化工原理教学中关于转子流量计和离心泵的讲解

流动现象的分析、流体的动量守恒规律及其数学形式的奈维-斯托克斯方程的应用,在化工教学中有待强调。对于转子流量计的浮子升力及离心泵扬程产生的机理,《化工原理》教材中习惯以机械能守恒原理为依据进行阐释,相关内容有必要补充完善。     

VR技术在《化工原理》课程教学中的应用探究

针对化工原理教学的现状，将虚拟仿真VR技术引入到化工原理课程讲授中是极有必要的，也是提高化工原理课程教学质量进行的重要举措。本论文将虚拟仿真VR技术应用在化工原理课程教学中，利于学生充分认识化工单元设施设备，掌握对单元设备操作的相关原理，做到“知其然知其所以然”，提高学习兴趣，提升动手能力及创新能力。将虚拟仿真VR技术应用于化工原理教学中的实践证明，学生的学习效果和教师的教学效果都明显得到改善和提高。     

《化工原理》教学方法浅析

《化工原理》教学方法浅析李金林（天津市化工学校３００４０２）关键词化工原理教学方法《化工原理》课程的理论性和实践性均较强，它既包括了在化工生产中普遍应用的重要的单元操作，又包括这些单元的机理、过程、典型设备的结构及工作原理及计算方法。课程内容多，计算...     

理想流体柏努利方程在化工原理教学中的应用

在化工原理教学中,理想流体伯努利方程能够帮助学生理解流体的能量转换与守恒特性。本文提出了由理想流体到一般流体逐步导出伯努利方程的方法,给出了两种适合于不同层次教学需要的伯努利方程的推导过程,一种强调了数学的严格性和规范性,另一种旨在加深学生对能量守恒和流体运动过程的理解。     

化工过程本质安全原理及应用的研究进展

开发本质安全的化工过程，是从本质上解决化工过程安全问题的途径，对避免重大化工安全事故具有重要意义。针对化工过程本质安全原理及应用进行了全面的分析和总结，重点从本质安全及其原理，本质安全原理的应用等方面进行了详细阐述，得出化工过程本质安全主要的发展方向有：化工过程生命周期中优先选择提升本质安全的方案，将本质安全原理转化为可操作性强的系统性规则，有利于实现本质安全设计；通过深入研究过程失效机理和综合评定方法，权衡本质安全原理之间的利弊，为本质安全原理的综合应用提供支持。     

新建地方本科高校化工原理课程教学改革探讨

化工原理是食品类和化学类专业的一门应用性、综合性较强的专业课，是非常重要的必修专业基础课之一。为了不断提升化工原理的教学效果和教学质量，来满足新时代创新型人才培养的需求，推动创新型人才培养目标的实现，对化工原理课程教学过程中目前存在的问题进行了总结和分析并以广西科技师范学院制糖方向的人才培养为例对化工原理课程教学改革进行了探索。     

化工原理和化工设备机械基础两门课课程设计结合的思考与实践

针对化工原理课程设计和化工设备机械基础课程设计中存在的现实问题，我们将两门课的学习时间调到同一学期，让学生在同一时间学习两者的相关内容。在安排课程设计时，化工原理课程设计和化工设备机械基础课程设计时间作对接安排，内容安排上将化工原理课程设计和化工设备机械基础课程设计的对象安排为同一单元操作设备，指导学生将化工原理课程设计得到的工艺参数直接用于后面的强度计算和设备设计，收到了显著的教学改革效果。     

参加化工竞赛促进化工原理实验教学改革

介绍了我校参加了首届江苏省化学化工竞赛中化工原理竞赛情况,分析了目前化工原理实验教学中存在的问题。依靠参加首届江苏省化学化工竞赛契机,交流了化工原理实验教学的经验,以便促进学校化工原理实验教学改革,提高化工原理实验教学水平和创新意识。     

化工实验大赛对化工原理教学的影响

化工原理是一门化工类相关专业重要的专业课程，其教学质量对学生培养至关重要。参加化工实验大赛，有助于强化学生的综合能力和意识，提升教师的专业素质和能力，同时也能促进学校企业间的交流，推动高校化工学科的建设，从而深刻影响化工原理教学质量。探讨了参加化工实验大赛对化工原理教学的影响，并倡导学生、教师和校企，尤其是青年教师，积极参与化工实验大赛。     

民族班化工原理教学探讨

化工原理课程是一门重要的技术基础课，课程中包含的单元操作应用较为广泛。新疆是多民族地区，教育水平和设施落后。如何使少数民族学生提高对化工原理课程的接受程度，成为教师的主要任务。笔者根据多年的教学经验，总结出多种教学方法。经使用证明，可提高民族班化工原理教学效果和考试成绩。     

Transport Phenomena with Single Aerosol Particles

This is a review of theory and experiments related to single aerosol particle transport processes. The theories of mass, heat, momentum, and charge transfer are outlined, with emphasis on mass transport in the continuum and noncontinuum regimes. Included in the discussion of mass transfer are single and multicomponent droplet evaporation, a comparison of the results of solutions of the Boltzman equations for Knudsen aerosol evaporation and growth and experimental methods for the study of single droplet evaporation or growth. Of particular concern here are the experimental apparati and techniques developed for single particle measurements. These range from the Millikan oil drop experiment through the electrostatic balance (the Millikan condenser with automatic stabilization of the particle) to the electrodynamic balance. The principles and applications of these instruments are reviewed.     

垂直管内向上气液流动的分析(Ⅱ)——弹状流的压力降计算

本文采用以弹状气泡速度运动的相对坐标系,对液体段建立动量衡算关系,分析了弹状流压力降中加速压降的来源。与前人结果比较,理论根据较为充分,与实验数据也更为吻合。     

Einfluss der Wechselwirkung von Reaktion und Fluiddynamik auf das Verhalten von Strahlschlaufenreaktoren

Jet loop reactors are used as apparatus to facilitate chemical or biological reactions. This type of apparatus is characterized by an internal circulation flow, essentially driven by the injection of liquid. The nozzle can also be used to inject and disperse gas. The internal fluid dynamics and thus the reactor behavior is significantly determined by the introduced momentum and by the internal gas distribution. To describe the mutual influence of a gas-consuming reaction and the internal fluid dynamics, a simplified model based on a momentum balance and a material balance was used. From the exemplary calculations, a critical range for non-selective reactions and for fluid dynamic stability is given.     

A multi-region and open-source computational fluid dynamic tool for electrochemical systems with three-dimensional electrodes

In this work, a solver, implemented in OpenFOAM, is developed to investigate the mechanisms of ion transport through activated or resistive three-dimensional (3D) electrodes, and also leakage currents in the case of a bipolar connection. The transport model, which accounts for the balance of mass, momentum, species, and electric charge in the fluid, 3D and solid phases, was solved using a multi-region approach. The algorithm permits calculations for a fixed cell potential difference, and also for a current flowing through the cell under galvanostatic control. Analytical models and experimental results of the current and potential distribution are compared with the present tool, obtaining a close agreement between them. The model presented here is supplied as a free source code and can be employed to optimize both cell stack design and system operation conditions.     

Can steady-state momentum equations be used in modelling pressurization of adsorption beds?

Modelling of pressurization and blowdown steps of a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) cycle has been carried out using a steady-state momentum equation (Darcy or Ergun) locally in the bed. There has been some controversy about the validity of such an approach since Darcy's or Ergun's equations are strictly valid only for quasi-stable flow, and during pressurization at short times, the flow is unstable. In order to check the assumptions usually made in modelling isothermal pressurization, three models are developed. Model I includes mass balance and unsteady-state mechanical energy balance for a packed bed with non-porous, inert particles; Model II neglects the kinetic energy change in the mechanical energy balance and Model III considers a steady-state mechanical energy balance. The latter model is the one used in previous work. The numerical tool used to solve all the model equations is the moving finite element method (MFEM) with polynomial approximation of any degree in each element developed by C. Sereno¹. Comparison of simulation results for the various models showed that steady-state momentum equations can be safely used in modelling pressurization of adsorbers.     

Modelling and Simulation of Momentum, Heat, and Mass Transfer in a Deep-Bed Grain Dryer

This article concerns the modelling and simulation of a deep-bed grain dryer in a large diameter-column. Two-dimensional (2D) models of deep-bed grain dryers were built by considering simultaneously momentum, heat, and mass transfer in the drying phase together with coupled heat and mass balance in the grain phase. The dynamic equations are solved numerically by using finite difference method. The momentum equations are applied to simulate pressure drop and velocity field of the drying air across the bed. The mass and heat balance in the two phases determine the profile of temperature and moisture content in both phases. Further, drying rate curves for various temperature of inlet drying gas together with moisture content of grain were simulated. The simulated profiles are in close agreement with experimental data.     

Application of the direct quadrature method of moments to polydisperse gas-solid fluidized beds

Most of today's computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations for gas-solid flows are carried out assuming that the solid phase is monodispersed, whereas it is well known that in many applications, it is characterized by a particle size distribution (PSD). In order to properly model the evolution of a polydisperse solid phase, the population balance equation (PBE) must be coupled to the continuity and momentum balance equations. In this work, the recently formulated direct quadrature method of moments (DQMOM) is implemented in a multi-fluid CFD code to simulate particle aggregation and breakage in a fluidized-bed (FB) reactor. DQMOM is implemented in the code by representing each node of the quadrature approximation as a distinct solid phase. Since in the multi-fluid model, each solid phase has its own momentum balance, the nodes of the DQMOM approximation are convected with their own velocities. This represents an important improvement with respect to the quadrature method of moments (QMOM) where the moments are tracked using an average solid velocity. Two different aggregation and breakage kernels are tested and the performance of the DQMOM approximation with different numbers of nodes are compared. These results show that the approach is very effective in modeling solid segregation and elutriation and in tracking the evolution of the PSD, even though it requires only a small number of scalars.     

北方裂解炉的动态仿真

建立了北方裂解炉的动态模型。将裂解炉分为原料油预热段、过热段、锅炉水预热段、辐射段等几个部分 ,结合各部分的结构与传热特点 ,分别建立机理仿真模型。另外 ,在建模过程中 ,结合现场数据 ,引入了部分经验参数 ,使模型得到合理简化。应用结果表明本模型适用范围广、逼真度高 ,满足动态仿真适时性和精度要求     

Prediction of bubble diameter at detachment from a wall orifice in liquid cross-flow under reduced and normal gravity conditions

Bubble formation and detachment is an integral part of the two-phase flow science. The objective of the present work is to theoretically investigate the effects of liquid cross-flow velocity, gas flow rate embodied in the momentum flux force, and orifice diameter on bubble formation and detachment in a wall-bubble injection configuration. A two-dimensional one-stage theoretical model based on a global force balance on the bubble evolving from a wall orifice in a cross liquid flow is presented in this work. In this model, relevant forces acting on the evolving bubble are expressed in terms of the bubble center of mass coordinates and solved simultaneously. Relevant forces in low gravity included the momentum flux, shear-lift, surface tension, drag and inertia forces. Under normal gravity conditions, the buoyancy force, which is dominant under such conditions, can be added to the force balance. Two detachment criteria were applicable depending on the gas to liquid momentum force ratio. For low ratios, the time when the bubble acceleration in the direction of the detachment angle is greater or equal to zero is calculated from the bubble x and y coordinates. This time is taken as the time at which all the detaching forces that are acting on the bubble are greater or equal to the attaching forces. For high gas to liquid momentum force ratios, the time at which the y coordinate less the bubble radius equals zero is calculated. The bubble diameter is evaluated at this time as the diameter at detachment from the fact that the bubble volume is simply given by the product of the gas flow rate and time elapsed. Comparison of the model's predictions was also made with predictions from a two-dimensional normal gravity model based on Kumar-Kuloor formulation and such a comparison is presented in this work.     

垂直管内向上气液流动的分析(Ⅰ)——弹状气泡与下落液膜流动

弹状流是垂直管内气液两相上升流中的一种重要流型。本文从相对坐标系的质量与动量衡算出发,对弹状气泡与下落液膜流动进行分析,建立了相应的计算公式。本文也是完整的弹状流数学模型的一部分。