基于认知地图理论的墨西哥城地铁导视系统设计研究

目的 以认知地图理论的研究视角出发,通过墨西哥城地铁导视系统设计个案研究,提出地铁空间导视系统设计方法.方法 分别从墨西哥城地铁路线图设计、导视系统节点与道路设计、地面景观标志物引入站点标志3个方面,分析地铁寻路者的认知识别心理规律.结论 地铁路线图设计应当与认知地图相契合,呈现出高度简化与概括的地铁路线方位信息的可视化特点.地铁导视系统设计的关键是节点选择及其信息分级设计,节点"由点及线"串连起了各个地铁通道,与标志物一起形成了完整的认知地图.墨西哥城地铁导视系统的显著特色是将地面景观标志物引入地下站点标志,变成了认知地图的记忆节点、判断方向和距离的参照点,创造性地解决了地铁空间寻路的难题.     

信息加工视角下地铁导视系统设计策略研究

目的 对地铁导视系统设计现状进行梳理,旨在从信息加工视角出发,探究地铁导视系统设计策略,以提升乘客的寻路体验。方法 通过文献和现状调研分析现阶段地铁导视系统设计存在的问题,论述信息加工模型切入的可行性,构建地铁导视信息加工模型。以武汉地铁为例,通过定性和定量对当前导视系统效力进行评估并确定痛点,基于模型从感知处理、记忆储存、决策执行三个层面对地铁导视系统痛点进行分类分析。结论 构建了地铁导视信息加工模型,提出了以感知为基础的表现层设计、以记忆为依托的结构层设计、以决策为主线的行为层设计三条策略。从信息加工视角审视地铁导视系统设计,不仅可以提升乘客的寻路体验,还能有效提高地铁系统的整体运行效率。     

基于具身认知的就医导视系统适老化设计研究

目的 从具身认知视角探索就医导视系统界面适老化设计,优化界面可用性,提升老年用户的交互体验。方法 引入具身认知理论,归纳总结具身交互特征,从功能目的、交互行为和情绪表现三个层面提炼产品界面适老化设计要素;调研老年用户就医导视系统交互过程中的使用体验与具身认知行为,绘制用户体验地图挖掘老年用户痛点,基于适老化设计要素解析得到用户具身认知需求并推出界面设计需求;结合就医导视系统设计层级,从“情境化”的功能流程、“生动化”的交互体验和“专注化”的情绪体验等方面提出基于具身认知的交互界面适老化设计策略;展开就医导视系统适老化设计实践,以验证该适老化设计方法有效性。结论 身体体验、心智模型及身体与环境的交互行为是影响认知理解的重要因素,老年用户在短期记忆、信息分析和决策力等方面的认知能力有所退化。因此,基于具身认知视角建立的交互设计方式,为适老化设计提升用户体验提供了一种可行的策略。     

北京地铁导视系统设计中的交互设计思考

目的研究和改进北京地铁导视系统的交互设计。方法通过交互设计的思维和方法,对北京地铁的主要用户在使用现有以平面标识设计为主的导视系统中存在的问题进行了分析,论述了其中存在的用户需求矛盾,以及交互设计深层理论中的"认知摩擦"问题。结论针对这些问题,提出了利用北京现有地铁的数字化设施进行改造,或将用户手中的智能手机结合地铁站内无线局域网,构建交互式数字导乘系统的设计思路。     

基于用户行为智能观测的导视系统设计

目的运用传感器与机器学习算法对不同文化背景的老年用户在地铁站内的寻路行为特征进行研究,进而为提高地铁站内导视系统的通用化设计水平提供数量化与科学化决策支持。方法应用Zig Bee人体智能传感器模块,以异地访京和本地老年人为被试进行了高频度追踪数据采集试验,分析其在地铁站内的寻路行为与差异。结果构建了基于Zig Bee智能模块的行为观测研究方法。结论为老年人提供快捷且直观的导视信息,能够节约寻路过程中所消耗的脑力与体力,提高寻路体验兼顾社会公正。     

基于新媒体技术的“智慧景区”导视系统设计开发探索

目的 探讨新媒体在“智慧景区”导视系统中发挥的作用,将新媒体融入各部分导视并投入景区,使各层次受众获得更好的使用体验以及其对景区发展的帮助效果。方法 根据实际案例及调研数据,从“智慧景区”导视系统中新媒体的应用部分分析其对景区的改善与用户的体验,基于导视系统交互性设计理念,着手挖掘智慧景区中视觉导视系统设计的内在逻辑并探索新型导视系统的前景,思考如何更全面的为受众带来人性化的设计使用体验。结论 新媒体与传统媒体相结合的导视系统设计理念,将导视系统的实用性与新媒体设计的艺术性相结合,并重视新媒体导视系统用户体验与景区诉求,最终能实现系统信息有效整合与传递,确保其功能性的表达,是未来导视设计发展的必然趋势。     

城市地铁导视系统服务设计策略研究——以上海地铁为例

上海地铁建成较早,其建设缺乏基于用户体验设计下的导视系统服务设计,致使乘客在接受上海地铁服务的全过程会遇到各种乘坐体验问题。上海地铁导视系统的设计研究有助于提升乘客的整体体验感,这不仅能提高上海地铁的服务质量,同时能提高全国的城市地铁乘坐体验。运用访谈法以及观察法对乘客乘坐行为进行分析,绘制行为地图以及对触点进行分析研究,总结三大触点目前存在物理触点缺乏规范、数字触点功能匮乏以及人际触点冗余单一的不足,得出全方位构建上海地铁导视系统、智能交互功能开发满足多元导视需求,以及人性化服务优化提升情感化导乘体验的设计策略思考。     

基于情感体验的儿童医院视觉导视系统设计研究

目的研究基于情感体验的儿童医院视觉导视系统设计,从情感体验的角度出发,改善儿童医院视觉导视系统,关注儿童患者在就医时的情感关怀。方法结合当前国外儿童医院导视设计的成功案例,从情感体验的3个层次,即本能层次、行为层次、反思层次分别进行情感体验的导视设计研究。结论情感化的导视系统设计是提升儿童在看病时情感需求的有效方式,从情感化的角度设计儿童医院导视系统,可以缓解儿童在就医时的恐惧感,为儿童医院导视系统的设计提供参考依据。     

老龄化背景下地铁智能导视系统的服务设计

目的逐渐形成一个老年人、外国人和正常人群融合一体的共生社会系统,借助科技手段,使导视信息直接产生与作用于老年人感官相对应的知觉经验,引导正确的寻路行为。方法构建可预测未来趋势的模型研究,该模型由确立问题领域、焦点小组、PEST卡片制作与分析、聚类分析、用户体验地图构建、评价的步骤组成,探讨了老年个人专属导视系统的服务设计思路。结果基于现有地铁的数字化设施进行改造,通过硬件面做到定点投放,产生热点交互并提供自适应功能,构建交互式数字导视系统的设计假设。结论为老年人提供快捷且直观的导视信息,能够节约寻路过程中所消耗的脑力与体力,针对"未备先老"的地铁导视系统现状,具有现实指导与推广价值。     

新媒介语境下的城市公共空间导视系统设计

目的研究新媒介技术在城市公共空间导视系统设计中的规律。方法通过新旧传播媒介的分析与对比研究,推导出新媒介语境下城市公共空间导视系统的基本特征、核心要素及设计规律,并进一步用案例验证。结论新媒介语境下的城市公共空间导视系统设计是数字信息化发展的必然趋势,交互性体验模式与创新性信息传达为城市品牌形象注入了新的生命力。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...