磨料水射流切割防暴弹的试验研究

针对前混合式磨料水射流切割防暴弹的过程,分析磨料水射流对装药的切割安全性,探讨射流参数的选取及工程化处废的可行性。根据弹性力学的固体接触理论,建立磨料水射流冲击弹体时的数学模型,从而选取射流出口压力等工艺参数。依据射流的冲击理论和装药的热感度及撞击感度,结合射流作用时的升温试验,分析证实在该射流参数下的冲击安全性。结果表明,以手投催泪(或发烟)弹、枪射催泪(或发烟)弹为代表的4种防暴弹,其试验结果与实例计算相吻合,切割安全可靠度不低于98.57%。该研究可为防暴弹的工程化处废提供理论依据和技术支持。     

前混合磨料水射流对HTPB推进剂的切割 工艺参数优化研究

利用前混合磨料水射流，对高、低两种燃速的HTPB推进剂开展切割试验，着重研究不同切割条件下工艺参数对切割效率的影响，进而为工艺参数优化提供理论依据。选取切割速度（v）、出口压力（p）、磨料浓度比（T）和靶距（L）4个工艺参数为主要影响因素，以最大切割深度（H）作为切割效率的衡量指标，分别通过单因素试验和正交试验进行分析，进而完成工艺参数的优化。试验结果表明，最大切割深度随切割速度的增加而减小，且单位时间内的切割面积存在最佳值；随着出口压力的增加，最大切割深度在特定范围内近似线性增加，并逐渐趋于平缓；磨料浓度比与靶距和最大切割深度均存在最佳对应关系。正交试验结果表明，切割速度对指标影响较为显著，靶距等3个工艺参数的影响相对较小。该研究可为前混合磨料水射流作为HTPB推进剂的工程化处废技术提供理论支持。     

高压磨料水射流切割破碎岩石的单轴力学特征研究EI北大核心CSCD

高压磨料水射流切割破碎后岩石的力学参数变化对于岩石的进一步破碎具有重要的影响。选取了砂岩、灰岩与花岗岩在水射流切割平台上开展了磨料射流冲击切割试验,对切割后的岩石进行CT扫描并重构岩石在不同冲击切割条件下的三维破碎形态,最后通过单轴压缩试验对比分析了岩石试件在磨料射流冲击切割前后的力学响应特征。研究结果表明:①在相同的射流参数条件下,岩石在磨料射流的移动切割下大多出现较为规整的缝槽形态,而定点冲击则出现孔洞破碎形态,前者比后者在岩石内部造成的损伤破碎程度更大;②磨料射流的冲击切割作用导致岩石试件在单轴压缩过程中出现折断型破碎形态的概率增加,且这种增加趋势随着切割长度的增加而愈加显著,但切割作用几乎不改变岩石试件的应力应变趋势;③岩石试件的单轴抗压强度与泊松比随切割长度与射流压力的增加呈现近似线性降低的趋势。该研究结果可为高压磨料水射流煤层割缝卸压的工程应用提供一定的理论指导。     

磨料水射流对脆性材料的冲蚀研究

磨料水射流技术作为一种特种加工技术，具有无刀具接触、无热影响区和加工范围广等优势，在众多领域得到应用。为了探究磨料水射流对脆性材料的冲蚀效果，构建和设计了磨料水射流外流场冲蚀仿真模型与磨料水射流冲蚀实验。以30 mm×50 mm的喷嘴外流场域为计算域，建立磨料水射流冲蚀仿真模型，并分析射流冲蚀过程中压力分布、水与磨料的速度分布及它们在射流中心线上的衰减规律。通过对氧化铝陶瓷材料的冲蚀实验，分析工艺参数对冲蚀孔径的影响，并结合仿真结果对比分析了射流束宽度与冲蚀孔径的关系。结果表明：水的速度随着喷嘴距离的增大而减小且分布范围变宽，射流宽度呈线性增大，磨料速度随喷嘴距离的增大而减小且分布范围基本不变；射流中心线上水的速度与磨料速度呈三段式衰减，水的第1段速度衰减段长度比磨料的长，但水的第2段速度衰减段长度比磨料的短；射流束能量的有效利用部分逐渐减小，但在15~25 mm的靶距范围内其有效利用部分较稳定，为40%；冲蚀孔径随喷嘴距离增大呈线性增大。研究结果为磨料水射流切割、铣削及抛光加工的参数选择提供实验依据，同时为磨料水射流加工过程仿真提供参考。     

基于SPH-FEM耦合算法的后混合磨料水射流冲击破岩数值模拟研究

采用SPH-FEM(smoothed particle hydrodynamics with finite element method)模拟了后混合磨料水射流在喷嘴中的混合过程,并研究了射流速度、磨料浓度以及岩石围压等因素对后混合磨料水射流破岩效果的影响规律。研究结果表明:在柱塞推动下,水与磨料在喷嘴的混合段、收敛段与直线段分别获得加速,最终磨料的速度可增加至纯水速度的80%;岩石破碎深度随射流速度呈近似线性增加,而破碎宽度随射流速度变化不大;磨料射流较纯水射流的破岩损伤更加明显,岩石的损伤随磨料浓度呈先增大后减小的趋势;岩石的破碎深度随着围压的增加呈近似线性减小的趋势。数值模拟结果与破岩实验现象基本吻合,该研究结果可为磨料水射流破岩的应用提供一定的理论支撑。     

微磨料浆体射流形成过程的能量传输

为了研究微磨料浆体射流形成的能量传输与转换,用碳化硅磨料对40CrMnMo7钢进行冲击,建立数学模型描述冲击力与射流压力、喷嘴效率、射流流量、水力功率等参数的相互影响,通过测量射冲击力、射流流量来预测射流系统的单位水力功率的出力状况。结果表明,该数学模型可以预测射流冲击力与水力功率之比,由系统压力模型计算的冲击力比实验结果小20%;在射流的滞止区内,压力与冲击力不呈线性关系,在相同压力下,磨料粒子具有更大的动能,微磨料浆体射流冲击力比纯水射流的大20%,单位水力功率提供的射流冲击力随着射流压力的增大而减小;射流冲击力随着喷嘴直径、射流压力的增大而增大,在靶距较小的情况下,冲击力随着靶距的增大而增大,当靶距达到一定值时,冲击力随着靶距的增大而减小。     

前混合磨料射流除锈技术的试验研究

介绍了前混合磨料射流发生装置，用该装置进行除锈、除氧化皮的试验结果，确定了合适的除锈参数。试验表明，前混合磨料射流技术是一种高效、低能耗的除锈技术。     

基于SPH-FEM耦合算法的磨料水射流破岩数值模拟

磨料水射流破岩是一个涉及诸多因素的非线性冲击动力学问题。针对磨料水射流破岩过程的复杂性以及有限元分析法在处理超大变形问题时存在的网格畸变问题,基于光滑粒子(SPH)耦合有限元(FEM)的方法模拟了磨料水射流破岩过程,并结合模拟结果分析了在磨料浓度30%不同速度磨料水射流作用下岩石的损伤范围。其中磨料水射流采用SPH算法模拟,并通过修改关键字文件实现水与磨料两种不同组分,岩石采用H-J-C累计损伤模型。研究表明:岩石冲蚀坑首先成漏斗状,随着冲蚀坑不断加深,最终形成"V"形剖面和圆形截面组成的"子弹"体;损伤值由冲蚀坑沿径向方向向外急剧减少,岩石的损伤半径与冲蚀坑半径随着射流速度减小而减小,两者之比在1.8-2.2之间。计算结果与相关文献基本吻合,为研究磨料水射流破岩提供一种研究的方法。     

增压式脉冲水射流破碎硬岩性能研究

为进一步提高脉冲水射流破岩能力,提出了一种增压式脉冲水射流发生方法,以低输入压力获取高脉动压力。为检验增压式脉冲水射流的破碎硬岩性能,搭建了增压式脉冲水射流破碎硬岩试验系统,开展破岩试验,并结合数值模拟获取的流场细节信息,分析了不同喷嘴直径、射流压力、靶距对增压式脉冲水射流破碎硬岩性能的影响规律。结果表明：增压式脉冲水射流的破碎硬岩性能随喷嘴直径增加先增大后减弱;随射流压力升高,射流轴心速度增大,但因气、液能量交换加剧导致的能量损耗增加,当前试验条件下射流压力为60 MPa时破岩效果最好;破碎体积在100 mm靶距达到峰值,而最大破碎深度对应的最优靶距为25 mm和75 mm,逐渐向喷嘴回移。研究结果对推动增压式脉冲水射流工程应用具有重要指导意义。     

钻孔水射流冲击破煤岩特性及机制研究EI北大核心CSCD

钻孔水射流增透技术是目前最具发展潜力的一类煤矿智能化瓦斯抽采技术,为了在智能化设计中明确技术参数,针对钻孔环境下水射流的冲击破煤岩特性和机制,分析了影响钻孔水射流破煤岩性能的关键参数,探讨了接触面形状对钻孔水射流破煤岩特性的影响规律,提出了水射流的多层级冲击破煤岩机制。研究结果表明:水射流冲击钻孔形成的破碎深度、破碎直径和破坏时长较冲击平面时分别浅43%、大30%和多1.3倍;水射流对煤岩体的破坏效果是外部射流冲击载荷(动载)和内部孔隙压力载荷(静载)共同作用结果;钻孔内水射流对煤岩体的破坏形式以动静载结合作用为主,射流冲击应力更易传导到煤岩体内部,造成更多裂隙通道,产生更优的卸压增透效果。     

Research on the Mechanism of Abrasive Particles Accelerated and a Cutting System of a Premixed Abrasive Jet

Forces acting on abrasive in the process of speeding up have been analyzed. Motion differential equation of abrasive in a pipeline and nozzle has been given,respectively. Mechanisms of abrasive particles accelerated in a premixed abrasive jet has been analyzed. The study shows that driven by high-pressure water,velocity of an abrasive is near to velocity of water in pipeline through the acceleration distance. In the taper section of a nozzle,water and abrasive particles are greatly accelerated at the same time. But velocity of an abrasive always lags behind velocity of water. A premixed abrasive jet cutting system has been introduced. The structure and working principles of the system have been given. The system is an assembly of abrasive screening and filling. By use of the premixed abrasive jet cutting system established,cutting experiments have been made to test the main parameters which influence the cutting performances such as working pressure,standoff and traverse velocity,and the nozzle diameter affecting cutting chink width.     

Measurement of Water Jet Velocity Distribution Using Laser Velocimetry

A laser Doppler velocimetry technique has been implemented in this work to evaluate the water jet velocity distribution in water jet and abrasive water jet cutting applications. Knowledge of the water jet velocity is fundamental to determine the system cutting efficiency; in particular, it allows us to experimentally determine the specific performance of the orifices employed in the cutting process.      

Investigation of process parameters influence in abrasive water jet cutting of D2 steel

In the present experimental study, abrasive water jet (AWJ) cutting tests were conducted on D2 steel by different jet impingement angles and abrasive mesh sizes. The experimental data was statistically analyzed using the simos–grey relational method and ANOVA test. In addition, the outcome of influencing cutting parameters, namely jet pressure, jet impingement angle, and abrasive mesh size on the different response parameters, namely, the jet penetration, material removal rate, taper ratio, roughness, and topography, were studied. Micro-hardness test and surface morphology analysis were employed to examine the D2 cut surfaces at different AWJ cutting conditions. The chemical element study was performed to determine the abrasive particle contamination in the AWJ kerf wall cut surfaces. The ANOVA test result indicated the jet pressure and jet impingement angle as the influencing process parameters affecting the various performance characteristics of AWJ cutting. The overall AWJ cutting performance of the D2 steel has been improved through proper identification of the optimal process parameter settings, namely jet pressure 225?MPa, abrasive mesh size #100, and jet impingement angle 70° by the simos–grey relational analysis.     

Numerical optimization of hole making in GFRP composite using abrasive water jet machining process

Machining of composite materials for the production of bolt holes is essential in the assembly of the structural frames in many industrial applications of glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP). Abrasive water jet cutting technology has been used in industry for such purposes. This technology has procured many overlapping applications and as the life of the joint in the assembled structure can be critically affected by the quality of the holes, so it is important for the industry to understand the application of the abrasive water jet cutting process on GFRP composite materials. The aim of the present work is to assess the influence of abrasive water jet machining parameters on the hole making process of woven-laminated GFRP material and to find the optimum values of the process parameters. Statistical approach was used to understand the effects of the predicted variables on the response variables. Analysis of variance was performed to isolate the effects of the parameters affecting the hole making in abrasive water jet cutting. The results show that the optimum values of cutting feed, fiber density, water jet pressure, standoff distance, and abrasive flow rate upon the response variables are 0.3 m/min, 0.82 g/cm³, 150 MPa, 2 mm, and 100 g/min, respectively.     

膨化高氯酸铵的制备及其性能研究

使用膨化剂在减压条件下制备出膨化高氯酸铵（AP）。利用扫描电镜、粒度分析仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、比表面积仪、差示扫描量热仪、热失重分析仪及感度仪分别对膨化AP进行形貌分析和性能测试。结果表明:膨化AP颗粒表面具有沟壑,内部具有孔洞结构,粒径D₅₀=22.559 μm;与未膨化的原料AP相比,膨化AP低温分解温度提高16.0 ℃,高温分解温度提高6.7 ℃,分解热提高322.3 J/g;比表面积增大92.2%,吸湿性增大;极限撞击能为10 J,撞击感度提高。制备AP/HTPB(端羟基聚丁二烯)和膨化AP/HTPB复合推进剂并测定其燃速,膨化AP/HTPB复合推进剂燃速提高4.1%。     

Surface integrity studies on abrasive water jet cutting of AISI D2 steel

This article investigates the 3D surface topography and 2D roughness profiles, and micrographs were analyzed in the abrasive water jet (AWJ) cutting of AISI D2 steel kerf wall cut surfaces by varying water jet pressures and jet impact angles. In 3D surface topography, roughness parameters such as Sq, Ssk, Sp, Sv, Sku, Sz, and Sa were improved by various jet impact angles with different water jet pressures. However, the roughness parameters Ssk and Sku strongly depend on the water jet pressure and jet impact angle. This is confirmed by kerf wall cut profile structures. Fine irregularities of peaks and valleys are found on the AWJ cut surfaces, as evident from 2D roughness profiles. The scanning electron microscope micrographs confirm the production of an upper zone not very much damaged and a lower striation free bottom zone, by using the jet impact angle of 70° with a water jet pressure of 200?MPa. Finally, the results indicate a jet impact angle of 70° maintaining the surface integrity of D2 steel better than normal jet impact angle of 90°. The results are useful in mating applications subjected to wear and friction. This has resulted in enhancement of the functionality of the AWJ machined D2 steel components.