TiB2-SiC粉末喷雾造粒及其等离子喷涂沉积机理研究

利用喷雾干燥对TiB_2-SiC复合粉末进行造粒,研究了浆料固含量、粘结剂含量及SiC含量对喷雾干燥粉体颗粒形貌等的影响。采用大气等离子喷涂技术,以抛光的石墨为基体,在不同预热温度和不同喷距下对TiB_2-SiC粉末进行粒子收集,研究不同工艺参数对TiB_2-SiC粒子铺展形貌的影响,并制备了TiB_2-SiC涂层。结果表明:当浆料固含量为50%,粘结剂含量为5%,SiC含量为10%时,喷雾造粒获得球形度高、流动性好的TiB_2-SiC粉末;随着基体预热温度的升高,喷距的增大,扁平粒子的溅射逐渐减弱,形成规则的圆盘状粒子;在等离子焰流作用下,TiB_2-SiC粒子熔化加速并与基体发生碰撞,熔融粒子扁平化,急速冷却凝固,不断堆叠、搭接为宏观涂层。     

ZrB_2-SiC粉末与等离子射流场的相互作用

为了探究等离子喷涂制备ZrB_2-SiC涂层组织结构疏松、致密性差的原因,采用去离子水对经过射流场加热的粉体进行收集,对比前后粉体的组织结构特征以及物相变化。设计单颗粒沉积试验探究粉体的熔化状态以及变形颗粒的形貌特征,并与等离子喷涂制备涂层进行对应分析。结果表明,由于"涡流效应"使得经过等离子射流场的ZrB_2-SiC粉体与卷入的氧气发生反应,粉体出现轻微氧化现象。经过等离子射流场后,ZrB_2-SiC粉体呈现3种形貌特征:表面光滑型、表面多孔型、表面团聚型。其原因与等离子射流温度场非均匀性以及粉体的飞行路径有关。变形颗粒呈现与之相对应的3种形貌特征:熔化充分颗粒、团聚堆积颗粒、以及介于两者间的半熔融半疏松颗粒。共晶组织包裹的ZrB_2颗粒容易在涂层中形成致密区,而团聚堆积的ZrB_2和SiC颗粒是涂层形成疏松区的主要原因。     

射频等离子体制备球形钛粉

以不规则形状的大颗粒TiH2粉末为原料,采用射频等离子球化处理技术制备出微细球形Ti粉。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射和激光粒度分析测试方法对粉末形貌、物相和粒度进行测试。结果表明:大颗粒的TiH2粉末的脱氢分解、爆碎和球化处理在等离子体中一步完成,得到微细球形粉末。其相组成主要为Ti和残余TiH相;球形粉末在1.3×10-4Pa真空条件下,经750℃、2h脱氢处理后得到单相球形Ti粉。颗粒平均粒径由原来的100~150μm减小至20~50μm,球化率可达到100%。随着加料速率的增加,粉末的球化率降低。采用射频等离子体处理TiH2粉是制备微细球形钛粉的一种新方法。     

放电等离子法烧结制备SiC纳米管/ZrB2复合陶瓷的性能

以ZrB_2、SiC纳米管(SiCNTs)为主要原料,通过放电等离子法烧结制备了SiC纳米管/ZrB_2复合陶瓷。分析了SiC纳米管添加量对复合陶瓷的相对密度、微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:添加SiC纳米管可以有效增强ZrB_2陶瓷的力学性能;当SiC纳米管的添加量为1 mass%时,复合陶瓷的力学性能最佳,其抗弯强度为786.53 MPa,维氏硬度为21.58 GPa,断裂韧性为5.21 MPa·m~(1/2)。     

纳米SiC对BN-ZrO_2-SiC复相陶瓷结构与力学性能的影响

以h-BN、ZrO_2、SiC粉体为原料,添加8%(质量分数,下同)的A_2O_3-Y_2O_3为烧结助剂,采用放电等离子烧结技术快速制备了h-BN-ZrO_2-SiC复相陶瓷,研究了纳米SiC颗粒添加量对h-BN-ZrO_2-SiC复相陶瓷的致密化、显微结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明:添加纳米SiC颗粒能有效促进h-BN-ZrO_2-SiC复相陶瓷的烧结和提高其致密度,复相陶瓷的力学性能随SiC添加量的增大而增大,特别是弹性模量的增加比较显著。在添加25%的纳米SiC时复相陶瓷的力学性能较好,此时复相陶瓷的断裂韧性、抗弯强度和弹性模量分别达到3.24 MPa·m~(1/2)、268.4 MPa和115 GPa。其原因主要是由于细小的SiC颗粒能较好填充复相陶瓷中的空隙,减少相间由于热失配产生的残余应力,增大裂纹扩展时断裂能的消耗,起到晶界钉扎和弥散强化作用,这均有利于复相陶瓷断裂韧性和抗弯强度的提高。     

等离子球化制备球形CaF2/BaF2共晶粉末*

探究了使用大气等离子喷涂设备制备适合热喷涂使用的球形CaF2/BaF2共晶粉末的可能性。68%BaF2、32%CaF2粉末(质量分数)经过1 100℃真空烧结后,形成致密的块状氟化物共晶。机械破碎后的氟化物共晶经过等离子焰流重熔后得到了球形的氟化物共晶。使用F14-1流动性和松装密度测定仪测量球化前后粉末的流动性和松装密度。采用扫描电子显微镜,XRD表征球化前后粉末的形貌和物相组成。结果表明:球化后的粉末呈现较好的球形,球化后粉末的流动性和松装密度较球化前也有较大的改善:球化后共晶粉末的流动时间为55.20s/50g,松装密度为1.89g/cm3;另外,球化后共晶粉末还表现出良好的高温润滑性能:含有10%CaF2/BaF2共晶(质量分数)的镍基涂层在600℃和800℃的平均摩擦因数都小于0.3。     

原位SiC颗粒增强MoSi2基复合材料的显微组织和力学性能

本文研究了原位SiC颗粒增强MoSi2基复合材料的组织结构和力学性能结果表明复合材料的组织为t-MoSi2基体上均匀分布β-SiC等轴颗粒,数量很少的球形小孔隙主要分布在SiC颗粒内,SiC颗粒尺寸为2-5μm.复合材料界面为直接的原子结合,无非晶层存在.复合材料的室温维氏硬度、断裂韧性、抗压强度及高温流变应力明显高于单一MoSi2,随着SiC体积分数的增加,维氏硬度、断裂韧性及高温流变应力提高,而抗压强度先增加后减少SiC体积分数从10%增加到45%,KIC从4.34提高到5.71 MPa     

烧结因素对SPS制备单相ZrB_2陶瓷的影响

以粒径为15μm的ZrB_2粉末作为原料,在烧结温度1800℃、压力30 MPa条件下,采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备出单相ZrB_2陶瓷,并研究了不同加热速率和不同保温时间对ZrB_2陶瓷烧结体烧结行为、物相、微观结构、致密度及开、闭孔率的影响。采用XRD、FESEM分别分析了样品的相组成和微观形貌,采用阿基米德排水法测量了样品的致密度、开孔率和闭孔率。结果表明,加热速率和保温时间对ZrB_2陶瓷烧结体的物相、微观结构及致密度等影响显著,并得出加热速率150℃/min和保温时间5 min为最佳烧结工艺,所制备出的ZrB_2陶瓷烧结体纯度高、致密度为95.1%、开孔率为1.2%、闭孔率为3.7%。     

ZrB2陶瓷的自蔓延高温合成和热压烧结

采用自蔓延高温合成(SHS)技术研究了Zr-B2O3-Mg体系反应原料的不同粒度和掺量对反应产物的影响规律,并采用热压烧结方法烧结得到ZrB2陶瓷.先用XRD对材料的相组成进行了分析;再通过化学分析测定精确的相组成;由SHS研究装置测量燃烧温度;由SEM观察材料的显微结构;用排水法测定烧结体的密度.研究结果表明:Zr粉粒径为50μm和Mg过量15%(摩尔分数)时的反应体系是最理想的SHS反应体系,SHS产物粒径为2～5 μm.酸洗产物粒径为0.5～2 μm;其中含有ZrB2(94.59%,质量分数,下同),ZrO2(3.87%),H3BO3(1.54%).烧结体是单相的ZrB2陶瓷;粒径为2～10μm;相对密度为95.4%.     

C/C复合材料ZrB_2-SiC基陶瓷涂层的微观结构及氧化机理

为提高C/C复合材料在高温富氧环境中的抗氧化性能,采用两步刷涂+化学气相沉积法在C/C复合材料表面制备含Si_3N_4、MoSi_2、TaC等添加剂的ZrB_2-SiC基多层复合陶瓷涂层。利用XRD和SEM等分析测试手段研究涂层的物相组成和微观结构,并分析讨论涂层在900和1500℃的等温抗氧化机理。结果表明:利用两步刷涂+化学气相沉积法制备的ZrB_2-SiC基复合陶瓷涂层整体厚度约为200μm。Si3N4、MoSi_2可很好地促进ZrB_2-SiC基氧阻挡层的高温烧结,使涂层致密化,并提高涂层在900℃的抗氧化性能;与之相比,TaC则不能很好地发挥致密化作用,对涂层在900℃时抗氧化性能的提高有限。在900℃时,ZrB_2-SiC基陶瓷涂层的氧化过程主要受氧在涂层孔隙等缺陷中的扩散所控制,添加剂主要通过改变涂层的致密化程度来影响涂层的抗氧化性能。在1500℃氧化过程中,涂层抗氧化性能恶化,但致密的化学气相沉积SiC封填层的引入可显著改善涂层在1500℃时的抗氧化性能,涂层表面生成了完整的含有ZrO_2和ZrSiO_4等高熔点颗粒的SiO_2玻璃态氧化膜,为基体提供有效的氧化防护。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。