漂浮基双臂空间机器人系统的模糊神经网络自学习控制

讨论了载体位置、姿态均不受控制的情况下自由漂浮双臂空间机器人系统的高斯基模糊神经网络自 学习控制问题．此类空间机器人系统严格遵守动量守恒和角动量守恒,所以其动力学方程表现出强烈的非线性性 质．将神经网络与模糊控制相结合,即利用神经网络进行模糊推理, 可使模糊控制具有自学习能力．在此基础上, 设计了双臂空间机器人系统关节空间的高斯基模糊神经网络自学习控制方案．系统的数值仿真证实了该方法的有 效性．     

一种基于模糊神经网络的机器人控制

采用高斯函数作为模糊隶属函数,将模糊控制与神经网络相结合。利用神经网络实现模糊推理,运用了一种模糊高斯基函数神经网络,并用于两关节机器人的轨迹跟踪控制。仿真结果表明,该网络对机器人轨迹跟踪控制具有很好的效果,是一种行之有效的控制方法。     

基于模糊神经网络的机器人实时控制研究

基于模糊神经网络的机器人实时控制研究廖俊朱世强林建亚（浙江大学流体传动及控制国家重点实验室杭州３１００２７）关键词神经网络，模糊控制，机器人．收稿日期１９９５－０８－０７１引言模糊神经网络结合了模糊逻辑和神经网络各自的优点，受到越来越多学者的高度重视...     

基于神经网络模糊PID的足球机器人控制算法研究

通过对足球机器人运动学模型进行分析,以足球机器人系统为实验平台,论证了神经网络模糊PID控制技术应用于足球机器人运动控制的可行性。将传统的PID控制与神经网络模糊控制相结合,通过PID算法实现控制的准确性,利用神经网络模糊控制提高控制的快速性与自适应性。针对足球机器人运动控制中的实际问题,着重提出了基于神经网络和模糊控制相结合动态调整PID控制器的三个参数KP,KI,KD的设计方法。实验证明该方法增强了控制器的调节能力和简化了控制器设计,同时本方法对模型和环境具有较好的适应能力和较强的鲁棒性。     

基于模糊神经网络的六足机器人自主导航闭环控制系统设计

针对未知环境中六足机器人的自主导航问题,设计了一种基于模糊神经网络的自主导航闭环控制算法,并依据该算法设计了六足机器人的导航控制系统．算法融合了模糊控制的逻辑推理能力与神经网络的学习训练能力,并引入闭环控制方法对算法进行优化．所设计的控制系统由信息输入、模糊神经网络、指令执行以及信息反馈4个模块组成．环境及位置信息的感知由GPS（全球定位系统）传感器、电子罗盘传感器和超声波传感器共同完成．采用C语言重建模糊神经网络控制算法,并应用于该系统．通过仿真实验,从理论上论证了基于模糊神经网络的闭环控制算法性能优于开环控制算法,闭环控制算法能够减小六足机器人在遇到障碍物时所绕行的距离,行进速度提高了6.14%,行进时间缩短了8.74%．在此基础上,开展了实物试验．试验结果表明,该控制系统能够实现六足机器人自主导航避障控制功能,相对于开环控制系统,能有效地缩短行进路径,行进速度提高了5.66%,行进时间缩短了7.25%,验证了闭环控制系统的可行性和实用性．     

基于信息融合的模型小车ANN避障控制

本文将模糊逻辑、神经网络和传感器融合技术结合起来，用于移动机器人的避障控制研究，利用多个非摄像类的超声波和红外线传感器探测环境信息，采用多传感器融合技术进行传感器信号处理，并且探讨了模糊聚类和神经网络系统在机器人系统中的避障控制能力，给出了虚拟环境一的计算机仿真结果。     

智能移动机器人的超声避障研究

智能移动机器人是机器人研究领域的重要方向,是当前机器人领域中最活跃的研究主题之一.在分析了智能移动机器人避障常用传感器的基础上,提出了基于多超声传感器的移动机器人的超声避障系统.介绍了超声避障系统的模糊控制规则和非模糊化,并给出了实验结果.实验结果表明,模糊控制机理和策略易于接受和理解,便于应用开发,模糊避障算法对环境有很大的适应性,机器人在不同的环境条件下实现了避障.     

基于模糊神经网络的机器人关节驱动补偿控制器

本文提出了一种模糊神经网络控制器,该控制器用于工业机器人关节驱动的位置控制,克服了传统PID很难达到对非线性以及不确定因素的控制效果和简单模糊控制不能完全消除稳态误差的缺点,通过神经网络对模糊规则的学习优化,提高了机器人关节末端位置精度,具有较好控制效果。     

吸尘机器人系统设计与避障算法研究

基于Cortex-M0微控制器设计超声波、红外和碰撞等多传感器硬件系统感知机器人工作环境,应用模糊神经网络对采集的数据进行信息融合处理,输出结果用来控制吸尘机器人的定位与避障。实验证明,多传感器硬件系统和基于模糊神经网络的避障算法大大提高了吸尘机器人的定位与避障精度,对不同的工作环境也具有良好的鲁棒性。     

线控转向汽车传动比智能控制策略的研究

以线控转向汽车的传动比控制为重点进行研究,提出了传动比智能控制策略,旨在进一步改善系统的转向性能。针对转向系统的不确定性、非线性的特点,在原有基于模型控制方法的基础上,研究了模糊控制和模糊神经网络在传动比控制中的应用;首先利用模糊控制技术设计传动比控制器,然后研究了模糊神经网络的结构和算法,利用模糊神经网络对理想传动比控制进行改进,实现了输入变量隶属函数中心值和宽度的在线调节,进而对传动比进行优化;从仿真结果可以看出基于模糊神经网络的控制方法比单模糊控制扩大了传动比变化的车速范围,更加符合理想传动比的要求,表明基于模糊神经网络控制方法更具有可行性和有效性。     

基于模糊Elman网络算法的移动机器人路径规划分析

为了调正移动机器人避障线路,建立了基于模糊Elman网络算法的移动机器人路径规划模型,并应用进行Matlab仿真分析。利用现有障碍物的距离信息来实现机器人步长的实施可控制与调节,防止移动机器人在做出准确避障行为之后因为没有设定合适的步长而导致撞上障碍物,以0.5作为机器人的最初运动步长。仿真结果表明,采用模糊Elman网络可以获得比其它两种方法更优的路径规划效果,同时对障碍物进行高效避让,由此实现最优的路径规划。采用模糊Elman网络来构建得到的路径规划算法能够满足规划任务的要求,同时还能够根据机器人处于不同工作空间中的情况进行灵活调整。     

Self-localization and obstacle avoidance for a mobile robot

This article presents a fast self-localization method based on ZigBee wireless sensor network and laser sensor, an obstacle avoidance algorithm based on ultrasonic sensors for a mobile robot. The positioning system and positioning theory of ZigBee which can obtain a rough global localization of the mobile robot are introduced. To realize accurate local positioning, a laser sensor is used to extract the features from environment, then the environmental features and global reference map can be matched. From the matched environmental features, the position and orientation of the mobile robot can be obtained. To enable the mobile robot to avoid obstacle in real-time, a heuristic fuzzy neural network is developed by using heuristic fuzzy rules and the Kohonen clustering network. The experiment results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于模糊神经网络的移动机器人沿墙导航控制

移动机器人沿墙导航控制包含了追踪和避障两种情况,是移动机器人研究中的常见问题。它是指机器人在一定方向上沿墙运动,或者更一般意义上的沿着物体轮廓运动,并与墙保持一定距离。移动机器人利用声纳采集机器人与墙体的距离和角度信息,通过模糊神经网络将输入数据进行融合,从而判断移动机器人的位姿信息,输出左右轮速度控制其动作。实验证明此方法可以有效地保证移动机器人在安全距离内沿墙体运动。对比采用模糊神经网络前后的实验,采用后的移动机器人沿墙导航控制轨迹优于采用前,均方误差大大减小。     

A 3-level autonomous mobile robot navigation system designed by using reasoning/search approaches

This paper describes how soft computing methodologies such as fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms and the Dempster–Shafer theory of evidence can be applied in a mobile robot navigation system. The navigation system that is considered has three navigation subsystems. The lower-level subsystem deals with the control of linear and angular volocities using a multivariable PI controller described with a full matrix. The position control of the mobile robot is at a medium level and is nonlinear. The nonlinear control design is implemented by a backstepping algorithm whose parameters are adjusted by a genetic algorithm. We propose a new extension of the controller mentioned, in order to rapidly decrease the control torques needed to achieve the desired position and orientation of the mobile robot. The high-level subsystem uses fuzzy logic and the Dempster–Shafer evidence theory to design a fusion of sensor data, map building, and path planning tasks. The fuzzy/evidence navigation based on the building of a local map, represented as an occupancy grid, with the time update is proven to be suitable for real-time applications. The path planning algorithm is based on a modified potential field method. In this algorithm, the fuzzy rules for selecting the relevant obstacles for robot motion are introduced. Also, suitable steps are taken to pull the robot out of the local minima. Particular attention is paid to detection of the robot’s trapped state and its avoidance. One of the main issues in this paper is to reduce the complexity of planning algorithms and minimize the cost of the search. The performance of the proposed system is investigated using a dynamic model of a mobile robot. Simulation results show a good quality of position tracking capabilities and obstacle avoidance behavior of the mobile robot.     

A new approach for dynamic fuzzy logic parameter tuning in Ant Colony Optimization and its application in fuzzy control of a mobile robot

Ant Colony Optimization is a population-based meta-heuristic that exploits a form of past performance memory that is inspired by the foraging behavior of real ants. The behavior of the Ant Colony Optimization algorithm is highly dependent on the values defined for its parameters. Adaptation and parameter control are recurring themes in the field of bio-inspired optimization algorithms. The present paper explores a new fuzzy approach for diversity control in Ant Colony Optimization. The main idea is to avoid or slow down full convergence through the dynamic variation of a particular parameter. The performance of different variants of the Ant Colony Optimization algorithm is analyzed to choose one as the basis to the proposed approach. A convergence fuzzy logic controller with the objective of maintaining diversity at some level to avoid premature convergence is created. Encouraging results on several traveling salesman problem instances and its application to the design of fuzzy controllers, in particular the optimization of membership functions for a unicycle mobile robot trajectory control are presented with the proposed method.     

Intelligent mobile manipulator navigation using adaptive neuro-fuzzy systems

The work presented in this paper deals with the problem of autonomous and intelligent navigation of mobile manipulator, where the unavailability of a complete mathematical model of robot systems and uncertainties of sensor data make the used of approximate reasoning to the design of autonomous motion control very attractive.A modular fuzzy navigation method in changing and dynamic unstructured environments has been developed. For a manipulator arm, we apply the robust adaptive fuzzy reactive motion planning developed in [J.B. Mbede, X. Huang, M. Wang, Robust neuro-fuzzy sensor-based motion control among dynamic obstacles for robot manipulators, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems 11 (2) (2003) 249-261]. But for the vehicle platform, we combine the advantages of probabilistic roadmap as global planner and fuzzy reactive based on idea of elastic band. This fuzzy local planner based on a computational efficient processing scheme maintains a permanent flexible path between two nodes in network generated by a probabilistic roadmap approach. In order to consider the compatibility of stabilization, mobilization and manipulation, we add the input of system stability in vehicle fuzzy navigation so that the mobile manipulator can avoid stably unknown and/or dynamic obstacles. The purpose of an integration of robust controller and modified Elman neural network (MENN) is to deal with uncertainties, which can be translated in the output membership functions of fuzzy systems.     

Application of probability to enhance the performance of fuzzy based mobile robot navigation

This paper presents a new path planning algorithm based on Probability and Fuzzy Logic (PFL) as a duality technique to enhance the performance of Fuzzy Logic alone. Fuzzy Logic interacts with the grading of obstacles existed in the path and probability lies over the decision to move the mobile robot. The fuzzy grading correspondence with the probabilistic decision is the primary function of moving the mobile robot towards the goal and the secondary is path planning which lies over the probability distribution function. The distance–speed combination rule is developed for effective navigation. The single and multiple mobile robot systems have been tested successfully in a dense environment in presence of obstacles (static and dynamic) and moving goal. The obtained results are optimal when compared to other navigational approaches in sense of navigational path length and time in the static and dynamic environment.     

Application of a hybrid controller to a mobile robot

This paper presents the application of a hybrid controller to the optimization of the movement of a mobile robot. Through hybrid controller processes, the optimal angle and velocity of a robot moving in a work space was determined. More effective movement resulted from these hybrid controller processes. The experimental scenarios involved a five-versus-five soccer game and a MATLAB simulation, where the proposed system dynamically assigned the robot to the target position. The hybrid controller was able to choose a better position according to the circumstances encountered. The hybrid controller that is proposed includes a support vector machine and a fuzzy logic controller. We used the method of generalized predictive control to predict the target position, and the support vector machine to determine the optimal angle and velocity required for the mobile robot to reach the goal. First, we used the generalized predictive control to predict the target position. Then, the support vector machine is used to classify the angle that must be followed by the mobile robot to reach the goal. Next, a fuzzy logic controller is designed to determine the velocity of the left and right wheels of the mobile robot. Thus generated, the velocity was optimized according to the measures obtained by the support vector machine. Finally, based on the optimal velocity of robot, the output membership function was modified. Consequently, the proposed hybrid controller allowed the robot to reach the goal quickly and effectively.     

模糊PID控制下移动机器人定位方法研究

机器人定位研究一直是机器人学研究的重点,但目前机器人定位方法都存在缺点,抗干扰能力差,不能做到准确定位,主要是由于环境等多方面因素的干扰,定位误差会逐渐加大;由于上述原因,提出了一种基于设定值加权模糊PID控制的移动机器人自定位方法;给出了定位过程的参数,为机器人移动建立模型,设计一种模糊 PID 控制器,根据误差及变化率大小,选择模糊定位或PID定位,实现移动机器人的智能定位,提高机器人定位准确的准确性;通过仿真实验结果证明:模糊PID控制的机器人自定位方法对移动机器人的定位过程有较好的改善作用,实用效果较好。     

Adaptive robust fuzzy control for path tracking of a wheeled mobile robot

This paper proposes an adaptive robust fuzzy control scheme for path tracking of a wheeled mobile robot with uncertainties. The robot dynamics including the actuator dynamics is considered in this work. The presented controller is composed of a fuzzy basis function network (FBFN) to approximate an unknown nonlinear function of the robot complete dynamics, an adaptive robust input to overcome the uncertainties, and a stabilizing control input. The stability and the convergence of the tracking errors are guaranteed using the Lyapunov stability theory. When the controller is designed, the different parameters for two actuator models in the dynamic equation are taken into account. The proposed control scheme does not require the accurate parameter values for the actuator parameters as well as the robot parameters. The validity and robustness of the proposed control scheme are demonstrated through computer simulations. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008