城镇污泥热水解与厌氧消化联用技术的原理、效能及应用

污泥厌氧消化在实现污泥减量化、无害化的同时,能够实现污泥中有机物的资源化和能源化,是我国政府主推的污泥处理处置技术之一。为了提高污泥厌氧消化的效率,污泥热水解预处理技术常作为污泥厌氧消化的前处理技术,并已得到工业化应用。污泥热水解预处理技术能够提高污泥的产气率,提高系统的稳定化运行效能。在分析污泥热水解和污泥厌氧消化技术特征的前提下,对当前主要使用的污泥热水解和厌氧消化技术相应的配套装备进行了介绍,分析单元/组合技术的优势,并以实际案例为支撑凝练了各装备的运行效能。在此基础上,对"污泥热水解+厌氧消化装备"的未来发展前景进行了预测。     

污水污泥热消化工艺的研究进展

污水污泥的资源化利用(土地利用等)已经成为国内外处置污泥的重要发展方向,利用污泥热消化技术可以使污泥达到资源化利用的标准.在分析中,重点介绍了污泥热消化工艺的特点、污泥热消化工艺的类型,包括对污泥自热高温好氧消化工艺、厌氧分级高温消化工艺、两段高温好氧/中温厌氧消化工艺的介绍,并简要阐述了这些污泥热消化工艺的基本应用情...     

污泥高含固厌氧消化增温工程实践

随着我国城镇污水处理效率的不断提高,城镇污水处理厂污泥产量也急剧增加。厌氧消化作为一种低能耗、资源化的污泥处理技术,处理过程能耗较低,能回收沼气能源,可减少温室气体排放,是污泥稳定化、减量化和资源化的重要手段之一。目前,由于高含固厌氧消化沼气产生效率高,已在工程实践中得到了推广应用。温度是影响厌氧消化反应的重要因素,温度变化对沼气产量有明显影响,因此,维持厌氧消化反应温度的稳定性尤为重要。该文针对厌氧消化系统不同的增温方式,以实际工程实践为例,介绍了厌氧消化系统启动时和正常运行时的增温情况。     

强化污泥厌氧消化产甲烷新技术研究进展

随着城市人口数量的增加,污水处理量增多,随之而来的污泥处理量越来越大。厌氧消化是实现污泥减量化、稳定化、无害化、资源化的重要处理途径。目前厌氧消化技术不够成熟,有机质去除率低和产甲烷率低是污泥厌氧消化发展的瓶颈。本文从污泥预处理、厌氧反应器新模式、新材料的应用、协同消化四个方面综述了强化污泥厌氧消化产甲烷技术进展。     

污泥厌氧消化过程中沼气原位提纯扩产技术的研究进展

目前,厌氧消化处是污泥减量化、无害化、资源化处理最有效的手段之一,沼气作为厌氧消化资源化产物,产量和纯度的原位提升技术有着重要的作用。文章从厌氧消化产沼气量影响因素和沼气原位富集技术的角度阐述沼气产量和纯度的提高的研究方法,从而对中国市政污泥处理和沼气能源化利用领域提供有价值的参考。     

市政污泥资源化处理工程实例

结合某市的市政污泥资源化处理项目,介绍市政污泥高温热水解、厌氧消化、脱水和余热干化的工艺流程和主要装置;介绍了项目工艺方案、工艺参数和技术特点,以及该项目的污泥资源化处理效果;同时介绍了处理后的市政污泥制造生物质燃料和生物炭土的资源化利用方案。     

剩余污泥“水解/好氧消化”减量化工艺探讨

结合剩余污泥好氧消化和厌氧消化工艺的优缺点,从理论和实验研究上分析了剩余污泥＂水解/好氧消化＂减量化工艺的可行性。     

超声波技术在污泥减量化中的应用研究现状

城市污水厂污泥处理处置已成为行业面临的一个难题。本文介绍了超声波技术在污泥减量化中的研究应用现状,重点阐述了其作用机理,超声波对污泥性质、污泥好氧消化和污泥厌氧消化的影响,最后指出了超声波技术在污泥减量化中的研究发展方向。     

典型城市污泥厌氧消化技术工艺探讨

该文系统阐述了"直接厌氧消化"和"预处理+厌氧消化"两类消化工艺及厌氧消化技术在国内外的应用情况;从泥质分析、运行管理、政策指引三方面,分析了我国大部分污泥厌氧消化处理系统存在的问题;通过解析国内厌氧消化工程成功案例、探讨工艺经济可行性,得出了"高温预处理+厌氧消化"工艺可作为我国典型城市污泥处置与利用的一种有效途径。     

我国剩余污泥厌氧转化的主要影响因素及影响机制研究进展

我国剩余污泥产量大,对其进行稳定化、无害化和资源化处理处置迫在眉睫,而厌氧消化技术能够在降低污泥对环境污染的同时回收能源,是目前国际上最受欢迎的污泥减量化和资源化处理技术。本文首先重点归纳了国内外污泥厌氧消化技术应用现状差异和国内外剩余污泥厌氧转化率差异,即我国剩余污泥厌氧转化率处于 20%～50%之间,明显低于发达国家的水平（50%～70%）,是我国剩余污泥厌氧消化推广应用程度低于发达国家水平的主要原因。其次从泥质差异的角度总结了导致我国剩余污泥厌氧转化率低于发达国家的主要差异性因素,即微细砂含量（50%～65%）高于发达国家（25%～30%）、金属离子如Ca²⁺、Fe³⁺、Al³⁺和Mg²⁺等的含量高于发达国家、污泥泥龄（10～30d）显著长于发达国家（5～10d）。最后,归纳总结了微细砂、金属粒子和泥龄这三类典型差异性因素对剩余厌氧消化性能的影响机制。对我国剩余污泥厌氧转化的主要影响因素的系统性认识有助于从源头上明晰影响我国剩余污泥厌氧转化性能的重要因素,对影响机制的深入解析有助于提出有针对性的强化措施,从而为我国剩余污泥厌氧消化技术的广泛推广与应用提供有益的借鉴和启发。     

Tannery wastewater treatment by electro-oxidation coupled with a biological process

The paper is aimed at defining the best option of a combination of electrochemical and biological processes for tannery wastewater treatment. Kinetic data for the electrochemical process are derived from an extensive experimental study, while those relating to biological processes are taken from the authors previously published studies or from the literature. Four different options based on a combination of electrochemical oxidation and biological treatment are defined and compared with the traditional tannery wastewater treatment with respect to the total required volume, energy need and the quantity of generated sludge.     

微塑料对污泥厌氧消化的影响和机理

污泥厌氧消化对实现污水处理厂“碳减排”具有重要意义,然其产甲烷效率和工艺稳定性易受多种因素干扰。微塑料作为新兴污染物经污水处理后,约有99%富集在污泥中,对污泥厌氧消化过程产生影响。因此,本文重点总结了污水中微塑料的来源、性质及其在污水处理工艺中的归宿,详细阐述了聚苯乙烯（PS）、聚酰胺6(PA6)、聚氯乙烯（PVC）等常见微塑料对污泥增溶、水解、酸化和产甲烷阶段的影响,并从细胞结构、微生物群落、酶活性等角度进一步归纳了微塑料影响厌氧消化的机理。最后,在概括当前研究成果的基础上,提出应从系统工程研究（预处理技术、运行条件、反应器类型等）、微塑料及其浸出物的抑制机制（微塑料与胞外聚合物、细胞膜的作用、标志性辅酶和辅因子、特征微生物方面）、微塑料与污泥其他组分间的协同/抑制机理等方面开展深入研究,为污泥资源化利用提供理论基础和技术支持。     

A comparison of treatment methods for palm oil mill effluent (POME) wastes

A study of the operational variables involved in the treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) was carried out. These included the acidic or alkaline nature of the POME discharged from the oil mills, the efficiency of the decay (or digestion) of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) contents of the POME, the economic benefits that could arise from the digested sludge and biogas and finally the net economic recovery abilities of the various treatment methods available. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) contents of the POME must be reduced to an acceptable level of 2000–3000 mg solids dm^?3 of sludge before the latter can be used as a fertiliser material. In 10 days of operational periods various anaerobic digestion treatment methods gave COD reduction efficiencies of 76–96%, the batch pond anaerobic digestion mode gave an efficiency of 76.5%, the continuous pond modes 92.5–95.5% and the tank digester 93.8%. In all anaerobic operations the optimal pH values of the POME media were in the range 7.1–7.6 and a ratio of the volatile acids to the total alkalinity of the media (VA/TA) of 0.3 or less was found to enhance the performance of these digesters. Economic analyses carried out on all modes of treatment gave the following economic recovery abilities: the decanter/drier system gave a break-even situation of 3 years, the tank digester system, 2 years, and the single stage anaerobic pond system, 6 years. The batch pond system appeared not to give a break-even situation. Of the treatment methods examined the decanter/drier and tank digester systems were concluded to be optimal.     

Strategies of valorization of sludge from wastewater treatment

Sludge is regarded as a potential source to achieve valorization via strategies such as resource recovery, sludge based adsorbents preparation, bioflucculants production, sludge manufacturing construction materials preparation, sludge composting and thermal valorization, which are currently common and effective strategies. Appropriate treatment strategies of sludge are of great importance worldwide for the fast growing population and rapidly increasing waste. This mini review summarized some widely used and effective strategies to achieve sludge valorization based on whether the strategy would utilize or reuse the potential of sludge to obtain valuable product and eliminate secondary pollution. Anaerobic digestion of sludge is perceived as a potentially cost‐effective method to achieve sludge reduction and resource recovery including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus resource recovery coupled with other technologies. Utilizing sludge as raw material for preparation of valuable products including sludge based adsorbents, bioflocculants and construction materials is another aspect to achieve sludge valorization. Sludge composting and thermal valorization are also introduced in the mini review since the two strategies could also achieve sludge valorization. In addition, the strategies mentioned were discussed and analyzed in the mini review from environmental and economic aspects. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of sonolysis on waste activated sludge solubilisation and anaerobic biodegradability

Activated sludge processes are key technologies in wastewater treatment. These biological processes produce huge amounts of waste activated sludge (WAS) or otherwise biosolids. Mechanical, thermal, and/or chemical WAS conditioning techniques have been proposed to reduce the sludge burden. Among the WAS treatments, the pre-treatment with ultrasound (US) is one of the most innovative processes. In many anaerobic digestion processes for the treatment of the sludge produced in wastewater treatment plants, the hydrolysis of the organic matter has been identified as the rate limiting step.This study is focused on the effect of US pre-treatment of WAS to the anaerobic digestion. Particle size reduction, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) solubilization and biodegradability by anaerobic digestion were monitored in order to find the optimal dose in US pre-treatment.The results show the better sonolysis conditions (US density, sonication time, specific energy) which can significantly improve the COD solubilisation and the anaerobic biodegradability.     

城市污水处理厂温室气体的排放及减排对策

近年来,我国污水处理事业得到了大力的发展,污水处理厂污染物减排能力逐年提升。然而,污水及剩余污泥处理处置过程中温室气体的排放问题却没有得到应有的重视。本文系统阐述了城市污水处理厂温室气体的来源,并从污水处理工艺的选择、工艺运行参数的科学调控、剩余污泥的处理处置和资源化、处理水的回用等方面提出了温室气体的减排对策,从而为开展污水处理厂温室气体减排的研究及低碳运行的实践提供借鉴。     

污泥水热处理制备清洁燃料的研究进展

目前,庞大的污泥产生量是困扰工业与市政工程的一个主要问题,对其减量化与能源化利用是污泥处置的关键。其中,水热技术是一种可直接并有效利用污泥等高含水率废弃物的处理手段。本文首先介绍了污泥的特点以及处理现状,然后总结了国内外近年来关于污泥水热处理工艺的发展历程与工业应用情况。此外,着重讨论了水热处理对污泥能源化利用的各项优势,包括：降低NO_x、酸性气体与飞灰等污染物的排放,固定污泥重金属,改善污泥燃料性能,提高污泥脱水性能以及降低其处理成本等。同时,针对不同种类污泥的不同组分在水热处理过程中的反应过程与影响因素进行了详细讨论。最后,对于污泥水热处理能源化利用的发展前景作出展望,指出深入研究污泥与其他废弃物混合水热或焚烧过程中的协同作用是制备高品质燃料的重要途径。     

Comparison of thermo‐oxidative treatments for the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge

BACKGROUND: In this study, various thermo‐oxidative treatments were examined and compared with the aim of overcoming the disadvantages of thermal treatment and enhancing the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge. RESULTS: Oxygen, hydrogen peroxide and ozone were selected as oxidant, accompanied with the addition of either acid (HCl) or alkali (Na₂CO₃) for oxygen. The temperature and duration were fixed at 170 °C and 1 h, respectively. Anaerobically digested sludge was used as the substrate, to see the effects on the refractory part of sewage sludge. A batch methanogenesis test using 120 mL serum bottles was run at 35 °C for 20 days, and methane production, solids reduction, dewaterability and color intensity were measured. As the strength of the oxidants was increased, methane production tended to decrease, whereas solids reduction was increased. The dewaterability of the sludges and the color in the filtrates became worse for thermo‐oxidative treatment with oxygen and alkali. On the other hand, the dewaterability was improved significantly and color generation was restricted the most for the thermo‐oxidative treatment with oxygen and acid. CONCLUSION: Lowering the pH of thermo‐oxidative treatment is advantageous with respect to the dewaterability and color generation of digested sludge. Based on evaluation of the overall performance, thermo‐oxidative treatment with acid is considered the best among the thermo‐oxidative treatments examined. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

过碳酸盐高级氧化技术在水处理中的研究进展

近年来,活化过碳酸盐高级氧化技术由于低成本、安全、稳定等特点,越来越多的学者将其应用于处理水中的各类有机污染物,有望成为一种新兴的环境友好型水处理技术。通过查阅近十年大量国内外文献,在总结了活化过碳酸盐降解有机污染物的机理的基础上,系统综述了均相活化、非均相活化、物理活化、联合活化等不同过碳酸盐的活化方法与活化反应机制,并针对活化过碳酸盐高级氧化技术应用于降解废水中的各类有机污染物、膜污染控制、污泥脱水及污泥厌氧消化等方面的研究现状展开阐述。最后指出目前水处理研究领域活化过碳酸盐高级氧化技术存在的问题,并对未来的重点研究方向进行了展望,以期为该技术在水污染治理中的进一步推广和应用提供参考。