空心玻璃微球导热系数数值模拟与实验研究北大核心

根据超景深三维显微镜所观察到的环氧树脂/空心玻璃微球的实际微观结构,基于Ansys软件和简化的实际模型,使用随机序列吸附算法,建立代表性体积单元,设置相应实际模型。通过简化模型拟合填料与复合材料导热系数之间的关系,结合实际模型的复合材料导热系数求解结果,对空心玻璃微球隔热性能进行求解。结果表明:由不同牌号填料制备的环氧树脂/空心玻璃微球复合材料,数值模拟结果与实验结果误差保持在3.00%以内,在此基础上对空心玻璃微球导热系数进行求解,并与不同理论结果对比,验证了空心玻璃微球导热系数求解方法的正确性。     

铜/环氧复合材料导热性能的三维数值模拟研究

通过数值模拟手段研究了铜/环氧树脂复合材料的导热性能。利用ANSYS/APDL参数化有限元分析技术,建立了铜颗粒随机分布的三维模型,研究了模型尺寸、铜颗粒的体积分数、粒径分布、颗粒尺寸、颗粒形貌以及颗粒在基体中的排列方式对导热系数的影响。模拟结果表明,当导热模型边长大于100μm时,复合材料的导热系数趋于稳定;铜/环氧复合材料导热系数随铜颗粒体积分数的增加而增加,且增加的幅度越来越大;填充相同粒径的颗粒和粒径服从正态分布的颗粒,材料的导热系数基本保持一致;复合材料的导热系数随颗粒尺寸的变化而波动;方形填料比球形填料更能提升材料的导热性能;填料在基体中排列方式不同,导热系数也不相同,填料沿热流方向定向排列时,增强作用显著。     

基于多尺度孔结构的保温隔热涂层的导热系数与导热模型

以水性丙烯酸酯乳液为成膜物质,以二氧化硅气凝胶（ SA）与空心玻璃微珠（ HGB）为隔热填料,同时引入纳米孔和微米孔,制备了具有多尺度孔结构的保温隔热涂料。通过热常数分析仪测量不同 SA、HGB体积比的涂层的导热系数。结果表明：涂层的导热系数与 SA、HGB的体积比密切相关。涂层的导热系数随填料体积分数的增加而减小,当填料体积分数为 70%,SA与 HGM体积比为 8∶2时,涂层导热系数最低为 0. 053 W/（m·K）。使用并联模型、串联模型、 Maxwell模型、 H-C模型对 SA/HGM保温隔热涂层的导热实验数据进行拟合,发现当填料体积分数为 30%时,涂层导热系数可以用 Maxwell模型进行预测;当填料体积分数为 50%和 70%时,需要考虑涂层中开放孔隙的影响,涂层导热系数可以用基于 Maxwell模型的修正模型进行预测。     

空心微球对隔热涂层导热性能的影响

以空心微球开发高品质隔热涂料已引起广泛关注。本文利用传热学基本理论，探讨了空心微球的结构特性与体积分数对隔热涂层导热性能的影响，提出了隔热涂层表观导热系数的数学式，进行了实验验证。结果表明：该数学模型可用于指导隔热涂料的配方设计以及空心微球的结构优化。     

氮化铝填充导热复合材料导热性能的有限元分析

采用有限元方法分析了氮化铝(Al N)填料粒径、含量以及树脂种类等因素对复合材料导热性能的影响。模拟结果显示:填料体积分数小于20%时,导热系数的模拟结果和试验结果接近,在高填充时,导热系数模拟结果低于试验结果,但是变化趋势和试验结果一致;低填充量时填料粒径对导热系数影响不大,高填充时,大粒径填料可以增强复合材料导热系数;树脂本身的导热性能越高,复合材料的导热性能越好。     

复合无机填料耐温增效聚酰亚胺泡沫的制备和性能

针对市场不同行业领域特别是锂电池行业,对泡沫材料提出的更高的高温隔热性能,为了使得聚酰亚胺泡沫能够实现高温下的隔热性能,利用复合无机填料增效聚酰亚胺泡沫的耐温性能,研究了空心玻璃微球与可膨胀蛭石的不同比例、无机填料不同添加量以及不同密度聚酰亚胺泡沫对其高温隔热性能的影响,通过600℃的加热台测试泡沫背面的冷面温度,研究发现,聚酰亚胺泡沫的发泡倍率在5～10倍,添加的空心玻璃微球和可膨胀蛭石的质量是泡沫质量的50%,其中空心玻璃微球占无机物质量的20%,得到的聚酰亚胺泡沫在常温下具有较低的导热系数,并且在高温下的隔热性能优异。     

Al2O3/环氧树脂复合材料导热性能的研究

分别选用纳米和超细Al2O3填料,采用直接分散法制备Al2O3/环氧树脂复合材料,研究了不同填料含量的复合材料的导热性能,并结合理论模型探讨粉体粒径对导热性能的影响.结果表明:随着Al2O3含量的增加,复合材料的导热系数增大.当加入40%的超细Al2O3填料时,复合材料的导热系数达到0.535 W/(m·K),是纯环氧树脂的3倍.实验测量值与Y. Agari模型参数均表明:超细Al2O3的体系中粒子更容易形成导热链,可以更有效地提高环氧树脂体系的导热性能.     

高尺寸稳定性玻纤增强PPS复合材料的制备

为制得高尺寸稳定性、高性能玻纤增强PPS复合材料,选取四种填料(玻璃微珠、碳酸钙、高岭土、空心微珠),研究其对玻纤增强PPS复合材料线膨胀系数(CTE)和收缩率的影响。结果表明,当填料用量相同时,各种玻纤用量下,空心微珠填充的复合材料的线膨胀系数和收缩率均最小,复合材料尺寸稳定性最好。接着研究了空心微珠用量和粒径对复合材料的尺寸稳定性的影响,试验结果表明,随空心微珠用量的增加,线膨胀系数降低,收缩率变小;相同填充比例下,粒径大的空心微珠填充的复合材料的尺寸稳定性更优。最后研究了空心微珠复配纳米碳酸钙对复合材料线膨胀系数和收缩率的影响,试验结果表明,当填料质量分数为20%、空心微珠与纳米碳酸钙的质量比为3/1时,复合材料具有最优的尺寸稳定性。     

新型有机/无机反射型隔热建筑涂料的研制

采用空心玻璃微球、红外陶瓷粉、有机聚合物乳液和硅溶胶制备了新型有机/无机反射型隔热涂料,研究了颜填料及添加量对涂膜隔热性能的影响,发现在空心玻璃微球、堇青石和陶瓷微球3种功能性填料中,陶瓷微球所配制成的涂料的反射率最高,最适合用于反射隔热涂料中;当红外陶瓷粉粒径为800目,添加量维持在6%~8%的时候,所配成的涂料能够获得最佳的隔热效果和经济效果。所制备涂料的隔热性能指标超过JG/T 235—2008《建筑反射隔热涂料》标准。     

纳米Fe3O4/环氧树脂基复合材料制备及导热性研究

选用水热法制备Fe3O4纳米粒子为填料,通过直接混合分散法制备了纳米Fe3O4/环氧树脂基复合材料。测试分析了Fe3O4纳米粒子的形貌、结构和磁性能。并且复合材料的导热系数也被测定,结果表明,随着粒子填充体积增加,复合材料导热系数增大。当添加28.47%的纳米Fe3O4粒子时,复合材料导热系数达到0.409 W/（m.k）,是纯环氧树脂E-44的2.54倍。通过对Y.Agari导热模型分析计算,得到了能对该复合材料导热系数进行较好预测的方程。     

中空玻璃微珠填充聚丙烯复合材料导热系数的测定

应用导热系数测量仪,测量了中空玻璃微珠(HGB)填充聚丙烯复合材料的等效导热系数(Keff)。结果表明:除个别点外,随着HGB体积分数(φf)增加,Keff呈线性函数形式减小;当φf相同时,Keff随着HGB粒径的增加而有所下降。     

空心玻璃微珠/环氧复合材料的制备及性能研究

制备了空心玻璃微珠/环氧复合材料。通过力学性能、固化收缩率、热性能等测试考察了空心玻璃微珠粒径、填充量、硅烷偶联剂处理对树脂及固化物性能的影响。结果表明,硅烷偶联剂改善了空心玻璃微珠与树脂基体的相容性。复合材料的力学性能随着空心微珠粒径减小而增大。随着空心微珠填充量的加大,固化物拉伸强度有所降低,冲击强度和弯曲强度在空心玻璃微珠质量分数为2%时达到最大值,比纯树脂分别提高了30%和34.2%,同时材料的固化收缩率和密度降低,玻璃化转变温度升高。     

ZnO/EP复合材料的制备及其导热性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纤锌矿型氧化锌(zinc oxide,ZnO)粉体,考察了煅烧温度对ZnO粉体质量的影响;将不同煅烧温度获得的ZnO填充于环氧树脂(epoxy resin,EP)得到系列ZnO/EP复合材料,采用红外光谱仪(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(field emission scanning electron microscope,FESEM)对ZnO/EP复合材料进行结构和形貌表征,研究了ZnO粉体粒径及填充量对ZnO/EP复合材料导热性能的影响。结果表明,ZnO粉体粒径随煅烧温度升高而增大,其中700 ℃下制得的ZnO粉体粒径最大且纯度高。当ZnO填充量一定时,ZnO粉体粒径越大,越有利于提升ZnO/EP复合材料的导热性能;随ZnO填充量的增加,ZnO/EP复合材料的热导率不断提高,当ZnO体积分数为30.05%时,复合材料热导率达到0.54 W/(m·K),较纯环氧树脂提高了184%,且保持良好的力学性能。     

改性空心玻璃微珠/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能研究

采用偶联剂对玻璃微珠表面进行改性处理,借助超声波振动,使改性空心玻璃微珠在环氧树脂中均匀、稳定分散,增强了玻璃微珠与环氧树脂之间的相容并探讨了改性空心玻璃微珠对环氧树脂力学性能的影响。结果表明,复合材料中改性空心玻璃微珠添加质量分数为3%时,其拉伸强度达到最大值68.54 MPa,与空白样相比提高了20.3%;冲击强度达到最大值24.42 kJ/m2,比纯环氧树脂提高了166%;KIC(断裂韧性)达到最大值2.338 MPa/m2,是空白试样的2.27倍,增韧效果较为明显。     

Experimental investigation and numerical simulation of granite powder filled polymer composites for wind turbine blade: A comparative analysis

This paper describes the mechanical, thermo‐mechanical, and thermal behavior of unfilled E‐glass fiber (10–50 wt%) reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites and granite powder filled (8–24 wt%) GFRP composite in different weight percentages, respectively. The void fraction of unfilled glass epoxy composite is decreased from 7.71% to 3.17% with the increase in fiber loading from 10 to 50 wt%. However, void fraction for granite powder filled GFRP composites show reverse in trend. The granite powder addition in glass‐epoxy composites show significant improvement in hardness (37–47 Hv), impact strength (31.56–37.2 kJ/m²), and stress intensity factor (by 14.29% for crack length of 5 mm) of the composites. The thermo‐mechanical analyses also show strong correlation with the mechanical performance of the composites. The minimum difference of 0.17 GPa in storage and flexural moduli are observed for unfilled 20 wt% glass epoxy composite; whereas, maximum difference of 0.71 GPa is recorded for unfilled 50 wt% glass epoxy composite. Moreover, the numerical and experimentally measured thermal conductivity of unfilled and granite powder filled epoxy composites are within the lower and upper bound values. Hence, a successful attempt is presented for mechanical analysis of full scale model by finite element analysis. The results show that finite element analysis predicted reasonably actual stress value and tip deflection of wind turbine blade. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:1335–1352, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

环氧树脂/氧化锌晶须/氮化硼导热绝缘复合材料的研究

以环氧树(脂EP)为基体,分别以氧化锌晶(须ZnOw)和ZnOw/氮化硼(BN)混合物为导热填料,制备了EP导热绝缘复合材料。研究了填料含量对复合材料导热性能、电绝缘性能及力学性能的影响,并利用扫描电镜对复合材料的断面形貌进行了观察。结果表明:随着导热填料含量的增大,复合材料的导热系数和介电常数增大,体积电阻率下降,而拉伸强度呈先增大后减小的趋势;在填料含量相同的情况下,EP/ZnOw/BN复合材料比EP/ZnOw复合材料具有更好的导热性能;当填料体积分数为15%时,EP/ZnOw/BN复合材料的热导率为1.06W/(mK)而,EP/ZnOw复合材料的热导率仅为0.98W/(mK)。     

空心玻璃微球隔热保温板的制备及其理化特性

将空心玻璃微球（hollow glass microspheres,HGM）与饱和硝酸铝溶液混合,经520℃保温30min热处理后制备出刚性保温板。测试了保温板的导热系数、抗压强度和燃烧性能,讨论了HGM粒子密度和平均粒径对保温板导热系数的影响。结果表明：保温板的导热系数随HGM粒子密度的下降而降低,当粒子的粒子密度为0.18 g/cm3时,保温板的导热系数为0.072 W/（m.K）,抗压强度为2.2 MPa;当HGM的平均粒径小于30μm时,保温板的实测导热系数与Dul＇nev提出的预测方程的计算结果相接近,HGM保温板的燃烧性能达到A1级不燃材料要求,可满足建筑保温和防火的要求。     

Mode II interlaminar fracture behavior of carbon bead‐filled epoxy/glass fiber hybrid composite

To investigate the effect of including carbon beads on the mechanical properties of epoxy resin, the fracture toughness of carbon bead‐filled epoxy was earlier evaluated using a CT (compact tension) specimens and Mode I fracture toughness was observed. Based on those results, in this study, the Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon bead filled epoxy/glass fiber hybrid composites was evaluated using end notch flexure (ENF) specimens. The hybrid composites showed increased Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness. The optimal bead volume fraction was around 15%.     

Effect of Microstructure on Strength of Si3N4-SiC Composite System

The Si₃N₄-SiC composite system was investigated to better understand the effect of microstructure on the strength-controlling factors, i.e. fracture energy, elastic modulus, and crack size. Silicon carbide dispersions with average particle sizes of 5, 9, and 32 μm were used to form 3 composite series within this system, each containing 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.40 vol fraction of the dispersed phase. These composites were fabricated by hot-pressing. Fracture energy and strength values were measured for each composite. A linear relation between the elastic modulus of the two phases was assumed. The crack size was calculated for each composite using the appropriate property values. The strength behavior of the 9- and 32-μm series was controlled by the crack size, which, in turn, was controlled by the particle size and volume fraction of the SiC phase. Particle size and volume fraction did not affect the crack size of the 5-μm series, in which strength was controlled by both fracture energy and elastic modulus. Strengths measured at 1400°C and thermal conductivity measurements indicate that several of these composites are promising as high-temperature structural materials.     

Thermal behaviour of multi-walled carbon nanotube/polymer composites using lattice Boltzmann method

A three-dimensional computational model was developed to study the thermal behaviour of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT)-polymer composites. A lattice Boltzmann algorithm has been introduced to tackle the conjugate heat transfer among different phases. The model was validated by comparing with the theoretical solutions and simulation results. The effects of the orientation, volume fraction and diameter of MWNTs on the effective thermal conductivity (λ_e) of composites were quantified. It is found that the effective thermal conductivity of the composites weakens with the variation of MWNTs orientation angle, and the decrease extent deduces gradually. Moreover, with the same orientation angle, the λ_e of the composites increases with the volume fraction of MWNTs. It also indicates that MWNTs with a small diameter at a constant volume fraction can promote the thermal conductivity of the composites more efficiently than that with a larger diameter.