-width modulation (PWM) converter. The proposed converter has two circuit cells operated by the interleaved PWM modulation. Thus, the ripple currents at input and output sides are reduced. Each circuit cell has two three-level zero voltage switching circuits sharing the same power switches. Therefore, the current and power rating of the secondary side components are reduced. Current double rectifier topology is selected on the secondary side to decrease output ripple current. The main advantages of the proposed converter are soft switching of power switches, low ripple current on the output side and low-voltage rating of power switches for medium-power applications. Finally, the performance of the proposed converter is verified by experiments with 1 kW prototype circuit.     

基于ATmega16单片机的数控稳压电源设计

设计一款基于ATmega16单片机的精密数控稳压电源,该单片机内置PWM方波发生器,内置10BIT高精度兰A/D转换器,采用LM317作功率调整器件,高速运放TL084作反馈控制单元,实现电压0-20V连续可调,调整精度±0.01V,最大允许电流2A,分辨率0.01A,输出纹波电压低于100mV,具有恒流输出功能.     

Interleaved ZVS Converter With Ripple-Current Cancellation

In this paper, an interleaved soft-switching converter with ripple-current cancellation is presented to achieve zero- voltage-switching (ZVS) turn-on and load current sharing. In order to achieve ZVS turn-on, an active snubber is connected in parallel with the primary winding of the transformer. The energy stored in the transformer leakage inductance and magnetizing inductance can be recovered so that the peak voltage stress of switching devices is limited. The resonance at the transition interval is used to realize ZVS turn-on of all switches. In order to achieve three-level pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) scheme, an addition fast-recovery diode is used in the converter. Three-level PWM scheme can reduce the ac ripple current on the output inductor such that the output inductor can be reduced. The current-doubler rectifier is adopted in the secondary side of the transformer to reduce the transformer secondary-winding current and output voltage ripple by canceling the current ripple of two output inductors. The output voltage is controlled at the desired value using the interleaved PWM scheme. These features make the proposed converter suitable for the dc-dc converter with high output current. The operation principles, steady state analysis, and design equations of the proposed converter are provided in detail. Finally, experiments based on a 600-W (12 V/50 A) prototype are provided to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed converter.