热爆反应合成Ti2SnC材料及反应机制的研究

采用热爆反应技术制备Ti2SnC材料,研究了两种不同原料对反应合成Ti2SnC的影响,探讨了反应合成机制.结果表明,2Ti/Sn/C粉体反应合成产物的主相为TiSnx、TiC,产物中Ti2SnC含量较少,同时残留少量未反应完全的Sn.Ti/Sn/TiC粉体反应合成的产物主相为Ti2SnC,同时含有少量未反应完全的Sn和TiC.热爆反应合成Ti2SnC的反应机制:Ti2SnC由两种反应路径合成,一种是TiSnx与TiC发生固相反应合成的Ti2SnC;另一种是Ti-Sn共晶液相与TiC发生反应合成的Ti2SnC.     

自蔓延高温烧结制备钛锡碳结合剂金刚石复合材料

采用自蔓延高温烧结(SHS)技术,以Ti/Sn/石墨/Diamond粉体为原料,制备了Ti2SnC结合剂金刚石复合材料。研究了金刚石粒径和质量分数对试样的物相组成与金刚石表面显微形貌的影响。研究结果表明:2Ti/Sn/C试样反应后生成Ti2SnC,同时生成TiC,剩余一定量Sn。添加不同粒度(M10/20、120/140、80/100和30/40)的金刚石后,Ti2SnC含量有所下降。金刚石表面会形成TiC与Sn构成的涂层。随着金刚石质量分数(120/140)的增加,样品中Ti2SnC的形成相应地受到抑制,同时金刚石与基体结合也变差,当金刚石质量分数为40%时,金刚石表面无法形成良好的涂覆。     

无压烧结反应合成片状TiC晶粒

采用3TiC/Si/0.2A1粉体为原料,通过无压烧结反应合成了片状TiC晶粒.采用XRD、SEM和EDS对试样的物相组成、微观形貌和微区成分进行分析.结果表明,在1100～1200℃、保温2h,原料反应合成了主相Ti3SiC2,同时含有少量TiC、SiC相;当温度为1300℃时,Ti3SiC2开始明显分解;当温度升至1350℃时,试样中Ti3SiC2完全分解,产物主要由TiC相和少量SiC组成;六方TiC晶粒边长5μm.     

SPS烧结温度对ACNs/Ti复合材料组织结构与力学性能的影响

通过放电等离子烧结（SPS）制备ACNs（无定形碳纳米颗粒）/Ti复合材料,并采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜以及电子万能试验机对不同烧结温度下ACNs/Ti复合材料的显微组织、相组成及力学性能进行表征。结果表明,较低烧结温度（800℃）下,未反应的ACNs虽然会对复合材料的强度有所贡献,但其与基体的界面结合较弱,会导致复合材料塑性严重下降。较高烧结温度（1000℃）下,与基体充分反应的TiC颗粒过度生长后尺寸较大,这一现象会造成材料强度下降。当烧结温度为900℃时,ACNs与Ti基体完全反应生成TiC颗粒,这种细小弥散的TiC沿着基体颗粒周围分布形成了准连续网状结构,此时ACNs/Ti复合材料具有最佳的强塑性匹配,其抗拉强度、屈服强度、延伸率分别为648.19 MPa、551.02 MPa、36.19%。     

(Ti_2SnC+TiB_2)颗粒增强铜基复合材料的研究

在一定的Ti2SnC体积分数下,研究了添加不同体积分数TiB2对铜基复合材料组织和性能的影响。用X射线衍射(XRD)对不同烧结温度下的试样进行检测,分析其物相成分,确定了最佳烧结温度为850℃,观察不同配比试样的金相组织,对试样进行硬度、强度及电导率的测定。结果表明,当Ti2SnC含量为5%时,添加4%TiB2时,得到的铜基复合材料具有最佳的综合性能。     

Ti2SnC质量分数对铜基复合材料显微组织及性能的影响

为了制备强度高导电性能优异的铜基复合材料,以三元层状导电陶瓷Ti2SnC作为增强相,通过直热法粉末烧结技术制备Ti2SnC/Cu复合材料。研究了在烧结温度800℃、成型压力45MPa、保温时间30min、真空度50Pa的成型条件下,质量分数分别为0、5%、8%、10%的Ti2SnC增强相对复合材料的显微结构、硬度、抗拉强度、抗冲击韧性和导电率等性能的影响。结果表明:Ti2SnC的质量分数为5%时,综合性能最优,致密度和导电率分别达到94%、39%IACS,抗拉强度248MPa,硬度为88.7HBS,可适用于受电弓滑板。     

Ti对ZrC-W复合材料烧结行为和力学性能的影响

以金属Ti作为烧结助剂,采用热压烧结工艺制各ZrC-W复合材料,研究了添加Ti对复合材料的致密化行为、微观结构和力学性能的影响.结果表明,添加Ti能够有效促进zrC-W复合材料的致密化,在1900℃烧结的复合材料致密度达到89.9%.在复合材料中生成了TiC和W2C新相,随着烧结温度的提高,W2C相逐渐消失,复合材料的维氏硬度和弹性模量增大,但抗弯强度和断裂韧性变化不大.     

SPS制备Ti-Si-C系纳米复合材料

围绕Ti-Si-C体系,采用Ti,Si,C,SiC等粉体,利用SPS原位反应烧结制备了一系列Ti-Si-C体系纳米复合材料,主要包括TiC/SiC,Ti5Si3/TiC,Ti5Si3/TiC/Ti3SiC2等纳米复合材料.利用XRD,SEM和TEM分析了复合材料的相组成和显微结构,利用压痕法测定了其室温显微硬度和断裂韧性.结果表明利用SPS技术可在比较低的温度(＜1500℃),很短的保温时间(＜8 min)下同步完成反应、烧结、致密化,生成Ti-Si-C系纳米复合材料,并且晶粒细小,其中某一相晶粒尺寸小于500 nm.     

新型Al基复合结合剂金刚石复合材料的制备

采用Al/Ti/C/Diamond粉体为原料,通过原位反应烧结技术,制备Al/TiC金属陶瓷复合结合剂金刚石材料.采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及能谱仪分析试样.结果表明,在1000℃保温1h,反应烧结得到Al/TiC金属陶瓷复合结合剂金刚石材料;Al含量较低时,产物基体的主相为Al和TiC;当Al含量较高时,产物基体的主相则为Al和M3Ti;基体与金刚石具有良好的结合.该复合材料具有良好的力学性能,其硬度最高达97.7 HRC.     

热压烧结制备Al2O3/TiCN-Ni-Ti陶瓷复合材料的组织与性能

采用真空热压烧结方法制备Al2O3/Ti(C,N)-Ni-Ti陶瓷基复合材料,采用X射线衍射与扫描电镜分析材料的物相组成和显微结构,研究烧结工艺对材料物相组成、显微结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:Ni和Ti的添加显著提高复合材料的强度和韧性;温度小于1 600℃时,复合材料的力学性能随热压温度的升高而升高;温度高于1 600℃时,温度升高及保温时间延长不仅会导致Al2O3晶粒的异常长大和Ti(C,N)的分解,而且会使Ni发生聚集现象,复合材料的力学性能下降;当烧结温度为1 600℃、保温时间为30 min时,制备的Al2O3/Ti(C,N)-Ni-Ti陶瓷复合材料的力学性能最佳,其相对密度达到99.4%,抗弯强度为820 MPa,断裂韧性达到9.3 MPa.m1/2。     

Structural, mechanical and corrosion properties of TiOxNy/ZrOxNy multilayer coatings

Results on the deposition and characterization of TiO_xN_y/ZrO_xN_y multilayers, with bilayer periods of 20 and 400 nm, are presented. The coatings were deposited on TiNiNb alloy substrates by the pulsed magnetron sputtering method. The elemental composition, hardness, adhesion and corrosion resistance of the coatings were analyzed.As resulted from the XPS analysis, the individual layers consisted of a mixture of titanium or zirconium oxynitrides and corresponding oxides. X-ray analysis revealed that the coatings were amorphous. Only slight differences between the microhardness and adhesion values of the coatings with small and large bilayer period Λ were found. The experiments also showed that the multilayered coatings improved the corrosion resistance of the uncoated alloy and reduced the amount of ion release in artificial body fluids.     

MOCVD growth and characterizations of BxAl1−xAs and BxAl1−x−yInyAs alloys

Zinc-blende B_xAl_1−xAs and B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs alloys have been grown on exactly oriented (0 0 1)GaAs substrates by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD). The influence of susceptor coating, growth temperature and gas-phase boron mole fraction on boron incorporation into AlAs has been comprehensively investigated. It has been found that boron incorporation into AlAs could be enhanced and the optimal growth temperature range of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys changed from 580 °C to 610 °C when SiC-coated graphite susceptors were replaced by the non-coated ones. In this study, the maximum boron composition x of 2.8% was achieved for the pseudomorphically strained B_xAl_1−xAs alloys. AFM measurements show that RMS roughness of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys increased sharply with the increase of gas-phase boron mole fraction. Raman spectra of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys show a linear increase of the BAs shift with boron composition x. Based on BAlAs deposition, bulk B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs (x = 1.9%) quaternary alloy was grown lattice-matched to GaAs successfully. Moreover, 10-period BAlAs/GaAs and BAlInAs/GaAs MQW heterostructures were also demonstrated.     

High strength and good ductility of casting Al-Cu alloy modified by PrxOy and LaxOy

A modified Al-Cu alloy with high tensile strength and ductility of about 574.0 MPa and 10.4%, respectively, was obtained by adding multiple rare earth oxides (Pr_xO_y and La_xO_y) as modifier. Compared with the unmodified Al-Cu alloy, the tensile strength and ductility of the modified sample were increased by 24.3% and 42.5%, respectively. The improvement both in the strength and ductility may attribute to the finer crystal grains and dendrites, more homogeneously distributed θ′ phase precipitates and the intermetallic compounds formed at the crystal grain boundaries as well as in the space of the dendrites.     

铸造CAD／CAE／ES／PDM／ERP一体化及集成技术研究

详细阐述了支持铸造工艺设计、工艺优化、工艺信息管理、企业管理的系统研究与应用特点,在此基础上提出了基于PDM平台的铸造CAD／CAE／ES／PDM／ERP一体化框架体系,在华铸实验室现有软件体系（华铸CAE／CAD／PDM／ERP）及应用的基础上,设计与实现了一体化系统关键点及其集成技术。最后,以若干实际案例来证明本研究一体化系统的实用性。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of superconductors Ba1−xKxBiO3 and double perovskites Ba1−xKxBi1−yNayO3

Superconductors Ba_1−xK_xBiO₃ and body-centered double perovskites Ba_1−xK_xBi_1−yNa_yO₃ have been selectively synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route. The appropriate ratio and adding sequence of initial reagents, alkalinity, reaction temperature and time are the critical factors that influence the crystal growth of the compounds. The purity and homogeneity of the crystals were detected by the ICP, SEM, EDX and TEM studies. Magnetic measurements show that the superconducting transition temperatures T_C of Ba_1−xK_xBiO₃ decrease from 22 K (for x = 0.35) to 8 K (for x = 0.55) with increasing the K doping level.     

生物医用NiTi形状记忆合金腐蚀研究进展

镍钛形状记忆合金(NiTi-SMA)具有较好的耐腐蚀和机械性能,在口腔和临床医学中有着大量而广泛的应用。NiTi-SMA腐蚀后释放Ni²⁺会引发细胞毒性和过敏反应,进一步提高NiTi-SMA的耐蚀性是目前生物医学材料领域发展的核心之一。本文对近年来国内外有关口腔医学和临床医学中常用NiTi-SMA的腐蚀研究现状进行了总结,同时也对NiTi-SMA增材制造及表面改性技术进行了评述,以期为开发高性能抗腐蚀生物医用NiTi-SMA提供一定的指导意义。     

Li掺杂Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li(1/7-x))O3高熵陶瓷的制备及介电性能研究

近年来,在高熵合金基础上发展起来的高熵陶瓷逐渐引起了研究者的广泛关注,其出现为开发高性能的无机非金属材料提供了新的设计思路。本文采用固相法制备了BaMO3基钙钛矿型高熵陶瓷Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li(1/7-x))O3 (x = 0, 2.3%, 5.3%, 8.3%, 11.3%),并研究了Li含量对高熵陶瓷物相结构、微观形貌及介电性能的影响。结果表明,Li含量对陶瓷结构的影响不大,陶瓷均保持立方钙钛矿结构,且无杂相产生;陶瓷的晶粒尺寸相对较均匀。当x = 0时,即B位七元等摩尔比Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li1/7)O3高熵陶瓷,其介电常数达到了最大值2920 (@100 Hz),相较于已报道的不掺Li的六元高熵钙钛矿陶瓷Ba(Ti1/6Sn1/6Zr1/6Hf1/6Nb1/6Ga1/6)O3提升了近50倍。     

Ti/Mn(0.8-x)SnxIr0.2O2电极的电容性能研究

采用热分解法制备了Ti/Mn_(0.8-x)SnxIr_0.2O_2三元氧化物电极材料。通过扫描电子显微镜,X射线衍射、循环伏安和交流阻抗谱等分析了Ti/Mn_(0.8-x)Sn_xIr_0.2O_2电极材料的组织结构和电容性能。结果表明:随SnO_2含量增加,氧化物涂层中正方结构Mn_3O_4相逐渐减少,正方结构SnO_2相逐渐增加。与锰铱二元氧化物相比,SnO_2的加入可明显改善电极材料在0~0.5 V区间的电流响应,并促进氧化锰活性的发挥,但在一定程度上也抑制了氧化铱的活性。SnO_2的加入也改变了电极材料的电荷转移电阻、弛豫时间常数、以及不同频率下的电容响应速度。相比其它电极材料,Ti/Ir_0.2Mn_0.6Sn_0.2O_2电极材料在低频范围(≤1 Hz)有更好的电容响应和更高的活性,因而获得最高的比电容值。     

Thermoelectric properties of Sn1−x−yTiySbxO2 ceramics

Thermoelectric properties of Sn_1−x−yTi_y Sb_xO₂ ceramics were investigated in detail. The addition of Sb into SnO₂ matrix increased the electric conductivity, σ. The increase in the σ value should be caused by the increase in the carrier concentration. The Seebeck coefficients of all the samples were negative, which means that these samples have n-type conduction. The samples of this study have porous structure. The maximum Z value of all the samples measured in this study was 2.4 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹.     

Magnetic phase diagrams of the TbRh2−xPdxPdxSi2 and TbRu2−xPdxSi2 systems

The a.c. susceptibility and high field magnetization on TbRh_2−xPd_xPd_xSi₂ and TbRu_2−xPd_xSi₂ compounds were investigated up to 140 kOe. The (T,x) magnetic phase diagrams were determined. For both systems, an increase in the Pd content causes a decrease in the Néel temperature and changes the magnetization curves.