陶瓷书法《兰亭序》临写心得谈

在景德镇，传统意义上的书法，应该有瓷上书法与纸上书法两种。然而，纸上书法则是瓷上书法的基础，要写好瓷上书法，必须先要在纸上下功夫。     

专利文摘

<正>橡胶模具冷流道结构本实用新型包括上模板、冷流道板、隔热板、上型腔板、下型腔板、垫板。在冷流道板上设有浇道口和分流道,在冷流道板上还开设有用于通过冷却源的冷流道;在上型腔板和垫板上开设有穿置热源的冷流道;所述的上型腔板和下型腔板的接触面为分模面,上型腔板上的上型腔和下型腔板的下型腔相对,构成一个完整的型腔。     

输送带硫化机

由萧爱矿业设备(天津)有限公司申请的专利(公开号CN 202241733U,公开日期2012-05-30)"输送带硫化机",涉及的输送带硫化机包括上横梁、保护板、橡胶压力袋、上硫化板、下硫化板、下横梁、穿杠、安全销和螺栓。上、下硫化板设置在输送带两端部上、下表面上;橡胶压力袋和保护板设置在上硫化板上;上、下横梁设置在保护板上     

专利文摘

橡胶疲劳拉伸强度检测装置Rubber fatigue tensile strength testing device本实用新型提出一种橡胶疲劳拉伸强度检测装置,涉及橡胶性能检测技术领域,在机架上设上固定板,其上穿设移动轴,其上端设上固定盘和第一调节装置;上固定盘下方的上固定板上设下固定盘;上固定盘和下固定盘上均设有橡胶夹持模具,上固定盘和下固定盘中至少一个与其自身上的橡胶夹持模具之间设拉力传感器模块;机架上设立轴,其上可滑动地设有直线滑块,直线滑块与移动轴相连;移动轴下端可转动地连接连杆;机架上设第一电机,其接动力轴;动力轴接转动螺杆,其上设调节块和第二调节装置;调节块可转动地与连杆连接;第一电机和拉力传感器模块均与控制模块连接。     

工程设计中温度元件插入深度的选择

简述了管道上和设备上温度元件设计的通用原则和规范;探讨了温度元件在管道上和设备上的插入深度。     

专利文摘

一种橡胶密封图的缺陷检测装置 本实用新型提供了一种橡胶密封圈的缺陷检测装置,属于机械技术领域。它解决了现有橡胶密封圈缺陷检测不准确等技术问题。本橡胶密封圈的缺陷检测装置,包括工作台和固定在工作台上的支撑架,支撑架上设有能将橡胶密封圈固定在两者之间上定位环和下定位环,下定位环固定在支撑架上,下定位环的上端面具有下环形凹肩,上定位环位于下定位环的正上方,上定位环和下定位环之间螺纹连接有若干螺栓,螺栓穿过上定位环和下定位环并于上定位环和下定位环螺纹连接,上定位环的下端面具有上环形凹肩,支撑架上还设有能撑开固定在上定位环和下定位环之间的橡胶密封圈的撑开结构。     

全钢载重轮胎模具上盖刚度及疲劳寿命分析

通过对硫化时全钢载重轮胎模具上盖受力分析,并根据板壳理论中圆形薄板计算理论,得出上盖最大挠度和应力的计算公式。利用有限元模拟验证上盖的刚度,通过计算得到不同材料上盖的最小厚度和疲劳寿命。结果表明:不同材料上盖的最小厚度不同,45锻钢和Q235钢上盖最大变形量均小于0.05 mm,满足上盖刚度设计要求;45锻钢上盖最小厚度比Q235钢上盖减小1mm,疲劳寿命延长2.09%,使用寿命延长2.22%,45锻钢上盖使用性能较优。     

轮胎模具上盖力学性能分析

通过对硫化时的轮胎模具上盖进行受力分析,并根据弹塑性力学薄板计算理论,建立上盖受力简化力学模型。利用有限元模拟分析不同结构形式对轮胎模具1188壳体上盖应力和应变的影响。结果表明:增大上盖闭滑板面积可使上盖应力和应变减小;当上盖及上侧板为整体式结构且均采用Q235钢时,上盖的应力小于Q235钢的许用应力,变形量均小于0. 05 mm,满足设计要求;上盖与上侧板整体式结构的上盖应力和变形量较小。     

线上学习调查研究——以茅台学院为例

近两年，受疫情的影响，学校教学方式发生巨大变化和重大影响。相比传统的线下教学，线上学习在学习平台、学习模式、学习质量保证等方面有很大不同。基于高校学生线上学习的学习平台、教师教学模式、学生学习适应性、线上教学受欢迎程度、师生线上课堂互动、学生线上出勤、线上听课情况、线上教学存在的问题等，对茅台学院学生在疫情背景下的线上学习进行深入研究，通过数据统计、调查研究、文献分析等方法探究学生线上学习的现状、教学质量保障存在的问题及解决对策，以期为今后学校线上教学提供参考和借鉴，保证线上学习的质量。     

稀土上转换发光材料的研究与应用

稀土上转换发光材料是近年来发光材料领域研究的热点,结合稀土上转换发光材料的基质类型及特点,介绍了上转换过程的主要形式。通过对稀土离子上转换发光机理的分析,列举稀土上转换发光材料的主要应用领域,并针对如何提高上转换发光效率提出具体建议,为稀土上转换发光材料的研究提供理论参考。     

废旧聚酯瓶的固相缩聚增粘

本文以废旧聚酯瓶为原料，采用固相缩聚的方法，合成了特性粘度０．７－１．２范围的高分子量ＰＥＴ，使回收的聚酯瓶得以重新被利用。研究了聚合温度，聚合时间，原料颗粒度，真空度等对固相聚合速度的影响。初步探讨了固相聚合的机理和较佳的工艺参数，为废旧聚酯瓶的回收打下了基础。     

PET的固相聚合

利用固定床反应器研究聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（ＰＥＴ）预聚体颗粒在Ｎ２流场中的固相聚合，探讨了聚合温度和Ｎ２流速对聚合反应速率的影响，实验中解决了高温聚合时物料的粘结问题；利用ＤＳＣ分析固相聚合过程中聚合物结晶结构的变化；建立了动力学模型描述了小分子不稳定扩散和化学反应速率共同控制下的聚合反应历程；计算结果较好的反映了工艺操作条件对固相聚合反应的影响。     

Synthesis and thermal characterization of novel adamantane-based polysiloxane

Novel polysiloxane derivative having adamantyl moiety in the main chain (P1) was synthesized and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), and X-ray diffraction analysis. P1 was obtained by bulk polycondensation without catalysts as well as solution polycondensation of novel disilanol monomer, i.e., 1,3-bis[4-(dimethylhydroxysilyl)phenyl]adamantane (M1), which was prepared by the Grignard reaction using chlorodimethylsilane and 1,3-bis(4-bromophenyl)adamantane, followed by the hydrolysis catalyzed by 5% palladium on charcoal. The molecular weight of P1 was dependent on the concentration of M1 in solution polycondensation, and the high concentration of M1 would result in the high average molecular weight of P1. P1 exhibited the good solubility in common organic solvents, such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), chloroform, dichloromethane, and toluene. The glass transition temperature (T_g) of P1 determined from DSC would be dependent on the average molecular weight of P1. The highest T_g was 115 °C and much higher than that of poly(tetramethyl-1,4-silphenylenesiloxane) (−20 °C). The melting temperature (T_m) of P1 seemed to be independent of the average molecular weight of P1 and was in the range of 153-157 °C, which was comparable to the T_m of poly(tetramethyl-1,4-silphenylenesiloxane). The temperature at 5% weight loss (T_d5) of P1 determined by TG was also comparable to that of poly(tetramethyl-1,4-silphenylenesiloxane), indicating that P1 is a new polysiloxane derivative with the high T_g as well as good thermostability.     

Implementation of ionic liquids as activating media for polycondensation processes

Ionic Liquids (ILs) have been used for polycondensation processes, especially for polyimide synthesis. The influence of various reaction parameters including IL's cations and anions nature, monomer structure and concentration, reaction temperature, upon polyimide molecular weight (η_inh) was investigated. The possibility of process activation by the application of IL's small additives in one step polyimide synthesis in common organic solvents was demonstrated. The peculiarities of C-H?Br contacts in solid state were carried out using single crystal X-ray diffraction data. Various high molecular weight polyimides including commercial and sulfonated ones have been obtained in quantitative yields with inherent viscosities ranging from 0.10 to 2.17 dl g⁻¹.     

Poly(benzobisoxazole divinylene): synthesis, photophysical properties, and electron paramagnetic resonance studies

A new conjugated rigid-rod polymer, poly(benzobisoxazole divinylene) (PBODV) has been synthesized and characterized using FTIR, ¹H NMR, viscometry, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. UV absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy were also used to investigate the photophysical properties of these polymers in methanesulfonic acid in detail. The results show that the introduction of trans-vinylene segments into the poly(benzobisoxozale)s backbone narrowed the optical bandgap of this class of polymers. The excitation and emission spectra change significantly with the concentration both in shape and the peak positions, indicating the formation of aggregates in solution. Furthermore, electronic paramagnetic resonance studies show the intrinsic paramagnetic defects in the PBODV, which can be interpreted using a soliton-antisoliton model.     

Synthesis and properties of organosoluble polyimides based on 2,2′-diphenoxy-4,4′,5,5′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride

A novel method for the preparation of 2,2′-diphenoxy-4,4′,5,5′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride have been investigated. This new dianhydride contains flexible phenoxy side chain and a twist biphenyl moiety and it was synthesized by the nitration of an N-methyl protected 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and subsequent aromatic nucleophilic substitution with phenoxide. The overall yield was up to 75%. The dianhydride was polymerized with five different aromatic diamines to afford a series of aromatic polyimides. The polyimide properties such as inherent viscosity, solubility, UV transparency and thermaloxidative properties were investigated to illustrate the contribution of the introduction of phenoxy group at 2- and 2′-position of BPDA dianhydride. The resulting polyimides possessed excellent solubility in the fact that the polyimide containing rigid diamines such as 1,4-phenylenediamine and 4,4′-oxydianiline were soluble in various solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and chloroform. The glass-transition temperatures of the polymers were in the range of 255-283 °C. These polymers exhibited good thermal stability with the temperatures at 5% weight loss range from 470 to 528 °C in nitrogen and 451 to 521 °C in air, respectively. The polyimide films were found to be transparent, flexible, and tough. The films had a tensile strength, elongation at break, and Young's modulus in the ranges 105-168 MPa, 15-51%, 1.87-2.38 GPa, respectively.     

Preparation of π-conjugated polymers consisting of 2-decylbenzimidazole and thiophene units and chemical properties of the polymers

Polycondensation by Stille coupling of 2-decyl-4,7-dibromobenzimidazoles and N-methyl-2-decyl-4,7-dibromobenzimidazole with 2,5-bis(trimethylstannyl)thiophene and 5,5′-bis(trimethylstannyl)-2,2′-bithiophene gave the corresponding π-conjugated polymers, poly(2-decylbenzimidazole-4,7-diyl-thiophene-2,5-diyl) 1b, poly(2-decylbenzimidazole-4,7-diyl-bithiophene-2,5-diyl) 1c and poly(N-methyl-2-decylbenzimidazole-4,7-diyl-thiophene-2,5-diyl) 2b, in 98-99% yields. The polymers 1b and 2b were fully soluble in CF₃COOH, and partially soluble in DMF (about 60 and 40% for 1b and 2b, respectively) and NMP (about 70 and 40%, respectively). The NMP soluble part of 1b and DMF soluble part of 2b gave values of 0.36 and 0.24 dl g⁻¹ in NMP and DMF, respectively. The DMF soluble part of 1b, 1c and 2b showed absorption peaks at about 458, 465 and 388 nm, respectively, in DMF. In an alkaline medium the absorption peaks of 1b and 1c are shifted to a longer wavelength by 92-101 nm; the observed shifts in the acidic medium and alkaline medium were much larger than those observed with usual benzimidazoles with low molecular weights. Packing structures of 1b, 1c and 2b are discussed based on their XRD patterns.     

Solid state reaction of bifunctional bicyclo orthoesters and carboxylic acids and their metal adhesive properties

Five kinds of novel bifunctional bicyclo orthoesters (BOEs) were synthesized and copolymerized with multi-functional carboxylic acids, having plural carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, to develop functional materials usable as non-volatile adhesives. In a solid-state reaction of BOEs with the carboxylic acids, mechanical mixing converted the BOE moiety to a corresponding hydrolyzed form via ring-opening and isomerization reactions. The solid-state reaction, requiring moisture and mechanical stress, was accelerated by the higher reactivity given by the α-hydroxyl group in the acids. Superior adhesive bonding to the Ni-Cr alloyed metal substrate was achieved via a heating process at 150 °C, and high average tensile strengths of ∼80 MPa were obtained by using mixtures of BOEs and dl-tartaric acid. This highly adhesive property was achieved not only by polycondensation of BOE-hydrolyzates and the carboxylic acids, but also by polyaddition of BOEs and the carboxylic acids.     

Synthesis and properties of novel poly(tetramethylsilnaphthylenesiloxane) derivatives

Novel poly(tetramethylsilnaphthylenesiloxane) derivatives were synthesized and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), and X-ray diffraction analyses. Poly(tetramethylsilnaphthylenesiloxane) derivatives were obtained by condensation polymerization of the corresponding disilanol derivatives, i.e. 1,4-, 1,5-, 2,6-, and 2,7-bis(dimethylhydroxysilyl)naphthalenes, which were prepared by the Grignard reaction using chlorodimethylsilane and the corresponding dibromonaphthalene derivatives followed by the hydrolyses, catalyzed by palladium on charcoal. The obtained poly(tetramethyl-1,5-silnaphthylenesiloxane) was insoluble in common organic solvents; however, the other polymers exhibited the good solubility in common organic solvents, such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), chloroform, dichloromethane, and toluene. The introduction of tetramethyl-1,5-silnaphthylenesiloxane units into the resulting polymer was confirmed by ¹H NMR spectrum of the copolymer obtained by condensation copolymerization of 1,5-bis(dimethylhydroxysilyl)naphthalene with 1,4-bis(dimethylhydroxysilyl)naphthalene. It was revealed from the DSC and X-ray diffraction measurements that poly(tetramethyl-1,5-silnaphthylenesiloxane) and poly(tetramethyl-2,6-silnaphthylenesiloxane) exhibited the crystallinity; however, poly(tetramethyl-1,4-silnaphthylenesiloxane) and poly(tetramethyl-2,7-silnaphthylenesiloxane) were amorphous. The glass transition temperature (T_g) and the temperature at 5% weight loss (T_d5) of poly(tetramethylsilnaphthylenesiloxane) derivatives with dimethylsilyl group at 1-position of the naphthylene moiety were higher than those at 2-position of the naphthylene moiety. The T_g and melting point (T_m) of the present polymers were higher than those of poly(tetramethyl-1,4-silphenylenesiloxane).