基于FPGA的CRC算法和VHDL设计

信息在传递过程中虽然扩频技术有利于克服多径衰落以提高信息传输的质量,但信道中的加性干扰不能通过均衡等方法完全消除,因此在一个实用的通信系统中,必须采取一定的措施来纠正错误,降低系统的误码率,信道编码就是一种非常有效的措施。本文介绍了一种基于FPGA的CRC算法的实现方案,该算法适合于反向业务信道的信道编码,并给出了具体的设计方法。     

基于空时编码的分集技术

近年来,为了提高无线频谱的利用率,一些学者提出了一种结合分集发送、调制和编码的空时码。空时码是应用于无线通信中的一种新的编码和信号处理技术,它将信道编码技术与分集技术相结合,从而提高信号在无线衰落信道中传输的可靠性,采用这种技术以后,可以大幅度地提高无线通信系统的信息容量和传输速率,并能有效地提高抗噪声和抗干扰的能力。     

基于QR码的多图像关联成像算法光学加密机理研究

目的研究解决多图像的关联成像加密问题。方法采用双重QR编码处理,将多图像的关联成像加密问题转变为单个QR码图像的关联成像问题。结果 QR码作为关联成像的成像物体,能在远低于传统关联成像采样率的条件下重构出清晰的图像,实现信息的高质量恢复。结论在保证图像质量的情况下,该算法的安全性较高,能有效抵抗一定的噪声攻击和统计分析攻击,并极大地减少了加密系统对多图像的加密成本。     

一种个人语音水声通信系统的方案研究

提出了一种基于DSP实时处理的水下个人语音水声通信系统的设计方案,构建了通信系统的结构模型,方案中采用CELP码激励线性预测编码,差分MPSK调制,卷积信道编码,以及判决反馈均衡技术,并对其关键技术进行了性能仿真和分析比较.结果表明,该系统可满足语音信息在水下信道的传输,有良好的原始语音恢复性能,误码率在10-3以下,具有较好的开发潜力.     

低分辨率多描述编码图像的超分辨率重构

图像的高质量、低帧率传输有较广泛的应用.由于传输信道的不可靠、易丢包或误码等固有特性使传输图像降质甚至无法正常译码.本文对原图像亚采样后进行低分辨率多描述编码以增强传输鲁棒性,接收端再采用多幅解码图像超分辨率重构,可在相同信道条件下得到2～3 dB的PSNR增益.并且可以结合目前几乎所有的图像多描述编码技术和超分辨率重构算法,有很强的应用和推广价值.     

4G移动通信系统信道编码方案研究

针对4G移动通信系统逐渐成为继3G移动通信之后的又一研究热点,本论文对4G移动通信系统信道的编码设计进行了分析研究,首先简单介绍了4G移动通信技术的发展现状,在此基础上重点对4G移动通信系统的信道编码方案进行了设计,给出了上行通信信道编码的执行过程,并详细探讨了上行链路和下行链路数据传输的编码设计方案,对于进一步提高4G移动通信系统信道编码的有效性及通信传输的可靠性均具有一定借鉴意义。     

单载波频域判决反馈均衡水声通信技术研究

水声信道中多途干扰严重,由多途效应引起的码间干扰是影响水声通信系统的关键性因素。单载波频域均衡(Single-Carrier Frequency Domain Equalization,SC-FDE)技术基于正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)技术提出,能有效对抗水声信道中的多途干扰,同时能避免OFDM技术峰值平均功率比高的不足。文中先介绍判决反馈均衡算法,并与其他均衡算法的抗多途性能进行比较。然后为提高系统均衡的可靠性和水声信道带宽利用率,对传统数据帧结构进行改进。将独特字(Unique Words,UW)序列均分,提高水声信道估计的精度,进而降低误码率,增加传输的可靠性;增加数据帧中有用信息符号,系统误码性能几乎不变,水声信道频带有效利用率提高。最后开展水池试验,验证了算法的有效性和可靠性。     

谈通信系统中的信道编码技术

当调制好的信号在信道里进行传输的时候，必然要收到信道的影响。因此在一个实用的通信系统中，必须采取一定的措施来纠正错误，提高系统的误码率性能。信道编码就是一种非常有效的措施。     

第三代移动通信中语音传输的编码技术

1引言 信道编码技术是移动通信中提高系统传输数据可靠性的有效方法,主要是降低信号传播功率和解决信号在无线传播环境中不可避免的衰落问题.在第二代移动通信系统中应用卷积编码和交织,对保证话音和低速数据业务的业务质量(QoS)有很好的效果.第三代系统在第二代的基础上,所需提供的业务种类大大增加,这就对信道编码提出了更高的要求.但对于低速率的语音传输来说,仍然采用了卷积编码和交织.     

语音编码抗信道误码保护算法

为了提高在高误码率窄带无线信道下的合成语音质量,提出了一种信源信道联合编解码保护的语音编码抗误码算法。该算法在编码端利用编码后的冗余度进行BCH编码和奇偶校验以保护对语音合成质量影响较大的参数;在解码端对清浊音参数采用分支判决和改进的最大后验概率算法进行恢复,在浊音帧对线谱对（LSP）参数进行基于信源信道联合特性的线谱对参数差错后处理,在清音帧采用BCH解码和前向替代。该算法在不消耗任何额外带宽且无算法延时的条件下可以显著提高语音编码抗信道误码能力和恶劣信道条件下的合成语音质量。仿真实验显示,在较高信道误码率下平均谱失真降低了25％～36．1％,平均意见得分（MOS）提高了12．33％。     

Towards time-efficient ghost imaging

Reducing the time necessary to acquire information is highly desirable in almost every context. Ghost imaging is no exception, which is very time consuming due to its scanning nature and low light levels innate to quantum experiments. This work aimed to reduce the time required to reconstruct the image whilst maintaining quality. In doing so, we followed two complementary approaches: one varying the experimental parameters, and another implementing computational processing. We defined a performance measure based on the image reconstruction time and its resemblance to the original object, and determined that the use of image processing and recognition algorithms offers major improvements in temporal efficiency. Importantly, if the main purpose of imaging is solely object recognition, low resolution mask patterns give better results, whereas higher resolution patterns yield better resolved images, at the expense of time. We believe this work will pique interest in the ghost and single-pixel imaging communities.     

Efficient image compression techniques for compressing multimodal medical images using neural network radial basis function approach

Image compression technique is used to reduce the number of bits required in representing image, which helps to reduce the storage space and transmission cost. Image compression techniques are widely used in many applications especially, medical field. Large amount of medical image sequences are available in various hospitals and medical organizations. Large images can be compressed into smaller size images, so that the memory occupation of the image is considerably reduced. Image compression techniques are used to reduce the number of pixels in the input image, which is also used to reduce the broadcast and transmission cost in efficient form. This is capable by compressing different types of medical images giving better compression ratio (CR), low mean square error (MSE), bits per pixel (BPP), high peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), input image memory size and size of the compressed image, minimum memory requirement and computational time. The pixels and the other contents of the images are less variant during the compression process. This work outlines the different compression methods such as Huffman, fractal, neural network back propagation (NNBP) and neural network radial basis function (NNRBF) applied to medical images such as MR and CT images. Experimental results show that the NNRBF technique achieves a higher CR, BPP and PSNR, with less MSE on CT and MR images when compared with Huffman, fractal and NNBP techniques.     

基于焦点度量与模糊逻辑的多聚焦图像融合算法

目的为了使多聚焦灰度图像融合时保持源图像清晰信息,并有效抑制块效应和重影现象,基于3种不同聚焦测量与模糊推理系统,设计一种焦点度量与模糊逻辑的多聚焦灰度图像融合方案。方法首先,分别利用空间频率(SF)、改进的Laplacian能量和(SML),以及梯度和(SOG)计算输入灰度图像在像素邻域的局部焦点特征,并利用像素相关性改善对比度,从而得到SF,SML,SOG等3种聚焦度量。其次,根据SF与SML强度关系,建立焦点三态图,结合互补聚焦信息,并进行形态、中值滤波和一致性检查,消除狭窄的鸿沟和突起问题。然后,引入模糊逻辑算子,将每个图像像素的SF,SML图以及SOG作为模糊化的输入,通过模糊规则和去模糊器,生成每个图像的融合权重。最后,根据焦点权重执行加权融合,形成最后的融合图像。结果实验结果表明,与当前流行的融合方案相比,对于灰度图像,所提算法在融合性能上具有一定的优势,其融合图像具有更好的景深信息,避免了块效应与重影现象。结论所提算法具有良好的融合质量,能够有效提高灰度图像的分辨率,在图像处理领域具有一定的价值。     

Efficient secure channel coding based on quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check codes

A secure channel coding (joint encryption-channel coding) scheme provides both data security and reliability in one combined process to achieve faster processing and/or more efficient implementation. The issue of using quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes in a symmetric-key secure channel coding scheme is addressed. A set of this class of LDPC codes has recently been recommended by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for near-earth and deep-space communications. The proposed scheme provides an efficient error performance, an acceptable level of security and a low-complexity practicable implementation. The results indicate that the proposed scheme can efficiently employ large QC-LDPC codes to achieve a relatively smaller secret-key size to be exchanged by the sender and the receiver, and higher information rates in comparison with the previous symmetric-key McEliece-like schemes. Simulation results indicate that there is no trade-off between the error performance and the security level of the proposed scheme unlike that of the previous ones. These characteristics make the proposed scheme suitable for high-speed communications, such as satellite communication systems.     

Information metric as a design tool for optoelectronic imaging systems

The resolution of images acquired by a digital camera is limited to the camera's sampling interval. The images' visual quality is affected by the level of the degradations caused by the imaging process from acquisition to display, including quantization, coding, transmission, and digital filtering. The information metric is presented as a design and an assessment tool for high-resolution digital imaging systems and all their subsystems. It associates gains in the acquired information with improvements in resolution, sharpness, and clarity of the final image representation. It demonstrates the need to integrate a digital filtering module that accounts for the optoelectronic imaging degradations in the optoelectronic imaging design and assessment. It further demonstrates the metric's sensitivity by the assessment of the combined imaging processes as a unified system.     

Experimental study of an off-axis three mirror anastigmatic system with wavefront coding technology

Wavefront coding (WFC) is a kind of computational imaging technique that controls defocus and defocus related aberrations of optical systems by introducing a specially designed phase distribution to the pupil function. This technology has been applied in many imaging systems to improve performance and/or reduce cost. The application of WFC technology in an off-axis three mirror anastigmatic (TMA) system has been proposed, and the design and optimization of optics, the restoration of degraded images, and the manufacturing of wavefront coded elements have been researched in our previous work. In this paper, we describe the alignment, the imaging experiment, and the image restoration of the off-axis TMA system with WFC technology. The ideal wavefront map is set to be the system error of the interferometer to simplify the assembly, and the coefficients of certain Zernike polynomials are monitored to verify the result in the alignment process. A pinhole of 20 μm diameter and the third plate of WT1005-62 resolution patterns are selected as the targets in the imaging experiment. The comparison of the tail lengths of point spread functions is represented to show the invariance of the image quality in the extended depth of focus. The structure similarity is applied to estimate the relationship among the captured images with varying defocus. We conclude that the experiment results agree with the earlier theoretical analysis.     

Coverless Steganography for Digital Images Based on a Generative Model

In this paper, we propose a novel coverless image steganographic scheme based on a generative model. In our scheme, the secret image is first fed to the generative model database, to generate a meaning-normal and independent image different from the secret image. The generated image is then transmitted to the receiver and fed to the generative model database to generate another image visually the same as the secret image. Thus, we only need to transmit the meaning-normal image which is not related to the secret image, and we can achieve the same effect as the transmission of the secret image. This is the first time to propose the coverless image information steganographic scheme based on generative model, compared with the traditional image steganography. The transmitted image is not embedded with any information of the secret image in this method, therefore, can effectively resist steganalysis tools. Experimental results show that our scheme has high capacity, security and reliability.     

Lossless compression-based progressive image transmission scheme

Abstract

The lossless compression of images is widely used in medical imaging and remote sensing applications. Also, progressive transmission of images is often desirable because it can reduce the transmission bits of an image. Therefore, combining the features of lossless compression and progressive transmission of images has been intensely researched. The bitplane method (BPM) is the simplest way to implement a lossless progressive image transmission system. In the present paper, a new block-based scheme for lossless progressive image transmission is proposed. This scheme will reduce the transmission load and improve the image quality of BPM. This method first performs a quantization operation upon the blocks of an image. Next, these blocks are encoded with fewer bits, and the bits are then transmitted phase by phase. The experimental results show that the image quality of this method is better than those in the BPM and improved BPM in related traditional works under the same transmission load. Moreover, during the first phase, the difference in peak signal-to-noise ratio between the present method and BPM is exactly equal up to 8.85 dB. This method is therefore effective for lossless progressive image transmission.     

Dual-pulse frequency compounded superharmonic imaging

Tissue second-harmonic imaging is currently the default mode in commercial diagnostic ultrasound systems. A new modality, superharmonic imaging (SHI), combines the third through fifth harmonics originating from nonlinear wave propagation through tissue. SHI could further improve the resolution and quality of echographic images. The superharmonics have gaps between the harmonics because the transducer has a limited bandwidth of about 70% to 80%. This causes ghost reflection artifacts in the superharmonic echo image. In this work, a new dual-pulse frequency compounding (DPFC) method to eliminate these artifacts is introduced. In the DPFC SHI method, each trace is constructed by summing two firings with slightly different center frequencies. The feasibility of the method was established using a single-element transducer. Its acoustic field was modeled in KZK simulations and compared with the corresponding measurements obtained with a hydrophone apparatus. Subsequently, the method was implemented on and optimized for a setup consisting of an interleaved phased-array transducer (44 elements at 1 MHz and 44 elements at 3.7 MHz, optimized for echocardiography) and a programmable ultrasound system. DPFC SHI effectively suppresses the ghost reflection artifacts associated with imaging using multiple harmonics. Moreover, compared with the single-pulse third harmonic, DPFC SHI improved the axial resolution by 3.1 and 1.6 times at the -6-dB and -20-dB levels, respectively. Hence, DPFC offers the possibility of generating harmonic images of a higher quality at a cost of a moderate frame rate reduction.