一种基于线性SVM的级联分类器的构造方法

为了对目标进行快速的检测,提出了一种新的基于支持向量机的级联式分类器的构造方法。该级联分类器由若干个线性SVM弱分类器构成,结构简单,分类时间极快。针对级联结构中的每个节点的训练给出了一个新的SVM框架下的二次规划模型,这使得每个节点都有较高的正样本检测率和适当的负样本错检率。实际的实验结果表明,与经典非线性SVM分类器相比,这种分类器在保持SVM较强泛化性能的优点的同时,在检测效率方面更是具有明显的优势。     

基于线性SVM的级联检测算子的构建

本文介绍了一种基于支持向量机(SVM)理论的线性级联式分类器,用于解决较复杂目标的快速检测问题.该分类器由若干个线性SVM分类器组成,结合了级联分类器和SVM理论的优点,给出了级联结构中的每个节点的约束最优化模型,使得每个节点都有较高的正样本检测率和适当的负样本错检率.实验结果表明,与经典非线性svM分类器相比,这种分类器在保持SCM较强泛化性能的优点的同时,在检测效率方面更是具有明显的优势.     

基于AdaBoost-SVM级联分类器的行人检测

针对实时行人检测中AdaBoost级联分类算法存在的问题,改进AdaBoost级联分类器的训练算法,提出了Ada-Boost-SVM级联分类算法,它结合了AdaBoost和SVM两种算法的优点.对自定义样本集和PET图像库进行行人检测实验,实验中选择固定大小的窗口作为候选区域并利用类Haar矩形特征进行特征提取,通过AdaBoost-SVM级联分类器进行分类.实验结果表明AdaBoost-SVM级联分类器的分类器准确率达到99.5％,误报率低于0.05％,优于AdaBoost级联分类器,训练时间要远远小于SVM分类器.     

基于L-SVM的级联检测器的构造

为了实现目标的快速检测,提出了一种新的基于拉格朗日支持向量机（L-SVM）的线性级联式分类器的构造方法。该方法首先根据样本的几何分布,用迭代的方式把负样本分成若干部分与正样本线性可分的样本;然后用L-SVM对这些正负样本进行分类,得到若干个线性分类器;最后,将这些线性分类器顺次组合,构成级联分类器。实验表明,与经典非线性SVM分类器相比,这种分类器在保持SVM较强泛化性能的优点的同时,在检测效率方面更是具有明显的优势。     

基于多尺度方向特征的快速鲁棒人体检测算法

提出一种多尺度方向(multi-scale orientation,简称MSO)特征描述子用于静态图片中的人体目标检测.MSO特征由随机采样的图像方块组成,包含了粗特征集合与精特征集合.其中,粗特征是图像块的方向,而精特征由Gabor小波幅值响应竞争获得.对于两种特征,分别采用贪心算法进行选择,并使用级联Adaboost算法及SVM训练检测模型.基于粗特征的Adaboost分类器能够保证高的检测速度,而基于精特征的SVM分类器则保证了检测精度.另外,通过MSO特征块的平移,使得所提算法能够检测多视角的人体.通过对于MSO特征块的装配,使得算法能够检测人群中相互遮挡的人体目标.在INRIA公共测试集合及SDL多视角测试集合上的实验结果表明,算法具有对视角与遮挡的鲁棒性和较高的检测速度.     

复杂背景下人体检测算法

静态图像的人体识别技术在实际视频监控场景中, 面临背景复杂、图像分辨率低、光照影响和噪声干扰等问题, 这些多变性以及可能发生的遮挡给单一图像中的人体识别技术提出了挑战. 设计和实现一种复杂背景下的人体检测算法, 基于HOG人体检测算法, 使用积分直方图计算HOG特征, 并用级联SVM分类器对样本进行训练. 实验结果表明, 该算法在复杂视频监控场景中进行人体检测比其它人体检测算法具有更高的准确率和更快的检测速度.     

基于Adaboost和SVM的人头实时检测

针对复杂场景图像中的人头检测问题,提出一种Adaboost与支持向量机(SVM)相结合的检测算法.该算法重点对Adaboost特征进行了改进,用Adaboost对人头进行快速检测,并引入级联的SVM分类器对Adaboost检测结果进行逐级筛选,从而实现对人头的精确检测.实验表明,该方法降低了Adaboost运算复杂度,提高了特征分类能力,引入级联SVM分类器在保证高检测率的同时,降低了误检率,对复杂场景具有较强的鲁棒性.     

基于颜色和变形模板的实时人体检测

针对目前人体检测算法存在不能检测多角度人体目标以及实时性差等问题,提出了一种在静态图像中实时检测任意角度人体目标的算法。该算法分别利用目标颜色和轮廓两类特征构造两种检测器。颜色检测器首先进行基于面部肤色和头部发色的彩色分割,然后引入积分图像算法快速提取分割后的图像头部目标区域。轮廓检测器利用头肩轮廓形状的稳健性,用参数化变形模板对头肩轮廓建模,该模板由两个存在几何尺度和位置约束的椭圆构成,再定义两个不同计算复杂度的模板匹配策略对人体头肩部分进行分级检测。最后利用上述两种检测器构建一个级联检测系统,级联检测结构大大提高了算法的速度,使算法可以对分辨率为352×288的图像做30 fps的实时检测,实验结果表明,该算法是切实有效的。     

基于级联支持向量机的人脸图像性别识别

提出一种由若干个支持向量机(SVM)分类器串连而成的级联SVM算法,用于人脸图像性别识别。该算法把容易被前一层分类器分类的训练样本过滤掉,将难度较高的训练样本重新组织起来训练新一层的分类器。结合级联分类器和SVM理论的优势,在训练过程中能够使用更多的样本,具有更好的识别性能。在同一硬件实验条件下的实验结果表明,单层SVM最多只能训练7万样本,而四层级联SVM的训练样本数可达12万以上,相应的识别率也从96.6%上升至98.4%。     

基于级联支持向量机融合多特征的人脸检测

人脸图像中包含丰富的特征信息,不同特征具有其各自的优势。基于此,提出一种基于级联支持向量机有效融合多种特征的人脸检测算法。该算法首先利用肤色模型对待检图像进行预处理,筛选出疑似人脸区域。然后在疑似区域中提取图像的HOG(Histogram of Oriented Gradients)和LBP(Local Binary Patterns)特征,并分别对这两种特征集进行特征选择,训练两个SVM(Support Vector Machine)分类器,最后将两个SVM分类器级联起来实现人脸检测。在多个人脸图像数据库上的实验结果表明,该人脸检测算法提高了人脸检测率,降低了误检率,并且对多种光照条件、姿态、表情以及部分遮挡的情况都具有较好的鲁棒性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.