Ti811表面Ni基激光熔覆层显微组织及摩擦磨损性能的研究

目的通过激光熔覆技术在Ti811钛合金表面制备Ni基复合涂层,以改善其摩擦磨损性能。方法采用同轴送粉激光熔覆技术在钛合金表面制备Ni45+WC+Y2O3多道搭接激光熔覆层,运用XRD、SEM、EDS分析熔覆层微观组织及相组成,运用Bramfitt二维点阵错配度理论,计算低指数晶面间二维错配度,分析复合相结构。采用显微硬度计测试熔覆层显微硬度值,通过摩擦磨损试验机测试基材和熔覆层的摩擦磨损性能,采用白光非接触式轮廓仪测量基材和熔覆层磨损体积,结合磨损表面形貌,分析熔覆层磨损机制。结果熔覆层生成相主要包括Ti2Ni、Ti B2、Ti C、α-Ti以及Ti C依附于Ti B2的复合生长相。复合相中,Ti B2(0001)晶面与Ti C(111)晶面受热膨胀影响的二维点阵错配度δ=0.907%,满足晶格界面共格原则,Ti B2可有效作为Ti C的异质形核基底。熔覆层显微硬度值约为1050～1100HV0.5,摩擦系数约为0.42,磨损体积为4.07×107μm3,磨损率为3.0×10–4mm3/(N·m),磨损机制是以磨粒磨损为主,粘着磨损为辅的混合磨损机制。结论与基材对比,熔覆层显微硬度值提高约2.5倍,摩擦系数和磨损率分别降低约35%和36%,熔覆层摩擦磨损性能显著提高。     

H13钢激光熔覆TiC/Ni合金复合涂层的组织与耐磨性北大核心CSCD

为提高H13模具钢的耐磨性能,利用激光熔覆技术,在H13钢表面制备了不同Ti C含量的Ti C/Ni基合金复合涂层,通过显微组织观察、硬度测试、滑动摩擦磨损试验方法对H13钢表面激光熔覆的不同复合涂层的组织及耐磨性能进行分析测试。结果表明,Ni60+Ti C激光熔覆涂层中物相主要为γ-(Fe,Ni)、Fe3C、Cr23C6、Ni2Si及Ti C,激光熔覆层具有较高显微硬度,Ti C的加入及含量增加可使熔覆层组织细化,复合熔覆层硬度提高,Ti C含量为30%时熔覆层内平均硬度最大,为873 HV0.2;激光熔覆Ti C+Ni60复合涂层的耐磨性显著高于H13钢基体,随Ti C含量增加而先增加后降低,Ti C含量20%耐磨性较佳;H13钢基体的磨损机制主要以犁削、切削为主,激光熔覆Ti C/Ni合金复合涂层以脆性剥落机制为主。     

H13钢激光熔覆TiC/Ni合金复合涂层的组织与耐磨性

为提高H13模具钢的耐磨性能,利用激光熔覆技术,在H13钢表面制备了不同Ti C含量的Ti C/Ni基合金复合涂层,通过显微组织观察、硬度测试、滑动摩擦磨损试验方法对H13钢表面激光熔覆的不同复合涂层的组织及耐磨性能进行分析测试。结果表明,Ni60+Ti C激光熔覆涂层中物相主要为γ-(Fe,Ni)、Fe3C、Cr23C6、Ni2Si及Ti C,激光熔覆层具有较高显微硬度,Ti C的加入及含量增加可使熔覆层组织细化,复合熔覆层硬度提高,Ti C含量为30%时熔覆层内平均硬度最大,为873 HV0.2;激光熔覆Ti C+Ni60复合涂层的耐磨性显著高于H13钢基体,随Ti C含量增加而先增加后降低,Ti C含量20%耐磨性较佳;H13钢基体的磨损机制主要以犁削、切削为主,激光熔覆Ti C/Ni合金复合涂层以脆性剥落机制为主。     

钛合金表面激光熔覆Ti/Ni+Si3N4/ZrO2复合涂层组织与性能研究

目的 提高TA15合金的表面硬度,改善其耐磨性能.方法 以Ti/Ni+Si3 N4/ZrO2混合粉末为原料,利用激光熔覆技术,在TA15钛合金表面制备出以ZrO2颗粒和原位生成Ti5 Si3、TiN为增强相,以金属化合物TiNi、Ti2 Ni为基体的复合涂层.采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及能谱仪等手段分析激光熔覆涂层的显微组织及磨损表面,通过硬度测试、摩擦磨损实验,对熔覆层的显微硬度和耐磨性进行评估.结果 熔覆层与基体形成了良好的冶金结合,熔覆层组织中TiNi和Ti2 Ni金属化合物基体上弥散分布着Ti5 Si3、TiN树枝晶和ZrO2颗粒;与不含ZrO2熔覆层相比,含有ZrO2熔覆层组织的晶粒得到细化;熔覆层中原位生成的TiN桥接在裂纹上,具有增韧的作用;熔覆层的显微硬度分布在835~1050 HV区间内,约为基体硬度的3倍左右;在干滑动摩擦磨损下,熔覆层的磨损量约为钛合金基体磨损量的1/6,其主要磨损机制为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损.结论 熔覆层中高硬度、耐磨陶瓷相和高韧性相的共同配合,显著提高了钛合金表面的硬度和耐磨性.     

TiC对激光熔覆TiC-Ti-Al涂层结构与性能的影响

为了研究Ti C对激光熔覆涂层结构与性能的影响,运用激光熔覆技术在Ti Al合金表面制备Ti-Al-Ti C涂层,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、XRD、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机对所制备涂层的显微组织、物相及成分、显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能等进行了测试。结果表明:在含有20%微米级Ti C的激光熔覆层(A涂层)内,增强相Ti C生长较为发达,整体呈树枝状形态,枝晶生长方向较为杂乱,熔覆质量较差;而在含有10%纳米级Ti C的激光熔覆层(B涂层)内,增强相Ti C的形貌为颗粒状和长条状,在熔覆层内分布较均匀,生长方向较规律;在含有20%纳米级Ti C的激光熔覆层(C涂层)内,增强相Ti C的形貌主要为颗粒状和细杆状,熔覆层内组织生长发达,致密,熔覆质量较好。添加纳米级Ti C的涂层在显微硬度和耐磨性上优于添加微米级Ti C的涂层,涂层中纳米Ti C含量由10%上升到20%时,涂层显微硬度和耐磨性均有明显提高。     

Ti6Al4V表面激光熔覆原位自生TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料及摩擦磨损性能

以Ti,Cr3C2混合粉末作为预置合金涂层,采用YAG固体激光器进行激光熔覆处理,在Ti6Al4V合金表面制备出原位自生TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料涂层,实验结果表明,采用合适的合金粉末成分和激光辐照能量密度,可以获得增强相TiC弥散分布的钛基复合材料熔覆层,熔覆层结晶致密,且与复合材料基体润湿性良好,熔覆层复合材料的基体组织随预置合金粉末成分的改变而变化,摩擦磨损实验结果表明,原位自生TiC/Ti复合材料熔覆层可明显改善Ti6Al4V合金的表面硬度和摩擦磨损性能。     

扫描速度对Ti811合金激光熔覆涂层组织与性能的影响

目的 研究激光扫描速度对激光熔覆层组织与性能的影响。方法 采用通快TRUMPF Laser TruDisk 4002光纤激光器,在扫描速度分别为300、400、500 mm/min时,制备激光熔覆Ni基增强涂层,利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱分析仪（EDS）分析了熔覆层的微观组织和物相组成,利用显微硬度计及摩擦磨损试验机测试了熔覆层的显微硬度和耐磨损性能。结果 熔覆层主要由TiC、TiB2、Ti2Ni及γ-Ni等物相组成。随着扫描速度的增加,Ti811基材烧损程度逐渐减弱,熔覆层宽度W、高度H、基体熔深h及稀释率λ均逐渐减小。当扫描速度为500 mm/min时,熔覆层组织明显细化,平均显微硬度可达920HV0.5,超过基体硬度的2倍。扫描速度为300、400、500 mm/min时,熔覆层的平均摩擦系数分别为0.45、0.40、0.38,平均磨损量为2.1、1.7、1.4 mg。结论 采用激光熔覆技术能够在Ti811表面成功制备Ni基复合增强涂层。选择适当的激光扫描速度可以改善熔覆层显微组织,当激光扫描速度为500 mm/min时,熔覆层晶粒细小,组织分布致密均匀,显微硬度与耐磨损性能显著提高。     

激光熔覆Y_2O_3-TiB增强钛基涂层摩擦磨损性能研究

采用激光熔覆快速非平衡合成法制备了原位反应合成Y_2O_3-TiB增强钛基复合材料。采用Y_2O_3、Ti和B的混合粉末在Ti-6Al-4V基体表面激光熔覆制得Y_2O_3-TiB/Ti复合涂层。采用形貌观察、硬度和摩擦磨损测试等方法研究了复合涂层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:熔覆层的硬度为基体材料的2~3倍,添加1%Y_2O_3的激光熔覆涂层硬度和摩擦磨损性较好。     

塑料模具钢表面激光熔覆WxC/Ni基合金涂层的组织及性能

采用TJ-HL-5000横流CO2连续激光器在2738塑料模具钢表面制备了WxC/Ni基合金涂层.利用金相显微镜、SEM、EDS、XRD、显微硬度计以及摩擦磨损试验机等检测设备研究了激光熔覆涂层组织及性能.XRD分析结果表明,熔覆层的主要物相有γ-Ni、W2C、WC、M23C6(M=Cr,Ni,Mo,W)、NiCr和Cr2O3等.金相显微镜、SEM和EDS分析结果表明,结合区为良好冶金结合,结合区为FeNiCrW合金,厚度为20 μm左右;基体对熔覆层合金的稀释度很低;熔覆层从界面向外依次分布着平面晶区、细等轴晶区、粗树枝晶区以及表面细晶区.显微硬度计结果表明,熔覆层的硬度值平均约900 HV1,是基体硬度的2.8倍左右.摩擦磨损试验结果表明,与基体相比熔覆层的耐磨性有了很大提高.     

纳米Y2O3-Co基合金激光熔覆复合涂层的分析

采用纳米Y2O3和Co基合金粉末,并利用激光表面熔覆技术和堆焊技术在Ni基合金基体上制备了纳米Y2O3-Co基合金复合涂层.运用扫描电镜(SEM)等测试方法,研究了复合涂层的显微组织和显微硬度,通过磨损试验和腐蚀试验分析了激光熔覆涂层和单一堆焊层的耐磨性和耐蚀性.结果表明,激光熔覆层显微组织由熔合区、细等轴状枝晶区及粗枝晶区构成;激光熔覆层的显微硬度由堆焊层的512.8 HV提高到868.9HV;激光熔覆层的耐磨性提高了51.2倍,40 min磨损量由堆焊层的25.6 mg降低到激光熔覆层的0.5 mg;激光熔覆层在10%HCl、10% HNO3和10% NaOH中的耐腐蚀性均比堆焊表面有明显改善.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.