中条山低品位铜矿地下溶浸的研究

对中条山铜矿矿峪铜矿的低品位含铜矿矿石进行了浸出研究,试验结果表明,经过86h的浸出,单独使用硫酸时铜的浸出率只有68．985,若加入3．14g/L的Fe^3 ,可使铜的浸出率提高到74．34％,若再加入5g/L的NaCl助浸,铜的浸出率则可提高到79．98％,化学物相和光学显微图像分析表明,氧化铜的浸出很快就可完成,辉铜矿和斑铜矿也以较快的速度降解的蓝辉铜矿和铜蓝,而铜蓝的浸出反应比较缓慢。     

高砷硫化铜精矿细菌浸出实验研究

针对含硫砷铜矿的高砷铜精矿进行细菌浸出实验研究,考查不同矿浆浓度、不同初始Fe~(2+)浓度和温度对铜精矿细菌浸出的影响。细菌浸出可以促进铜矿物的溶解,尤其是促进硫砷铜矿的氧化分解。在矿浆浓度4.0%,初始Fe~(2+)浓度2.5 g·L~(-1),浸出温度45℃,无菌条件下浸出85 d,铜精矿中铜、砷的浸出率分别为26.4%,1.26%。同等条件下,细菌浸出铜精矿中铜、砷的浸出率分别达62%,14%,分别为无菌对照的2.35倍和11.00倍。矿浆浓度和初始Fe~(2+)浓度对铜精矿的浸出具有显著影响:高矿浆浓度下砷的浸出受到明显抑制;过高和过低的Fe~(2+)浓度不利于砷的浸出,初始Fe~(2+)浓度在10.0 g·L~(-1)时,铜、砷的浸出率最高分别可达77.9%,11.9%,此时体系铁浓度维持在较低水平。高砷铜精矿细菌浸出实验结果表明,铜、砷浸出行为存在差异:由于蓝辉铜矿快速溶解,浸出60 d时铜快速浸出,随后浸出速率下降。细菌浸出过程中,浸出初期砷浸出率低于2%,随浸出时间的延长砷浸出率逐渐升高,说明硫砷铜矿后于蓝辉铜矿、铜蓝浸出。提高温度对硫砷铜矿的浸出有显著的促进作用。     

低品位次生硫化铜矿的细菌浸出研究

在硫酸体系中 ,对含有辉铜矿、蓝辉铜矿和铜蓝的低品位次生硫化铜矿的Fe3+ 浸出和细菌浸出进行了研究 ,通过对浸出过程的动力学进行分析 ,揭示了次生硫化铜矿的浸出过程和细菌浸出的作用机理 ,得出了细菌浸铜主要以间接机理进行的结论 ,提出了加快铜浸出速率的 2条途径。     

活性炭催化低品位原生硫化铜矿石酸浸研究

根据电化学原理,研究了活性炭催化低品位原生硫化铜矿石酸浸效果。结果表明,添加活性碳可以大大加快铜的浸出速度并提高铜浸出率;初始活性碳质量浓度为5.0g/L,最有利于铜的浸出;浸出240h后,铜浸出率升高到83%,比不添加活性炭时提高了近80%。活性碳加快浸铜速度并提高铜浸出率的原因是活性碳与黄铜矿之间形成了原电池。当有活性碳存在时,低品位原生硫化铜矿石在低氧化还原电位下比高氧化还原电位下更有利于浸出。     

白烟尘氧化浸出铜砷工艺研究

对某白烟尘进行两段酸浸和氧化酸浸浸出铜、砷试验。结果表明,该白烟尘采用常规酸浸工艺难以取得较好的指标,加入强氧化剂双氧水进行酸浸,可以提高铜、砷的浸出率,在L/S=10、初始硫酸浓度60g/L、30%双氧水用量1.0mL/g、反应温度80℃、充空气反应时间6h条件下,铜、砷浸出率分别为95.38%、89.65%。     

从刚果（金）某老尾矿中综合回收有价元素的试验研究

刚果(金)矿产资源丰富,老尾矿储量巨大,(金)某老尾矿含有硫化铜矿物主+要有蓝辉铜矿、斑铜矿、铜蓝和黄铜矿,铜的氧化矿物有孔雀石、硅孔雀石;钴矿物主要为硫钴矿和钴华。浮选试验采用石灰作为矿浆pH值调整剂、水玻璃和MA作为分散和抑制剂,NS4作为活化剂,丁基黄药作为捕收剂,综合回收硫化铜矿物、钴矿物及金银矿物。浮选尾矿采用湿法冶金浸出铜钴矿物。试验获得铜精矿铜品位32.13%,钴品位4.55g/t,金品位5.93g/t,银品位66.78g/t,全铜回收率为38.82%,非酸溶铜回收率为81.88%,钴回收率为45.55%,金回收率为48.48%,银回收率为38.97%。浮选尾矿铜浸出率为76.17%,酸溶铜浸出率为96.04%,钴浸出率为71.10%。选冶联合工艺铜总回收率为85.42%,钴总回收率为84.26%。采用浮选-浮选尾矿湿法浸出的选冶联合工艺,实现老尾矿中有价元素综合回收。     

铁离子对土状铜矿中铜浸出影响研究

考察Fe3+浓度、Fe3+/Fe2+对土状铜矿中铜浸出率的影响,分析了酸浸过程中铁离子提高铜浸出率的机理。结果表明,在矿浆浓度30%、酸浓度36.8g/L、12.0g/L硫酸铁溶液浸出土状矿48h后,铜浸出率为62.4%,与无铁时铜浸出率相比提高了10个百分点。其中有92.6%游离氧化铜、70.3%结合氧化铜、35.6%次生硫化铜和11.8%原生硫化铜被浸出,除原生硫化铜外,均比无铁时有明显提高。并且随着Fe2+/Fe3+的降低,铜浸出率逐渐增加。增加Fe3+浓度提高了溶液电位,从而提高铜浸出率。     

从铜混合矿中回收铜的试验研究

某矿石为铜混合矿石,铜的氧化矿物有孔雀石、硅孔雀石和蓝铜矿,硫化铜矿物主要有辉铜矿和少量的蓝辉铜矿、铜蓝和黄铜矿等。试验采用选冶联合工艺流程,浮选回收硫化铜矿物,浮选尾矿采用湿法冶金浸出氧化铜矿物。试验矿石中铜品位为2.55%,铜氧化率为72.94%。浮选作业全铜回收率为22.05%,硫化铜中铜回收率为77.28%,浮选尾矿湿法冶金氧化铜作业浸出率为96.74%,选冶总回收率为91.69%。     

铜蓝浸出化学动力学研究

模拟生物堆浸工艺条件,在硫酸铁酸性介质体系下,针对浸出温度、氧化还原电位和pH进行铜蓝化学浸出动力学试验研究。结果表明,硫酸铁酸性浸出铜蓝符合典型的缩核模型,速率受表面化学反应控制,而非扩散控制,表观活化能48.94kJ/mol。铜蓝的浸出率与温度和氧化还原电位呈正相关,pH对铜蓝浸出的影响微弱。在初始Fe3+浓度9.2g/L、Fe2+浓度3.0g/L、初始pH=1.00±0.05、氧化还原电位恒定在(720±10)mV(vs.SHE)、40℃条件下浸出288h,铜蓝的浸出率达到42.17%。     

蓝辉铜矿的细菌氧化浸出研究

研究了紫金山铜矿中主要目的矿物之一的蓝辉铜矿细菌浸出的过程和影响因素,考察了蓝辉铜矿纯矿物的浸出特性。实验室条件下细菌浸出蓝辉铜矿纯矿物的适宜参数为：接种量50%;培养基中Fe^2＋氧化量为60%。20 d浸出周期内蓝辉铜矿浸出率可达80%以上。通过向纯矿物浸出体系中添加黄铁矿探讨其强化浸出效果。结果表明：以1∶2或1∶1重量比添加黄铁矿能明显加快蓝辉铜矿的细菌浸出速率。通过对蓝辉铜矿和黄铁矿在浸出介质中静电位的测定表明,添加黄铁矿后能在浸出体系中形成较强的原电池效应,促进目的矿物的溶解。     

Leaching kinetics of copper from natural chalcocite in alkaline Na4EDTA solutions

The leaching behavior of copper from natural chalcocite (Cu₂S) particles in alkaline Na₄EDTA solutions containing oxygen was examined at atmospheric pressure. The EDTA leaching process took place with consecutive reactions, where the solid product of the first reaction, covellite (CuS), became the reactant for the second. The copper leached into the alkaline solutions was immediately consumed by the chelation of copper (II) with EDTA, and the mineral sulfur was completely oxidized to sulfate ion. The experimental data for the leaching rate of copper were analyzed with a familiar shrinking-particle model for reaction control. The conversion rate of chalcocite to covellite was found to be about 10 times as high as the dissolution rate of covellite. The time required for complete dissolution of covellite was directly proportional to the initial particle size and was inversely proportional to the square root of the product of the hydroxide ion concentration and the oxygen partial pressure, but it was independent of the Na4EDTA concentration in the presence of excess Na₄EDTA. The observed effects of the relevant operating variables on the dissolution rate were consistent with a kinetic model for electrochemical reaction control. The kinetic model was developed by applying the Butler-Volmer equation to the electrochemical process, in which the anodic reaction involves the oxidation of covellite to copper (II) ion and sulfate ion and the cathodic reaction involves the reduction of oxygen in alkaline solution. The rate equation allowed us to predict the time required for the complete leaching of copper from chalcocite in the alkaline Na4EDTA solutions.     

氯化铜浸出法预处理低品位铜金精矿

采用氯化铜浸出法预处理低品位，含辉铜矿为主的混合铜金精矿时，精矿中９８％的铜可在３ｈ内被浸出，余下约０．４％的铜就很容易氰化了。此时精矿中的黄铁仍处于末受侵挠状态且其贵液中含有０．２ｇ／Ｌ的铁，这就简化了下道工序对浸渣和贵液的处理步骤。     

辉铜矿湿法冶金新工艺

针对辉铜矿含铜高、含硫低等特点,采用巴西辉铜矿进行了详细的试验研究,开发了一种湿法冶金新工艺,采用常压、加压联合流程直接生产阴极铜,铜总浸出率大于99%,回收率大于98%.     

Pressure leaching of copper minerals in perchloric acid solutions

The leaching of covellite (CuS), chalcocite (Cu₂S), bornite (Cu₅FeS₄), and chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂) was carried out in a small, shaking autoclave in perchloric acid solutions using moderate pressures of oxygen. The temperature range of investigation was 105° to 140°C. It was found that covellite, chalcocite, and bornite leach at approximately similar rates, with chalcopyrite being an order of magnitude slower. It was found that chalcocite leaching can be divided into two stages; first, the rapid transformation to covellite with an activation energy of 1.8 kcal/mole, followed by a slower oxidation stage identified as covelite dissolution with an activation energy of 11.4 kcal/mole. These two stages of leaching were also observed in bornite with chalcocite (or digenite) and covellite appearing as an intermediate step. No such transformations were observed in covellite or chalcopyrite. Two separate reactions were recognized as occurring simultaneously for all four minerals during the oxidation process; an electrochemical reaction yielding elemental sulfur and probably accounting for pits produced on the mineral surface, and a chemical reaction producing sulfate. The first reaction dominates in strongly acidic conditions, being responsible for about 85 pct of the sulfur released from the mineral, but the ratio of sulfate to elemental sulfur formed increases with decreasing acidity. Above 120°C the general oxidation process appears to be inhibited by molten sulfur coating the mineral particles; the sulfate producing reaction, however, is not noticeably affected above this temperature. For chalcopyrite, activation energies were determined separately for the oxygen consumption reaction and for the production of sulfate, with values of 11.3 and 16.0 kcal/mole respectively. This paper is based upon a thesis submitted by F. LOEWEN in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of M.A. Sc. in Metallurgical Engineering at The University of British Columbia.     

Cupric chloride leaching of model sulfur compounds for simple copper ore concentrates

To learn more about the leaching characteristics of simple copper ore concentrates, the leaching behavior of cupric sulfide (CuS) and cuprous sulfide (Cu₂S) was studied. These compounds serve as model compounds for covellite and chalcocite, respectively. With aqueous saline cupric chloride solutions above 100 °C, dissolution of both compounds is rapid, but does not proceed to completion on a stoichiometric basis. The course of the leaching can be explained with a solution model based on thermodynamic considerations and recognition of certain side reactions. The model is based on consideration of the complexes formed by various ionic species in solution and their effect on the observed extent of reaction near equilibrium. The leaching process was found to be enhanced by elevated temperatures, high chloride concentrations, and acidity. Limited leach times also were found to be advantageous. At dilute copper concentrations, leaching reactions could be driven closer to completion than with higher concentrations, as predicted by the model. For process reasons, it is desirable to convert all copper (II) in solution to copper (I). Routes for accomplishing this are reviewed.     

湿法炼锌副产铜渣的综合利用

研究了湿法炼锌副产铜渣的综合利用新工艺。最佳浸出条件为:液固比10∶1,浸出温度80℃,浸出剂硫酸浓度3.5mol/L,浸出时间8h。浸出液含铜浓度达到30～45g/L,铜浸出率可以达到98%以上。经萃取、洗涤、三级错流反萃后,反萃液中铜浓度达到45～50g/L,电积后可以得到标准阴极铜。     

某含铜氧化金矿石氨氰法浸金工艺试验研究

针对某含铜金矿石进行了氨氰法浸金及浸出贵液脱铜试验研究。其结果表明:在一定条件下,可获得较好的技术指标,浸渣金品位0.38 g/t,浸出贵液金、铜平均质量浓度分别为2.27 mg/L、61.94 mg/L,渣计金浸出率为89.44%;采用双氧水除铜,铜沉淀率为85.85%,氧化沉淀渣铜品位超过50%,可以铜精矿出售。     

铜锰渣酸浸及选择性硫化沉淀法回收铜工艺

系统开展了铜锰渣的H2SO4浸出及酸浸液Na2S2O3选择性沉铜研究,通过单因素实验,分别探究了2个工艺过程的影响因素.实验结果表明:铜锰渣酸浸的较优条件为:H2SO4用量200 g/L,液固体积质量比(mL/g)7:1,反应温度80℃,反应时间2 h,该条件下铜、钴、锌、锰的浸出率分别为99.81％,99.54％,9...     

高镍铜阳极泥中硒、碲、铜的顺序脱除

针对高含镍铜阳极泥,采用直接添加氢氧化钠焙烧-碱浸-酸浸流程进行Se、Te、Cu的脱除试验研究,并对过程的反应机理进行了分析。研究发现,加碱氧化焙烧过程中硒化物和碲化物中的Cu变成Cu O和Cu3Te O6;Se、Te分别转变成在碱性溶液中易溶的Na2Se O3和不溶的Ag2Te O3、Cu3Te O6,为Se、Te、Cu的选择性脱除奠定了基础。试验结果表明,最佳焙烧-碱浸的条件为:Na OH剂量为阳极泥的10%,焙烧时间1.5h,焙烧温度500℃。碱浸时间1.0h、Na OH浓度20g/L、碱浸温度80℃、液固比5∶1。在此条件下Se的浸出率为95.50%,碱浸渣中Se的含量从3.93%下降到0.23%。碱浸渣酸浸除铜碲的最佳条件为:H2SO4浓度为90g/L、酸浸温度70℃、酸浸时间1.0h、液固比20∶1;在此条件下,Cu、Te的脱除率分别为96.18%、98.48%。