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醋酸与磷钨钼酸混合溶剂中甲烷部分氧化研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用单因素考察法考察了以碘为催化剂,在醋酸和磷钨钼酸混合溶剂中各种工艺条件对甲烷液相部分催化氧化反应的影响。磷钨钼酸与醋酸的混合溶剂体系可用于甲烷部分氧化反应,以碘为催化剂有较好的催化效果。通过对液相产物的分析,提出了在醋酸与磷钨钼酸混合溶剂中甲烷液相部分氧化反应属于亲电取代反应机理。反应条件为碘催化剂浓度0.04 mol/L,混合溶剂中醋酸50 mL,磷钨钼酸0.14 mol/L,氧化剂K2S2O80.20 mol/L,温度210℃,压力4.0 MPa时,甲烷转化率可达32.79%,目的产物选择性可达96.64%。 相似文献
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甲烷液相转化具有反应条件温和、能耗低、投资少等优点,研究甲烷液相部分氧化制甲醇对实现天然气的直接转化和利用具有极为重要的战略意义。本文介绍了甲烷液相部分氧化制甲醇反应中有关反应溶剂介质的研究进展,详细叙述了各种酸性介质、水以及乙腈溶剂在甲烷部分氧化制甲醇中的应用,总结了不同溶剂介质下的反应机理、催化剂、溶剂浓度等对甲烷转化的影响,探讨了溶剂在甲烷液相部分氧化中的作用,指出依据溶剂介质的性质和作用,开发环境友好、反应条件温和、转化效率高的优良新型溶剂是甲烷液相部分氧化制甲醇的重要研究方向。 相似文献
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天然气是一种前景广阔的清洁燃料,甲烷作为天然气的主要成分,其高效利用具有重要的现实意义。在众多甲烷转化途径中,甲烷催化部分氧化(CPOM)具有能耗低、合成气组分适宜、反应迅速等优势。本文简要介绍了CPOM反应机理,即直接氧化机理和燃烧-重整机理;重点综述了过渡金属、贵金属、双金属和钙钛矿这四类CPOM催化剂的研究现状;分析了反应温度、反应气体碳氧比和反应空速对CPOM反应特性的影响;阐述了积炭和烧结这两种催化剂失活的主要原因及应对措施。根据研究结果可知,通过选取合适的催化剂组分、采用优化的制备方法、精确控制催化剂活性组分分布和微观结构等措施,可以保证更多的有效活性位更稳定地暴露在催化剂表面,以此提高催化性能(包括甲烷转化率、合成气选择性、合成气生成率、反应稳定性等)。最后指出了对CPOM催化剂微观结构的合理设计与可控制备以及对CPOM反应机理的深入研究仍将是今后关注的重点。 相似文献
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Mordenite and fluorinated mordenite are compared as catalysts for the partial oxidation of methane in the temperature range 350–425°C. With both catalysts the major product is ethylene but the latter catalyst yields higher conversions up to 425°C at which temperature carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide become the primary products. Eliminating the oxidant, nitrous oxide, lowers the methane conversion but produces mainly ethane and ethylene. The oligomerization of methane without an oxidizing agent suggests that CH bond cleavage can result from protonation by superacid centers of the fluorinated mordenite. 相似文献
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V2O5催化甲烷液相部分氧化工艺过程研究 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
以V2O5为催化剂,在发烟硫酸中进行了甲烷液相选择性氧化的研究工作,考察了V2O5催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、发烟硫酸浓度等工艺条件对反应收率的影响,进行了甲烷液相选择性氧化的催化机理探讨和宏观动力学推导.甲烷在部分氧化反应中首先转化为硫酸甲酯,后者进一步水解得到甲醇.甲烷转化率可达54.5%,选择性45.5%,相应的工艺条件为催化剂用量0.0175 mol、反应温度180C、发烟硫酸中SO3含量50%(wt)、反应时间2 h.V2O5催化甲烷液相部分氧化反应遵循亲代取代机理,甲烷液相部分氧化反应为一级反应. 相似文献
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Acetic Acid Catalyzed Carbon Aerogels 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We prepared carbon aerogels with a wide range of structural properties and densities using the weak acetic acid as a catalyst. Two series of acetic acid catalyzed carbon aerogels with different dilution of the catalyst and the monomers were investigated accurately. Structural investigation was performed via (U)SAXS, gas sorption and SEM. The pore and particle size can be tailored according to the used amount of monomers and catalyst, respectively. The connectivity of the primary particles turned out to be exceptionally high, as was found from SEM photographs and is reflected in a large elastic modulus and a high electrical conductivity. IR transmission spectra of the acetic acid catalyzed resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogels indicate the existence of a carbonyl group within the aerogel network, which may be important for the structural development of the this gel. As no metal containing catalyst was employed, the resulting carbon aerogels are extremely pure. 相似文献
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Marie-Françoise Reyniers Carlo R. H. de Smet P. Govind Menon Guy B. Marin 《CATTECH》2002,6(4):140-149
The presence of large reserves of natural gas has stimulated research to utilize methane, its principal component, as an alternative energy source and to convert it to other fuels and industrially important chemicals. The reserves of natural gas in the world are estimated to be 1.4 × 1014 Nm3, while new gas fields are being discovered every year. Although this natural gas is available under pressure for piping and transport, extensive research efforts have been directed to develop gas-to-liquid (GTL) technology for the conversion of remote natural gas reserves into high-added-value liquid products, such as methanol and synthetic fuels, that can be more easily transported. A further incentive for natural gas utilization originates from environmental concerns that drive the search for cleaner energy sources. Catalytic combustion of methane offers an attractive alternative to gas-phase homogeneous combustion since it can stabilize flames at lower fuel-to-air ratios, thereby lowering flame temperatures and reducing NOx emission. Another alternative can be found in the conversion of natural gas into hydrogen, which can be used to generate electricity in fuel cells. Fuel cells have a much higher energy efficiency compared to current combustion-based power plants. Also, hydrogen is a much cleaner fuel than hydrocarbon feedstocks since the only product from hydrogen fuel cells is water. 相似文献
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硫酸氢钠催化合成乙酸乙酯动力学 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了以硫酸氢钠为催化剂,乙酸与乙醇直接酯化合成乙酸乙酯的反应动力学。在不同条件下测量了反应物浓度随时间的变化关系,计算得到硫酸氢钠催化下的酯化反应速率常数。实验结果表明,硫酸氢钠催化合成乙酸乙酯的反应为二级可逆反应。在实验温度(60~90℃)和催化剂浓度(0.3%~2%)质量分率的条件下,反应速率常数与温度及催化剂浓度的关系可表为Arrhenius方程形式的函数,反应活化能为45.28 kJ/mol,指前因子则与催化剂的浓度有关。 相似文献
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采用Pd/C催化剂对醋酸氯化液进行加氢处理,正交实验确定了催化加氢反应的最优化条件:反应温度170℃,停留时间216 min,压力0.27 MPa(表压),氢气流量105 mL/min,氮气流量7 mL/min,在该条件下二氯乙酸的质量分数可以下降至0.2%以下。相对于传统的处理醋酸氯化液的工艺,催化加氢工艺减少了后续处理氯乙酸母液带来的污染,是一个绿色的工艺过程,因此,催化加氢法处理醋酸氯化液更具有优势。 相似文献