复合材料-铝合金碾铆与螺栓连接强度对比分析

通过碾铆连接和螺栓连接对复合材料-铝合金进行了连接实验,对两种连接方式的接头进行了静拉伸测试,对比分析了有无垫片和是否粘接两种因素对接头连接强度和能量吸收的影响。结果表明:添加垫圈后,两种接头的峰值载荷趋于一致,但螺栓连接接头的失效位移高于碾铆连接接头,且其能量吸收值比碾铆连接接头高16.29%,有更强的缓冲吸震能力;引入粘接对两种接头的抗拉伸强度影响不大,螺栓连接失效的峰值载荷略高于碾铆连接,两种接头的失效位移和能量吸收基本相同。     

吸湿与干燥对车用聚氨酯胶粘剂接头失效的影响

为研究单一湿度和干燥恢复对聚氨酯粘接接头失效的影响,选择常温浸泡环境对粘接接头进行0(未老化)、10、20和30 d的老化作用,在潮湿和干燥两种状态下对粘接接头进行准静态失效测试,分析失效载荷和失效模式的变化规律,揭示聚氨酯粘接接头的失效机理。研究结果表明:在潮湿状态下的粘接接头失效载荷和接头刚度随着浸泡时间逐渐下降,但是下降趋势逐渐减缓,失效断面由内聚失效转变为混合失效,说明粘接接头在潮湿状态下的性能变化主要由胶层吸湿和界面失效引起;经过干燥之后,粘接接头的失效载荷和接头刚度都得到了恢复,且略高于未老化接头,失效模式又恢复为内聚失效,说明干燥之后粘接接头性能的提高主要由后固化引起。因此,提高车辆聚氨酯粘接结构在潮湿状态下的力学性能的关键在于提高粘接界面的力学性能。     

保温时间对低体积分数SiCp/A356复合材料真空钎焊影响

在真空度为10-3 Pa、加热速率为20 ℃/min、加热温度为565℃的条件下,使用Al-5 Si-28Cu-Zn-Ti钎料,采用不同保温时间分别对体积分数20％的SiCP/A356复合材料进行真空钎焊,测定了钎焊接头的抗剪切强度以及接头显微硬度,分析了不同保温时间对钎焊接头性能的影响.结果表明,接头抗剪强度和焊缝硬度均随保温时间的延长先增加后减小.当保温时间25 min时,钎焊接头抗剪强度最大,为28.35 MPa,此时,焊缝硬度最高,为127.2HV.对比不同保温时间下钎焊接头综合性能,25 min保温时间最好.     

胶层厚度对拉伸试样应力分布影响的数值分析

运用弹塑性有限元法研究了胶层厚度对承受拉伸载荷的对接接头胶层内应力分布的影响．三维有限元法数值分析的结果表明，随胶层厚度减小，胶层中正应力SZ与剪应力SYZ的分布趋于均匀；而对正应力SY而言，胶层厚度为0．15mm时，其边缘峰值应力最低。     

胶厚对钛合金-复合材料接头胶接性能的影响

采用钛合金与芳纶纤维复合材料制备了不同胶层厚度的单搭接接头。利用DIC与万能试验机对接头进行了拉伸-剪切性能测试,研究了不同胶层厚度异质材料的接头胶接性能、应变场与破坏模式的变化规律,分析了在拉伸载荷下,不同胶层厚度接头的失效特点。结果表明,当胶层厚度由0. 2 mm增加至1. 2 mm时,接头极限载荷由6. 13k N降低至5. 89 k N,损伤后剩余强度降低,薄胶层接头出现渐进失效;复合材料端头高剥离与拉伸应变区域面积增加,厚胶层与被胶接件一同变形,导致接头提前失效;钛合金-胶层界面破坏模式增多,芳纶纤维复合材料层间破坏模式减少;接头在发生复合材料层间破坏后,仍能够保持较高的剩余强度,当钛合金-胶层界面遭到破坏后,易整体失效。     

CFRP与铝板胶螺混合连接结构拉伸性能研究

基于三维渐进损伤理论,建立了复合材料层合板-铝板双搭接胶接连接、螺栓连接、胶螺混合连接结构拉伸强度预测模型,数值仿真结果与试验高度吻合,验证了所建模型的可行性。在此基础上,探究了搭接宽度、搭接长度、胶层厚度、接触面摩擦系数和螺栓个数等参数对胶螺混合连接结构拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:随着搭接宽度和搭接长度的增加,接头失效载荷先逐渐增加后趋于稳定,最优搭接宽度和搭接长度为30 mm和35 mm;胶层厚度对混合连接结构的拉伸失效载荷基本没有影响;胶螺混合连接结构中螺栓接头和层合板之间、螺栓与孔之间的摩擦系数越大,连接结构的拉伸失效载荷越大;在搭接区域相同的情况下,双钉混合连接结构的拉伸失效载荷比单钉的拉伸失效载荷提高了69%。     

碳纤维/乙烯基酯树脂复合材料拉伸性能研究

研究了碳纤维进行氧化处理、铺层形式,以及紫外光照射和不同溶液介质浸泡处理等,对碳纤维/乙烯基酯树脂复合材料拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:碳纤维最佳氧化工艺为浓硝酸氧化1 h,空气氧化温度250℃,空气氧化30 min。碳纤维最佳铺层设计为[0°,0°,45°]2s。随紫外光照射时间增加,复合材料拉伸强度呈先增后降趋势,120 h时达最大值。溶液介质浸泡会降低复合材料的拉伸强度。温度相同溶液介质不同时,复合材料在NaOH溶液中拉伸强度降低程度最大,温度提高会加速复合材料失效老化。     

电热载荷对CFRP修理搭接接头剪切性能的影响

采用单层预浸料搭接简化构型,研究电热载荷对复合材料层板挖补修理搭接接头层间剪切性能的影响。通过自制的复合材料电热测试平台,测试了不同电流制度下,随搭接长度不同试样接头处温度分布。研究了不同电流强度下搭接接头温度变化规律,初步揭示了搭接接头长度-温度-电阻之间的关系,并对不同电流载荷下挖补搭接接头的层间剪切性能进行研究。研究结果表明,通电过程中,搭接区域温度升高较快,非搭接区域温度无明显变化。低电流时,电热促使接头树脂进一步固化,适当提高了接头搭接界面的粘接性能,其剪切强度略有上升;当通电电流过大时,接头温度急剧上升,对搭接区域产生过热损伤,降低了接头的剪切强度。     

汽车用胶粘剂的动载荷老化行为研究

对比分析了两种胶粘剂(S265和B7)制成粘接件的动载荷老化行为,考察了载荷水平对粘接件剩余强度的影响。研究结果表明:S265剪切粘接件和拉伸粘接件的初始强度都要高于B7粘接件,S265和B7粘接件的失效疲劳循环次数都随着载荷减小而增大。在不同载荷下,S265和B7粘接件的剩余强度都会随着疲劳循环次数增加而逐渐减小;在S265和B7粘接件的拉伸或者剪切载荷老化试验过程中,纯拉伸和纯剪切试件的疲劳循环次数随着载荷的变化规律相同,都表现为随着载荷增加,粘接件的疲劳循环次数呈现逐渐升高的特征;在相同载荷作用下,剪切粘接件的疲劳循环次数都低于拉伸粘接件。B7粘接件抑制载荷老化的能力会优于S265粘接件,且相较于拉伸粘接件,剪切粘接件的强度受载荷老化的影响更大。     

旋翼调整片粘接强度分析与影响因素研究

详细分析了旋翼调整片粘接剥离破坏过程和应力分布变化,并研究了粘接宽度和胶层厚度对粘接强度的影响。使用共固化制备相应的粘接试样,通过剥离试验得到接头的破坏模式及载荷-位移曲线。研究结果表明:接头有限元数值分析结果与试验相契合,接头破坏形式为调整片粘接界面的破坏,破坏为从左向右和由边向中逐渐发生失效;粘接强度随胶接宽度的增加而提高,但增长速度逐步变缓,80 mm为较优搭接宽度值;粘接强度受胶层厚度影响较小,增加厚度时粘接强度先缓慢增加后下降。     

Thermal characteristics of tubular single lap adhesive joints under axial loads

When an adhesive joint is exposed to high environmental temperature, the tensile load capability of the adhesive joint decreases because both the elastic modulus and failure strength of the adhesive decrease. The thermo-mechanical properties of a structural adhesive can be improved by addition of fillers to the adhesive. In this paper, the elastic modulus and failure strength of adhesives as well as the tensile load capability of tubular single lap adhesive joints were experimentally and theoretically investigated with respect to the volume fraction of filler (alumina) and the environmental temperature. Also the tensile modulus of the filler containing epoxy adhesive was predicted using a new equation which considers filler shape, filler content, and environmental temperature. The tensile load capability of the adhesive joint was predicted by using the effective strain obtained from the finite element analysis and a new failure model, from which the relation between the bond length and the crack length was developed with respect to the volume fraction of filler.     

Influence of Fabrication Residual Thermal Stresses on Rubber-toughened Adhesive Tubular Single Lap Steel-Steel Joints under Tensile Load

The tensile load bearing capability of adhesively-bonded tubular single lap joints which is calculated under the assumption of linear mechanical adhesive properties is usually much less than the experimentally-determined because the majority of the load transfer of adhesively-bonded joints is accomplished by the nonlinear behavior of rubber-toughened epoxy adhesives. Also, as the adhesive thickness increases, the calculated tensile load bearing capability with the linear mechanical adhesive properties increases, while, on the contrary, the experimentally-determined tensile load bearing capability decreases.

In this paper, the stress analysis of adhesively-bonded tubular single lap steel-steel joints under tensile load was performed taking into account the nonlinear mechanical properties and fabrication residual thermal stresses of the adhesive. The nonlinear tensile properties of the adhesive were approximated by an exponential equation which was represented by the initial tensile modulus and ultimate tensile strength of the adhesive.

Using the results of stress analysis, the failure criterion for the adhesively-bonded tubular single lap steel-steel joints under tensile load was developed, which can be used to predict the load-bearing capability of the joint. From the failure criterion, it was found that the fracture of the adhesively-bonded joint was much influenced by the fabrication residual thermal stresses.     

A Method of Predicting the Stresses in Adhesive Joints after Cyclic Moisture Conditioning

The durability of adhesive joints is of special concern in structural applications and moisture has been identified as one of the major factors affecting joint durability. This is especially important in applications where joints are exposed to varying environmental conditions throughout their life. This paper presents a methodology to predict the stresses in adhesive joints under cyclic moisture conditioning. The single lap joints were manufactured from aluminium alloy 2024 T3 and the FM73®-BR127® adhesive-primer system. Experimental determination of the mechanical properties of the adhesive was carried out to measure the effect of moisture uptake on the strength of the adhesive. The experimental results revealed that the tensile strength of the adhesive decreased with increasing moisture content. The failure strength of the single lap joints also progressively degraded with time when conditioned at 50°C, immersed in water; however, most of the joint strength recovered after drying the joints. A novel finite element based methodology, which incorporated moisture history effects, was adopted to determine the stresses in the single lap joints after curing, conditioning, and tensile testing. A significant amount of thermal residual stress was present in the adhesive layer after curing the joints; however, hygroscopic expansion after the absorption of moisture provided some relief from the curing stresses. The finite element model used moisture history dependent mechanical properties to predict the stresses after application of tensile load on the joints. The maximum stresses were observed in the fillet areas in both the conditioned and the dried joints. Study of the stresses revealed that degradation in the strength of the adhesive was the major contributor in the strength loss of the adhesive joints and adhesive strength recovery also resulted in recovered joint strength. The presented methodology is generic in nature and may be used for various joint configurations as well as for other polymers and polymer matrix composites.     

Strength and interface failure mechanism of adhesive joints

Adhesive joints have a wide range of applications in the civil engineering, automotive and aircraft industries. In the present research, we use the finite element method to systematically study the overall strength and interface failure mechanism of single lap joints, which are subjected to tensile loading, focusing on the effects of various system parameters including fracture energy of the adhesive layer, overlap length and adhesive layer thickness on the load-bearing capability of the joints. The results show that the overlap length and the adhesive fracture energy have combined influences on the load-bearing capability. On the other hand, a preliminary damage analysis of the adhesive layer is carried out, considering the situations when the loads arrive to the peak values. Furthermore, the interface behavior is investigated, including the interface stress analysis and interface slip. The rotation of the joint during loading and its influence factors are studied as well. Obtained results suggest that the interface stress distributions are related to the slip and the rotation angle.     

搭接长度对钛合金-芳纶纤维复合材料单搭接接头胶接性能的影响

采用钛合金与芳纶纤维复合材料制备不同搭接长度的单搭接接头。利用数字图像相关技术（DIC）、万能试验机等表征方法,对接头拉伸应变与极限载荷进行表征,研究了搭接长度对异质材料单搭接接头胶接性能与破坏模式的变化规律。结果表明,随着搭接长度的增加,单搭接接头极限载荷提升,胶接强度降低,高搭接长度接头出现渐进损伤;偏心弯矩引起的接头偏移减少,搭接部位纵向应变区域面积占比降低;芳纶纤维复合材料层间破坏模式增多,钛合金?胶层界面破坏模式减少,剥离复合材料层数增加。     

Failure analysis of AA8011-pultruded GFRP adhesively bonded similar and dissimilar joints

In this work, a comparative failure analysis of aluminum (AA8011/AA8011) and glass fiber reinforced polyester (GFRP/GFRP) based similar and dissimilar joints is presented. The GFRP is prepared using pultrusion technique. Single lap joints are prepared by using Araldite R2011 epoxy as an adhesive. The lap joints are then tested under tension to estimate the average shear strength of the assembly. It is observed that the average bond strength of AA8011/AA8011 is lesser than that of the GFRP/GFRP joint. The failure of similar joints occurred by fracture within the adhesive. The dissimilar joint is failed predominantly by interface debonding. Further, a detailed three dimensional stress analysis of the joints is carried out using finite element method (FEM). The damage analysis of adhesive layer is carried out by coupling FEM with cohesive zone model (CZM). The stress, damage distributions and failure mechanisms are compared for similar joints in detail. A failure mechanism is proposed for AA8011/AA8011 type joint that favours a rapid crack growth in the adhesive after crack initiation, which is responsible for lesser bond strength. The increase in overlap length has positive effect that the peak load increases proportionally with overlap length.     

Strength Analysis of Adhesively-Bonded Tubular Single Lap Steel-Steel Joints Under Axial Loads Considering Residual Thermal Stresses

The static tensile load bearing capability of adhesively-bonded tubular single lap joints calculated using linear mechanical adhesive properties is usually far less than the experimentally-determined one because the majority of the load transfer of adhesively-bonded joints is accomplished by the nonlinear behavior of the rubber-toughened epoxy adhesive

In this paper, both the nonlinear mechanical properties and the residual thermal stresses in the adhesive resulting from joint fabrication were included in the stress calculation of adhesively-bonded joints. The nonlinear tensile properties of the adhesive were approximated by an exponential equation which was represented by the initial tensile modulus and ultimate tensile strength of the adhesive.

From the tensile tests and the stress analyses of adhesively-bonded joints, a failure model for adhesively-bonded tubular single lap joints under axial loads was proposed.     

胶接面纤维铺层角度对复合材料胶接应力和强度影响分析

为研究复合材料胶接面铺层对接头强度的影响,以单搭接接头为研究对象,通过铺层设计使接头的被粘物具有相同的拉伸模量和弯曲模量,但胶接面的铺层角度不同,使用有限元法对不同铺层的接头进行建模,分析接头胶接面和胶层的应力,引入Tsai-Wu失效因子对胶接面铺层进行评估。结果表明:胶接面铺层角度对应力分布有一定影响,0°胶接面会造成较大的胶层应力,但胶接面的应力和失效因子较小;90°铺层下胶层应力最小,但胶接面的应力和失效因子水平较高;45°下胶接面的失效因子和胶层应力水平介于两者之间。通过与实验结果对比,得出了胶接面铺层角度影响接头强度及破坏模式的一般性规律。     

碱溶液、紫外线及其交叉环境下BFRP筋耐久性能试验研究

为研究直径和腐蚀环境对BFRP筋拉伸力学性能影响,开展了三种直径(6 mm、8 mm、10 mm)BFRP筋试件在自然环境、碱溶液环境(pH=10)、紫外线照射环境(辐照度为550W/m~2)及两种腐蚀环境交叉作用下拉伸试验,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对BFRP筋拉伸断裂进行了分析,并对试验结果进行了研究。主要结论如下:三种不同环境作用下,随着腐蚀时间延长,BFRP筋抗拉强度减小且强度退化率逐渐下降,BFRP筋弹性模量上下波动均不超过5%,且无明显规律,断裂伸长率变化趋势与拉伸强度基本相同;紫外线环境下BFRP筋抗拉强度有退化和不完全恢复现象;交叉环境下直径分别为6 mm和8 mm BFRP筋抗拉强度也有退化和不完全恢复现象,10 mm BFRP筋则没有。基于本文所定义的耐久性衰减速率,对直径分别为6mm和8 mm BFRP筋耐久性的影响,碱环境最大,交叉环境居中,紫外线环境最小;对10 mm BFRP筋耐久性的影响,交叉环境最大,碱环境居中,紫外线环境最小。三种不同环境作用下,直径为6 mm BFRP筋耐久性衰减平均速率均最大,直径为10 mm的测试结果均最小。