Ka 波段主动成像宽带收发前端的研制

以毫米波成像应用为背景,研制了一种用于Ka波段主动成像系统的宽带收发前端。采用结构紧凑的自差式结构,降低系统成本并使其具有较高的可靠性;分析影响成像系统的动态范围和分辨率的因素,选择并设计宽频带毫米波源、低插损带通滤波器和平面缝隙天线等关键电路,使前端具有足够的输出功率和良好的杂散抑制,在31～36GHz的频带内,收发前端的输出功率大于10.4dBm,杂散抑制大于25dBc。对金属目标的成像实验结果表明,前端的方位向和距离向的分辨能力小于8cm,初步满足了主动成像的要求。     

微波毫米波平面共口径天线北大核心CSCD

随着无线通讯和雷达成像等现代无线系统的迅速发展和广泛应用,人们对系统前端的天线提出了更多的需求。共口径天线将多种不同频带或不同功能的天线集成在同一口径,通过在有限口径内对天线单元进行合理布局,显著提高空间利用效率,并在不同天线之间实现高隔离,确保各天线独立工作。根据辐射口径分布情况,共口径天线设计方法可以分为:嵌套技术、交错技术和复用技术。与立体型共口径天线相比,平面共口径天线具有尺寸小、重量轻、成本低、易于集成等优点。本文介绍了微波毫米波平面共口径天线的研究现状,重点介绍了基于交错技术和复用技术的毫米波平面共口径天线,并对共口径天线技术的发展进行了展望。     

平面带隙结构在微波和毫米波集成电路中的应用

介绍了平面带隙结构在微波集成电路应用方面的最新进展。光子带隙(PBG)结构是具有带阻特性的周期结构,最初应用于光学领域,后来扩展到其他领域。目前从可见光到红外都有研究,在微波和毫米波频段也有应用。PBG结构可以采用金属、介质、铁磁或铁电物质植入衬底材料,或者直接由各种材料周期性排列而成。目前国内外所提出的光子带隙结构多种多样,一维和二维的平面带隙结构由于易于实现且便于集成,因而在微波毫米波集成电路中得到了广泛的应用。     

Hybrid integration technology of planar circuits and NRD-guide forcost-effective microwave and millimeter-wave applications

An architecture called the hybrid planar/non-radiative-dielectric (NRD) waveguide integrated technology is proposed as a building block for constructing microwave and millimeter-wave circuits. This hybrid approach of integration offers a unique possibility of exploiting inherent complementary advantages of planar structures and NRD waveguides for low-cost wireless applications while eliminating the potential drawbacks associated with both dissimilar structures. Compared to the existing NRD-guide related technology, the proposed framework consists of relocated planar structures on the top and/or the bottom plates of an NRD-guide, sharing the common ground planes. Such a hybrid scheme is particularly suitable for millimeter-wave systems in which active devices can be made with the planar-line technique while passive components can be made with the NRD-guide technique. The two subsets of a complete functional system are interconnected through a class of aperture-based transitions which can be designed to have wide-band performance. In addition, the multichip module (MCM) technique is readily achieved under this proposed scheme. Experimental prototypes, including passive-component and active-device, based on the new hybrid technology presented in this paper, show that the novel hybrid technology promises to be useful in the design of future microwave and millimeter-wave circuits and systems     

基于光子学处理技术的被动毫米波成像

提出了一种采用电光调制和光子学处理技术的被动毫米波扫描成像方法.该成像方法中辐射计通过电光调制将毫米波信号转换到光波频率,采用光子学滤波器和光电探测器进行信息获取和处理.阐述了毫米波辐射信号光子学处理的工作原理,研究了器件参数对信号转换的影响,分析了该处理方法中系统的噪声特性.依据上述原理设计了一个基于光子学技术的机械...     

Packaging using microelectromechanical technologies and planarcomponents

A novel millimeter-wave packaging structure was developed in which a micromachined low-loss planar component and flip-chip devices were integrated on a silicon substrate. A low-loss planar filter was achieved on a 7-mm-square silicon substrate employing an inverted microstrip line and a unique resonator. High attenuation in the stopband was also obtained by introducing a pole control technique. Fabrication of a compact K-band receiver front-end incorporating a built-in filter was realized using multilayered benzocyclobutene (BCB) and flip-chip bonding techniques. Furthermore, we propose an alternative BCB suspended structure and demonstrate a planar antenna for Ka-band applications. These technologies bring to reality high-performance compact packaged systems in millimeter-wave region applications     

Design of Cylindrical Conformal Millimeter-Wave Microstrip Antennas with Broad Beamwidth

This paper describes the design of a novel cylindrical millimeter-wave microstrip antenna (MA) with broad beamwidth by means of isotropic transformation (IT). A planar millimeter-wave antenna with broad beamwidth is designed first, and then IT is used to design a conformal one based on the planar structure. In addition, phased array with eight present elements has been designed as an example. Finally, numerical results are given to show that the present antenna possesses broad beamwidth and its array is of large scanning angle, which also verify the validity of the method of IT.     

毫米波合成孔径雷达的发展及其应用

分析了毫米波SAR高分辨成像的基本原理,阐述了毫米波SAR的优点,并结合目前国际上典型的毫米波SAR系统,综述了毫米波SAR技术与系统的发展状况,讨论了毫米波SAR的应用前景、存在的问题以及未来的发展趋势.     

利用卷积神经网络进行毫米波图像违禁物体定位

随着毫米波器件的成熟,毫米波成像雷达已经应用于人体安检.但毫米波图像中违禁物体的定位仍然是一个艰巨的任务,这极大地限制了毫米波成像雷达的应用.文章将卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)应用于毫米波图像,自动定位毫米波图像中的违禁物体,如枪、刀等.利用滑动窗口在输入图像上滑动,并通过CNN得到各个子图块存在违禁物体的概率.图像块是相互交叠的,将各子图块的概率值累积起来,得到概率累积图.概率累计图反映了违禁物体的位置.由于CNN和概率累积图的应用,在实验中,该方法获得了很高的定位准确率,验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于交流辐射计的被动毫米波成像研究

不同于传统的直流辐射计成像,在国内首次将结构简单的交流辐射计用于毫米波被动成像.在讨论交流辐射计的特殊结构与能量频谱基础上,分析了交流辐射计成像解读与补偿机制,针对不同的应用背景如安全检查进行了大量的室外室内成像实验.3mm波段交流辐射计成像的结果表明:交流辐射计成像具有自己的特色,可获得类似直流成像的效果,并且易于集成实现焦平面阵列成像.     

Millimeter-wave point-contact and junction diodes

Millimeter-wave "point-contact" diodes are classed as conventional point-contact diodes (and modifications on them), which depend primarily upon a point-contact metal-semiconductor junction for their rectification properties; or as junction diodes with point-contact geometry, which are small-area millimeter-wave adaptations of the p-n junction diodes, normally made for use at lower frequencies by alloying, diffusion and other techniques. In a general way, techniques used in the fabrication of these various diodes are described; then the uses to which they have been put is detailed, and the best reported performance characteristics in various millimeter-wave applications are compared. Emphasis is put on demonstrated performance, but highly experimental and tentative laboratory results are freely quoted. Included are discussions of 1) conventional point-contact diodes of various semiconductors; 2) diodes having point-contact geometry but exhibiting electrical properties approximating those of alloyed and diffused p-n junctions, diodes made by planar techniques, a "thermoelectric effect hot carrier" diode, point-contact photodetectors and photoemitters; and 3) a millimeter-wave avalanche transit-time oscillator diode. The use of these diodes as millimeter-wave detectors, amplifiers, oscillators, harmonic generators, and modulators is considered.     

Substrate-Integrated-Waveguide Circulators Suitable for Millimeter-Wave Integration

Over the years, many millimeter-wave circulator techniques have been presented, such as nonradiative dielectric and fin-line circulators. Although excellent results have been demonstrated in the literature, their proliferation in commercial devices has been hindered by complex assembly cost. This paper presents a study of substrate-integrated millimeter-wave degree-2 circulators. Although the substrate integrated-circuits technique may be applied to virtually any planar transmission medium, the one adopted in this paper is the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). Two design configurations are possible: a planar one that is suitable for thin substrate materials and a turnstile one for thicker substrate materials. The turnstile circulator is ideal for systems where the conductor losses associated with the thin SIW cannot be tolerated. The design methodology adopted in this paper is to characterize the complex gyrator circuit as a preamble to design. This is done via a commercial finite-element package.     

A 60-GHz point-to-multipoint millimeter-wave fiber-radio communication system

A 60-GHz point-to-multipoint wireless access link with data rate of 156 Mb/s incorporating 60-GHz transceiver modules and full-duplex fiber-optic millimeter-wave transmission is developed for short-range applications such as indoor wireless local area networks and intelligent transport systems. For compact system configuration, a small-size millimeter-wave transceiver module with planar antennas is developed. The transceiver module is based on broadband planar integration and packaging of millimeter-wave circuits. The RF output power is +10 dBm and the measured 3-dB antenna beamwidth is 30/spl deg/. The total size of the developed 60-GHz transceiver module, except input and output connectors, is 50 mm /spl times/ 75 mm /spl times/ 35 mm. A point-to-point full duplex fiber-optic configuration is extended to the scheme with multiple access points (APs) by using a tree coupler and a dense wavelength division multiplexing multiplexer. The AP has a simple configuration without frequency conversion. The bit error rate and packet error rate performances of the 60-GHz fiber-radio access link are evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of the extension to the scheme with multiple APs is investigated.     

Whispering-Gallery Modes of Dielectric Structures: Applications to Millimeter-Wave Bandstop Filters

The purpose of this paper is to show the feasibility of millimeter-wave resonators utilizing whispering-gallery (WG) modes excited in planar and cylindrical dielectric structures. Measured resonant frequencies and quality factors in Ka- and W-bands are reported. Their applications to millimeter-wave integrated circuits are also dealt with. For this, a bandstop filter obtained by coupling two WG-mode dielectric resonators to a dielectric image guide is presented at about 35 GHz.     

毫米波雷达自适应门限点云成像方法研究

毫米波雷达作为一种重要的车载传感器,在自动驾驶领域得到了广泛地应用。近年来随着汽车智能化程度的提高,高质量雷达点云的生成受到了人们的极大关注。传统毫米波雷达点云成像由于存在杂波点太多、有效点云稀疏等缺点而限制了其在自动驾驶领域的发展。因此,如何提高毫米波雷达点云密度和质量成为了业界研究的重点问题。近年来,随着多输入多输出（MIMO）技术以及控制多片级联同步技术的成熟,使得毫米波雷达天线的角度分辨率得到了极大提升,推动了毫米波雷达在点云成像上的发展。在此基础上,本文设计了一套完整的毫米波雷达系统级点云成像算法,并使用TI公司的AWR2243级联雷达开发套件对实际场景进行数据采集,生成了较为致密可信的毫米波雷达三维点云图像,基本实现了对车载平台侧面场景的有效还原。     

主动毫米波成像技术在公共安全领域中的应用分析

主动毫米波可以透过衣物、塑料等对金属、毒品、爆炸物以及陶瓷刀等多数危险物品进行全息三维成像。与X射线检查仪相比,主动毫米波几乎没有任何辐射,不会对生物组织造成危害。目前,欧美的机场及主要场所已大量部署了主动毫米波成像设备,以代替原有的金属探测门及X射线成像仪。随着我国国家影响力的日益提高,主动毫米波技术在国内公共安全领域必将拥有更大的应用前景。     

Millimeter-wave active imaging using neural networks for signal processing

A neural network has been successfully implemented in an active-mode millimeter-wave (60 GHz) imaging system with a Yagi-Uda antenna array in order to recognize objects and reconstruct images that appear distorted under coherent millimeter-wave illumination. With 10 /spl times/ 10 sampling points and five teaching trials, a recognition rate of 98% has been obtained for ten dissimilar alphabetical letters used as objects. The success rate of reconstruction of distorted millimeter-wave images was 80% when five dissimilar letters were used for the reconstruction. The recognition rate after changing the spatial resolution of the optical system and sampling interval of the image is also discussed.     

Dielectric resonators suitable for use in planar integratedcircuits at short millimeter wavelengths

Experimental results are presented of planar whispering-gallery-mode dielectric resonators. The three-dimensional field pattern obtained by using finite-element techniques as well as measured resonant frequencies and quality factors carried out in the Ka (26.5-40 GHz) and 90-100-GHz bands is presented. The application to millimeter-wave components is discussed     

A planar wideband 80-200 GHz subharmonic receiver

A wideband planar subharmonic mixer has been designed for millimeter-wave operation. The receiver consists of a back-to-back Schottky-diode pair integrated at the base of a wideband log-periodic antenna and placed on a silicon lens. The wideband planar receiver results in state-of-the art-performance at 90 GHz (and 182 GHz) with a double-sideband conversion loss and noise temperature of 6.7 dB (and 8.5 dB) and 1080 K (and 1820 K), respectively. These results are about 3 dB higher than the results for best tuned waveguide subharmonic mixers using planar diodes. The design is well suited for higher frequencies (up to 1 THz) and for the inclusion of biased back-to-back planar diodes to ease the LO power requirements. The planar subharmonic approach results in an inexpensive wideband receiver, and the design can be easily extended to receiver arrays