油水井套管的腐蚀及防护理论、实验与应用--手镯式阳极套管现场试验

采用现场接触测试法,测试了手镯式阳极套管在现场的应用情况,并验证了手镯式阳极套管室内实验结论的正确性。试验结果表明,手镯式阳极对套管可起到延缓腐蚀的作用,套管保护电位小于—0.85V(Cu／cuSO4参比电极),套管保护电流可极化到地下100m,具有实际应用价值。     

油水井套管的腐蚀及防护理论、实验与应用--手镯阳极防腐套管应用准则

针对大庆油田油水井套管腐蚀渗漏日趋严重 ,研制了手镯阳极防腐套管 .室内实验及现场应用实验证明了该法的良好适用性 ,为在大庆油田企业中推广和应用 ,编写了适用于大庆油田的手镯阳极套管应用准则 .     

油水井套管的腐蚀及防护理论、实验与应用--纵向深井水池套管外挂阳极串保护效果模拟实验

通过室内模拟实验 ,考察了阳极埋入方式、阳极埋入深度、阴—阳极间距离及阳极间距对深井套管纵向电位的影响 .结果表明 ,对阳极采用深埋方式为宜 ,且阳极以串、并联组合方式连接 ,阳极埋入深度以 5 0～ 65m为宜 ;阴—阳极间距以 9～ 14m为宜 ,深井阳极串阳极间距以 3m左右为宜 .在该条件下 ,套管上的电极电位超出标准保护电位 -3 8mV ,故对套管的保护深度增大     

油水井套管的腐蚀及防护理论、实验与应用--外挂阳极串套管现场试验

根据地下参比电极接触测试原理,测试了套管被保护前后纵向深度上的套管自然电位、套管保护电位、阳极工作电位和阳极开路电位。试验结果表明,阳极工作电位都小于—0。93V,套管保护电位都小于—0。85V(Cu／CuSO4参比电极),阳极工作正常,电位稳定,分布均匀,整个保护系统处于良好的工作状态。     

绝缘套管式避雷针实验研究

本文介绍了绝缘套管式避雷针的模拟实验。得出了比普通避雷针引雷能力和保护范围大得多的实验结果。指出了绝缘套管避雷针引雷能力强．的机理是空间电荷使电场增强的缘故。并通过模拟实验、进一步验证了对引雷机理的解释。     

油水井套管的腐蚀及防护理论、实验与应用--油水井套管电化学保护测试方法

通过对比各种电化学保护测试法 ,介绍了接触测试法在对套管保护电位测量中的应用 .由于参比电极与套管间的距离缩短 ,使参比电极处于被测套管的被测点处 ,证明该法能够反映套管的被保护情况 ,但测试费用较高 ,一般仅在条件允许或具有实验价值的测量时采用 .而地表保护电位测试法、瞬间断电法、E -lgI测试法等建议在常规测试中应用 .     

套管气力输送探讨

本文分析了稀相吸气式垂直提升气力输送中采用圆形截面输料管输送颗粒状物料时存在的问题.论述了采用套管即环形截面管气力输送的优越性及在节能方面的意义.探讨了套管试验的实验方法及有关输送参数,对套管气力输送实验的结果反复验证,得出初步结论,指出套管气力输送的实用可行性.     

双层组合套管的方案设计与性能评价

我国的石油套管损坏井绝大部分都集中在盐岩、泥（页）岩、膏岩、膏盐岩等软岩地层中。在文中就目前我国复杂地层的套管柱设计的不合理性进行了详细的剖析。经过５年多的研究，搞清了超高压地层套管损坏的机理，在此基础上提出了在超高压地层使用双层组合套管的设计方案，特别是局部双层组合套管设计方案，并就各种方案的设计与优选、经济效益评估及施工工艺进行了详细介绍，得出了使用局部双层组合套管是解决超高压地层套管变形的最佳方案的结论。     

针翅套管双侧强迫对流换热实验研究

为了解新型针翅套管双侧强化传热元件的换热特性,以润滑油-水为工质,对针翅套管进行了双侧强迫对流换热实验研究,分析了针翅高度与针翅管节距对换热的影响.研究结果表明:针翅套管换热元件具有良好换热效果,其双侧强迫对流换热特性与普通流道不同,由于针翅的扰动,流体在实验范围内已表现出紊流换热的特征;润滑油进出口温差对换热具有双重的影响.实验范围内,针翅管的针翅高度对换热影响较大,而针翅管节距对换热的影响相对较小.回归出的针翅套管双侧强迫对流换热实验关联式对实验结果能进行很好的关联,为进一步的研究工作奠定基础.     

热采井套管损坏防治技术及应用

稠油油井经过多轮次的注汽呑吐,套管均发生不同程度的损坏。在工艺上这主要是由于油井的防砂管柱与热采的注汽管柱之间有5m～20m的未连接空间,导致高压热蒸汽在这里与套管接触,对油层套管产生很大的损坏,并损失一定的热量。为此,防止套管损坏的热采工艺管柱---悬挂式注汽管采油一体化管柱、注汽管柱插管对接密封技术和环空充氮技术就有效解决了这一技术难题,该工艺管柱与井下防砂管柱及注汽管柱配合,可提高油井的注汽质量,有效保护油层套管,延长套管使用寿命。     

深井套管阴极保护干扰的数值模拟研究

为了研究深井套管阴极保护干扰问题,首先利用边界元方法建立了管线阴极保护干扰的数学模型, 然后采用BEASY软件分别模拟研究了土壤电导率、涂层破损率、阳极输出电流、阳极位置以及套管间距对干扰腐蚀的影响规律。模拟结果表明,随着土壤电导率的增大,整条管线的电位降低且分布均匀,管线受干扰的程度降低;较小的防腐层缺陷往往使干扰更加集中;阳极输出电流的增大使管线干扰腐蚀加剧;随着阳极距离以及两套管间距离的增大,套管的干扰腐蚀程度降低,但阳极距离增大时,受干扰管线由阳极干扰转变为阴极干扰。最后,针对深井套管间存在的干扰问题,将两套管进行电连接,可有效地避免套管间的干扰腐蚀。     

Fabrication and anodic polarization behavior of lead-based porous anodes in zinc electrowinning

A new type of lead-based porous anode in zinc electrowinning was prepared by negative pressure infiltration. The anodic polarization potential and corrosion rate were studied and compared with those of traditional fiat anodes （Pb-0.8%Ag） used in industry. The anode corrosion rate was determined by anode actual current density and microstructure. The results show that the anodic oxygen evolution potential decreases first and then increases with the decrease of pore diameter. The anodic potential decreases to the lowest value of 1.729 V at the pore diameter of 1.25-1.60 mm. The porous anode can decrease its actual current density and thus decrease the anodic corrosion rate. When the pore diameter is 1.60-2.00 mm, the anodic relative corrosion rate reaches the lowest value of 52.1%.     

Preparation and electrochemical properties of Pb-0.3wt%Ag/Pb-WC composite inert anodes

We prepared Pb-0.3wt%Ag/Pb-WC(WC stands for tungsten carbide,the same below) composite inert anodes by double-pulse electrodeposition on the surface of Pb-0.3wt%Ag substrates,and investigated the electrochemical properties of the composite inert anodes,which were obtained under different forward pulse average current densities from 2 A/dm~2 to 5 A/dm~2 and WC concentrations from 0 g/L to 40 g/L in bath.The kinetic parameters of oxygen evolution,corrosion potential and corrosion current of the composite inert anodes were obtained in a synthetic zinc electrowinning electrolyte of 50 g/L Zn~(2+) and 150 g/L H_2SO_4 at 35 ℃,by measuring the anodic polarization curves,Tafel polarization curves and cyclic voltammetry curves.The results show that Pb-0.3wt% Ag/Pb-WC composite inert anodes obtained under forward pulse average current density of 3 A/dm~2 and WC concentration of 30 g/L in an original acid plating bath,possess higher electrocatalytic activity of oxygen evolution,lower overpotential of oxygen evolution,better reversibility of electrode reaction and corrosion resistance in [ZnSO_4+H_2SO_4] solution.The overpotential of oxygen evolution of the composite inert anode is 0.926 V under 500 A/m~2 in [ZnSO_4+H_2SO_4] solution,and 245 mV lower than that of Pb-1% Ag alloy;the corrosion current of the composite inert anode is 0.95×10~(-4)A which is distinctly lower than that of Pb-1%Ag alloy,showing the excellent corrosion resistance.     

Influence of zinc on electrochemical discharge activity of Mg-6%Al-5%Pb anode

Mg-6%Al-5%Pb (mass fraction) anodes with different contents of zinc were prepared by melting and casting. The electrochemical discharge behavior of these anodes in 3.5% NaCl solutions was investigated by galvanostatic test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The microstructures and the corroded surfaces of these anodes were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and emission spectrum analysis (ESA). The phase structures and the corrosion products of the anodes were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that zinc promotes the grain refinement of Mg-6%Al-5%Pb anode and makes the average discharge potential of Mg-6%Al-5%Pb anode more negative during galvanostatic test. Mg-6%Al-5%Pb anode with the addition of 1% (mass fraction) zinc has the best electrochemical performance. The activation mechanism of zinc to Mg-6%Al-5%Pb anode is as follows: The hydrolyzation of dissolved Zn²⁺ ions reduces the pH value of the solution near the surface of the anode and accelerates the dissolution of Mg(OH)₂ film; The precipitated Zn(OH)₂ with similar structure as Mg(OH)₂ combines with Mg(OH)₂ film easily and makes it break down.     

固体氧化物燃料电池阳极基底造孔剂含量的研究

采用固相反应法制备阳极支撑型固体氧化物燃料电池的阳极基底,在阳极基底中加入不同含量的造孔剂.采用SEM观察阳极微结构,并用阿基米德排水法测量阳极的孔隙率.随着阳极中造孔剂含量的增多,阳极的孔隙率增加,电池的浓差极化被消除,电池性能明显提高.但是太高的孔隙率会降低阳极结构的强度,减少三相反应区的数量,降低电池的性能.本文通过对阳极中造孔剂的含量的研究,找到了合适的造孔剂的含量.     

氧化物夹杂对Al-Zn-In-Si牺牲阳极电化学性能的影响

以不同铁含量的Al-Zn-In-Si牺牲阳极为研究对象,考察了精炼前后阳极微观组织的变化.采用恒电流测试、动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗等测试手段,对阳极的电化学性能进行了研究.结果表明：氧化物夹杂的存在使阳极的开路电位和工作电位正移,阳极的极化程度增大,同时还造成了阳极电流效率在一定程度上的损失.