镁锆合金表面Ni-P非晶化学镀工艺研究

镁锆合金是一种轻质、高阻尼的新型合金,但耐蚀性极差.采用化学镀方法,系统研究了Mg-0.57Zr合金表面Ni-P非晶化学镀的预处理及施镀工艺.研究结果表明:1)采用复合酸洗,有利于提高镀层与基体的结合力、镀层的沉积均匀性和金属光泽度;2)直接化学镀镍比预浸锌后再化学镀镍的工艺方案,更利于提高镀速、降低镀层孔隙率;3)采用所推荐的化学镀工艺,获得了与基体结合力高、孔隙率低、耐蚀性较好的Ni-P非晶镀层,其平均镀速为11.44 μm/h,镀层硬度比合金基体提高10.7倍.     

镁合金酸性化学镀中化学镀Ni-Sn-P过渡层的结构与作用（英文）

将具有高耐蚀性的化学镀Ni-Sn-P三元合金过渡层应用于镁合金酸性化学镀镍过程。通过SEM和XRD对比研究传统碱性化学镀Ni-P过渡层与新型Ni-Sn-P过渡层的表面形貌和显微组织,并测试过渡层与AZ31镁合金之间的结合力。采用孔隙率、过渡层在p H=4.5的酸性化学镀镍溶液中的动电位极化曲线和电化学交流阻抗(EIS)以及10%HCl浸泡实验研究过渡层的耐蚀性。结果表明:过渡层对于直接在镁合金表面进行酸性化学镀Ni-P合金是必不可少的。在相同厚度(~6μm)条件下,与传统化学镀Ni-P过渡层相比,化学镀Ni-Sn-P过渡层的非晶化程度更高,表面平整致密,镀层无孔隙,结合力强,耐蚀性更高。最重要的是,以化学镀Ni-Sn-P为过渡层可以成功地在镁合金表面制备酸性化学镀Ni-P合金镀层。     

AZ91D镁合金化学复合镀Ni-P-ZrO2的工艺与性能

对镁合金传统化学镀工艺进行了改进,避免了使用氢氟酸和六价铬等有毒物质。采用化学镀与化学复合镀相结合方法,在AZ91D镁合金上获得了Ni-P-ZrO2纳米化学复合镀层,并研究了新工艺化学镀前处理和镍沉积机理及复合镀层的结构和性能。结果表明:新工艺方法获得的Ni-P镀层更均匀、致密,耐蚀性优于传统工艺化学镀层;Ni-P-ZrO2复合镀层与AZ91D合金基体在3.5%NaCl溶液中的动电位极化曲线对比表明,该复合镀层对镁合金可以起到明显的保护作用;从磨损实验结果可见,Ni-P镀层的磨损质量损失率几乎为Ni-P-ZrO2镀层的3倍,说明ZrO2纳米粉的加入能改善镀层的耐磨性。     

磷化处理对AZ63镁合金化学镀Ni-P的影响

为了提高AZ63镁合金表面化学Ni-P镀的质量,本文在AZ63镁合金表面分别进行了Mn系和Zn系磷化处理,然后进行化学镀Ni-P的研究,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)等测试方法分析镍磷镀层的形貌、成分、镍磷含量和耐蚀性得到以下结论:AZ63镁合金经Mn系或Zn系磷化处理后化学镀均可得到致密、厚度均匀的Ni-P镀层,Ni-P镀的速率达到25 um/h以上;Zn系磷化中间层化学Ni-P镀的镀速高于Mn系磷化中间层的化学Ni-P镀速。磷化处理的中间层主要影响Ni-P镀层的P的含量,非晶态结构,镀层硬度和耐蚀性;Ni-P镀层中P含量越低,耐蚀性越差。     

无铬转化膜预处理提高AZ91D镁合金化学镀Ni-P的腐蚀性能(英文)

在化学镀Ni-P层和AZ91D镁合金之间生成磷酸锰、单宁酸或钒转化膜预处理层,以取代传统的铬酸盐加氢氟酸预处理工艺。电化学测试结果表明:与传统的铬酸盐处理加化学镀相比,镁合金上的无铬转化膜加化学镀镍磷具有低的腐蚀电流密度和更正的腐蚀电位,能够减少基体上化学镀层的腐蚀。因此,镀层具有致密的细晶结构,适当的磷含量、低孔隙度和良好的耐蚀性并且和基体结合良好的涂层可以取代传统的铬酐钝化加化学镀的工艺。     

Zr-Al二元合金的表面预处理及化学镀Ni-P工艺

利用化学镀对铸态Zr-Al二元合金进行表面处理,在经过除油、酸洗、化学转化处理等预处理工序后,在化学镀液中施镀在合金表面生成Ni-P镀层。利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪对合金、化学转化膜以及化学镀层的组成及微观结构进行表征。结果表明:铸态Zr-Al合金由α相(α-Zr)和β相(Zr2Al)组成,其中基体为α相,β相沿晶界呈非连续分布;经锌系化学转化处理后合金表面形成以Zn3(PO4)2.H2O为主要成分的化学转化膜,该膜由细小的片状晶体颗粒密排堆积而成;在此基础上进行化学镀镍磷处理,在铸态Zr-Al合金表面得到Ni-P镀层,其表面颗粒均匀,无明显孔隙缺陷,结合紧密,镀层与基体结合良好。     

镁及其合金表面化学镀银工艺的研究

研究了镁合金表面化学镀银的工艺:利用涂膜及化学镀的方法对镁合金进行处理,即先在镁及其合金表面涂覆有机涂膜,然后再进行化学镀.工艺利用有机涂膜充当基体镁合金与镀层之间的中间层,使基体与镀层之间不直接接触,当化学镀进行时,镀层直接在中间层表面形成.虽然镁的化学活性高,但中间层的存在使化学镀银可以在镁及其合金表面实现.以AZ31镁合金轧板为基体,采用该工艺在其表面得到了理想的银镀层.通过SEM和XRD分析了银镀层的生长过程.十字切割法测量结果表明,涂膜与基体之间的结合力能满足使用要求.用极化曲线法研究了化学镀后试样在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,结果表明:化学镀后试样的自腐蚀电位明显正移,腐蚀电流远远小于基体,具有良好的耐蚀性.     

AZ91D镁合金低温快速化学镀Ni-P工艺的研究

采用化学镀方法,在AZ91D镁合金上沉积Ni-P镀层,研究了添加剂对镀层的影响.结果表明:未加添加剂时,沉积速度慢;加入添加剂后,镀层的沉积速度增加,65℃时只需30min就可获得无气孔或裂纹、具有“菜花状”结构的均匀完整的Ni-P镀层.XRD测试结果表明,沉积的Ni-P镀层为非晶态.镀层的耐蚀性实验结果表明,化学镀Ni-P镀层后,AZ91D镁合金的耐蚀性优于基体.     

PTFE/FC-4对镁合金化学复合镀的影响

采用化学镀方法,在AZ31镁合金上制备了Ni-P-PTFE(聚四氟乙烯)复合镀层,分析了镀液中PTFE、氟碳类阳离子表面活性剂FC-4含量和镀速三者的联动关系进行了研究。结果表明,所获得的Ni-P-PTFE镀层均匀、致密,耐蚀性与Ni-P镀层基本相当,对镁合金可以起到明显的保护作用;复合的PTFE颗粒起到了明显的润滑、减摩作用,PTFE颗粒的复合可以提高化学镀层的耐磨性。     

镁合金化学镀中预处理氟化镁膜的特征与作用

对镁合金的表面前处理工艺进行研究,探讨氟化镁在化学镀层中的存在形式及作用。结果表明：酸浸使镁合金表面形成一层氧化物膜;活化过程生成的氟化镁不具备反应活性,对镁合金基体有保护作用,使之免于受镀液的过度腐蚀;对化学镀层断口进行SEM元素分布分析显示氟化镁层集中存在于镁合金基体与Ni-P镀层之间;但过度活化会导致化学镀层孔隙率升高,以3.5%NaCl溶液为介质的动电位极化测试表明,过度活化会导致化学镀层耐蚀性下降。     

A novel dual nickel coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy

Magnesium alloys covered with metal coating display excellent corrosion resistance,wear resistance,conductivity and electromagnetic shielding properties.The electroless plating Ni-P as bottom layer following the electroplating nickel as surface layer on AZ91D magnesium alloy was investigated.The coating surface morphology was observed with SEM and the structure was analyzed with XRD.Electrochemical tests and salt spray tests were carried out to study the corrosion resistance.The experimental results indi...     

Corrosion of AZ91D magnesium alloy with a chemical conversion coating and electroless nickel layer

A chemical conversion treatment and an electroless nickel plating were applied to AZ91D alloy to improve its corrosion resistance. By conversion treatment in alkaline stannate solution, the corrosion resistance of the alloy was improved to some extent as verified by immersion test and potentiodynamic polarization test in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution at pH 7.0. X-ray diffraction patterns of the stannate treated AZ91D alloy showed the presence of MgSnO₃ · H₂O, and SEM images indicated a porous structure, which provided advantage for the adsorption during sensitisation treatment prior to electroless nickel plating. A nickel coating with high phosphorus content was successfully deposited on the chemical conversion coating pre-applied to AZ91D alloy. The presence of the conversion coating between the nickel coating and the substrate reduced the potential difference between them and enhanced the corrosion resistance of the alloy. An obvious passivation occurred for the nickel coating during anodic polarization in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution.     

Electroless Ni-P layer with a chromium-free pretreatment on AZ91D magnesium alloy

A phosphate-manganese conversion film was proposed as the pretreatment layer between Ni-P coating and AZ91D magnesium alloy substrate, to replace the traditional chromium oxide plus HF pretreatment. The subsequent Ni-P deposited on the layer was also characterized by its structure, morphology, microhardness and corrosion-resistance. The pretreatment layer on the substrate not only reduces the corrosion of magnesium during Ni-P plating process, but also reduces the potential difference between the matrix and the second phase. Thus, a Ni-P coating with fine and dense structure was obtained on the AZ91D magnesium alloy, which shows better corrosion resistance than the Ni-P with chromium oxide plus HF as pretreatment.     

Electroless Ni-Sn-P coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy and its corrosion resistance

An electroless Ni-Sn-P coating was deposited on AZ91D magnesium alloy in an alkaline-citrate-based bath where nickel sulphate and sodium stannate were used as metal ion sources and sodium hypophosphite was used as a reducing agent. The phase structure of the coating was amorphous. SEM and attached EDS observation revealed the presence of dense and uniform nodules in the ternary coating and the content of tin was 2.48wt.%. Both the electrochemical analysis and the immersion test in 10% HCl solution proved that the ternary Ni-Sn-P coating exhibited better corrosion resistance than the Ni-P coating in protecting the magnesium alloy substrate.     

镁合金无铬无氟前处理直接化学镀镍研究

采用磷酸为主要成分的溶液取代传统的铬酸加氢氟酸对镁合金进行活化处理,然后直接化学镀镍;用SEM/EDAX考察了无铬无氟前处理转化膜和化学镀镍沉积层的形貌、成分.结果表明,无铬无氟转化膜主要由磷酸镁组成,化学镀镍层表面较均匀、致密、无明显缺陷.经热处理后,镀层和基体的结合强度超过23 MPa.动电位极化测试结果表明,镀层体系的自腐蚀电位约为-0.36 V(SCE),有明显的钝化区间,对基体镁合金起到较好的防护作用.     

A new method for electroless Ni-P plating on AZ31 magnesium alloy

Coating Ni-P films on AZ31 magnesium alloys via electroless plating and organic coatings (organsilicon heat-resisting varnish), was studied. An organic coating was proposed as the interlayer between Ni-P coating and AZ31magnesium alloy substrate, to replace the traditional chromium oxide plus HF pretreatment. The Ni-P deposited on the interlayer was also characterized by its structure, morphology and corrosion-resistance. The interlayer on the substrate not only reduces the corrosion of magnesium during Ni-P plating process, but also reduces the potential difference between the matrix and the second phase. The result of the cross-cut test indicates the adhesion between the substrate and the interlayer is good enough. A Ni-P film with fine and dense structure was obtained on the AZ31 magnesium alloy. The electrochemical measurements show that the sample with Ni-P film exhibits lower corrosion current density and more positive corrosion potential than the substrate. Furthermore, the Ni-P coating on the AZ31 magnesium alloy exhibits high corrosion resistance in the rapid corrosion test illustrated in this paper. The method proposed in this work is environmentally friendly: no fluoride or hexacalent chromium compounds are used. In addition, it provides a new concept for plating the metals, which are considered difficult to plate due to high reactivity.     

Characterization of Electroless Ni-P Deposits on Surface of AZ91D Magnesium Alloy

Characterization of electroless nickel deposits on magnesium alloys was investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS)and electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization analysis.The result of XRD showed that the electroless nickel deposits on magnesium alloys were composed mostly of amorphous Ni-P and partially of microcrystalline nickel.The phosphorus content in the Ni-P deposits was 10.8%by the calculation of EDS.SEM micrographs showed that morphology of electroless nickel deposits on magnesium alloys was a typical cellular structure,and the growth of cellular structure was influenced by surface condition of substrate.Zinc layer between substrate and electroless nickel deposits was not found by the results of SEM and EDS,which indicated that the zinc layer on the surface of magnesium alloy was very thin,and the zinc would dissolved while being immersed in electroless nickel plating solution.The thin zinc layer was almost dissolved completely before Ni-P plating.The result of electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization analysis showed that the corrosion potential Ecorr of electroless nickel deposits in 3.5%NaCl solution was about-0.53 V,which was 1 V higher than that of magnesium alloys substrate.And corrosion current density of Ni-P deposits in 3.5%NaCl solution was much smaller than that of magnesium alloys substrate at the same potential value,which indicated that corrosion resistance of electroless Ni-P deposits was excellent.Discoloration time of concentrated nitric acid test for electroless nickel deposits on magnesium alloys was 445 s,which also indicated excellent corrosion resistance.     

镁合金表面化学镀 Ni-P 和 Ni-P-SiC 的对比

目的提高镁合金的耐磨性、耐蚀性,扩大其应用领域。方法采用"磷酸+钼酸铵酸洗→HF活化"的方法进行前处理,直接在AZ91D镁合金表面化学镀Ni-P合金镀层和Ni-P-SiC复合镀层。对两种镀层的表面和截面形貌、成分、结构、硬度、耐蚀性及耐磨性进行了系统比较。结果在Ni-P合金镀层中引入SiC粉末后,镀层的胞状颗粒细化,硬度提高至643HV,但其腐蚀电流密度有所增大。结论与Ni-P合金镀层相比,Ni-P-SiC复合镀层的耐蚀性有所下降,但耐磨性能大大提高。     

添加剂对AZ91D镁合金化学镀镍磷耐蚀性的影响研究

采用常温碱性超声波清洗、酸洗和活化的前处理工艺在AZ91D镁合金表面化学镀镍,研究了辅助络合剂氨基乙酸和加速剂巯基乙酸对镀层耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:镀层表面由Ni-P固溶体组成,呈现尖锐的晶态峰,磷原子与镍原子形成置换固溶体,表面平整致密,无明显缺陷。氨基乙酸含量对镀层耐蚀性和腐蚀速率影响不大,随着巯基乙酸含量的增加,镀层腐蚀电位先升高后降低,腐蚀速率整体比镁合金基体慢,镀层总体呈现钝化趋势,在4 g/L时腐蚀电位最高。