天然气和燃气轮机发电

该主要叙述天然气的物理化学性能，以及燃气轮机燃用天然气发电时对天然气的品质要求。     

我国天然气发电发展现状及前景展望

新世纪以来,我国天然气发电实现快速发展,但近两年我国天然气发电行业的发展遇到诸多问题。本文介绍了我国天然气发电行业的发展现状,分析了目前天然气发电发展面临的问题及不确定因素,对天然气发电的发展前景进行了展望,提出了推动我国天然气发电行业健康发展的政策建议。     

引进天然气优化发电能源结构

介绍我国发电能源结构,燃用天然气与煤炭的比较,天然气的储量,运输,安全性,引进ＬＮＧ以改善发电能源以煤为主的结构,以减轻环境污染治理的压力和改进调峰手段,供参考。     

天然气余压发电系统评估体系研究

引入出力系数、运行系数等指标,通过量化转化效率、技术成熟先进性、运行安全可靠性和经济效益评估天然气余压发电系统的运行情况,形成完整的余压发电评估体系。为了验证评估体系的准确性,基于层次分析评价方法对某调压站的余压发电运行情况进行了评价。结果显示：调压站能量利用效率为45.2%～58.9%,技术成熟度为9级,运行安全可靠性处于较高水平,静态投资回收期为5.1 a,与实际情况吻合,证明了建立的评价方法具有较好的可行性。     

天然气发电的市场前景

随着国家能源结构政策的调整,天然气作为一种高效清洁的能源,不仅应用于我们的生活中,也将逐步推广应用于燃气联合循环发电,目前,杭州半山电厂,张家港华兴电厂,上海化学工区热电等已于2005年6月并网发电,北京京丰等电厂已建成的天然气机组,正在试运行,很快也要并网发电。天然气     

上海市采用天然气发电的展望

进入21世纪以后,上海市作为长江流域和全国最大的贸易、金融、信息、科技、文化中心城市,到2020年将进一步建设成为太平洋西岸最大的金融、贸易中心之一。城市的现代化程度将赶上国际水平。为此,对电力的需求也将大力提高。香港1990年人口580万人,发电设备容量613.2万KW,人均1,057KW;新加坡人口270.5万人,发电设备容量320万KW,人均1.18KW。日本东京,1990午人口4066万人,发电设备容量4655力KW,人均1.14KW。上海市,1991年人口1287.2万人,发电设备容量497万KW,人均0.386KW。进入21世纪后如按人均1KW计,届时发电设备容量需1400万KW以上。有关部门曾作预测,2010年上海市最高电力负荷将达1700万KW,如果还是以燃煤为主来发电,则原煤消耗量将从1991年的1167万吨猛增到21世纪的3360～5000万吨/年。既使全部采用神木府谷东胜的低硫、低灰优质动力煤,各电厂排出的SO_2和灰渣的数量也将是惊人的。     

我国天然气发电规划概况

新疆和田天然气电站工程已开建，首期５０MW于２００１年投运。陕西靖边电厂总容量２×３００MW。兰州燃气电厂开建，首期总容量６００MW。湖北武昌热电厂、沙市热电厂等７台机组将“煤电”或“油电”改为“气电”，总容量约６５０MW。福建拟建一、二套１２００～２４００MW液化天然气电厂。广西钦州使用南海天然气计划建１４００MW电厂。广东新建惠州电厂一期３×３３０MW；前湾电厂３×３５０MW电厂。深圳东部进行“大代小”改造，装机容量１×３００MW。香港计划扩建南丫岛电厂，２０１２年前新装２×３００MW联合循环机组，并将…     

引进天然气 优化发电能源结构

介绍了我国发电能源结构,燃用天然气与煤炭的比较,分析了天然气的储量,运输,安全性,建议引进液化天然气以改善发电能源以煤为主的结构,以减轻环境污染治理的压力和改进电网调峰手段。     

黑龙江省农作物生物质能发电潜力及环境价值研究

根据2004~2012年黑龙江省农作物产量,计算农业废弃物类生物质能资源蕴藏量和能源可用量,对近年主要农作物生物质能源储量进行测度。采用GM(1,1)灰预测模型,对2013~2016年黑龙江省农业废弃物类生物质能源可用量进行预测,结果显示,以50%利用率计算,到2016年其可用量相当于30.728×106t标准煤。分析了农业废弃物类生物质能的发展潜力,将生物质能发电与燃煤发电环境成本进行对比,结果显示,到2016年黑龙江省利用生物质能发电节约的环境成本为123.728亿元,对环境保护起到了积极作用。     

The impact of the new investments in combined cycle gas turbine power plants on the Italian electricity price

The paper measures the variation of the electricity price in Italy within the next 10 years due to the recent investment flow in combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plants. It starts by investigating the possibility of decoupling gas and oil prices on the basis of hypotheses about the amount of existing resources and plausible technical substitutability assumptions of the latter with the former. In particular, it is supposed that, in the Italian market, natural gas will play a crucial role which oil has had in power generation. The price of electricity stemming from natural gas is then calculated taking into account the role of the power mix restructuring that derives from the CCGT power plants investments. Under reasonable assumptions, it is shown that a net reduction of at least 17% on the electric price is likely to be expected.     

陆上风电场建设对生态环境的影响及缓解措施

以上海崇明前卫风电场为例,简述陆上风电场施工期和运行期对生态环境影响。施工期生态环境的影响主要表现在施工场区植物量的损失。运行期生态环境的影响主要表现对鸟类活动的影响。通过落实生态保护减缓措施后,陆上风电场对生态环境的影响可以降低到最低程度。     

Modelling utility-scale wind power plants. Part 1: Economics

As the worldwide use of wind turbine generators continues to increase in utility-scale applications, it will become increasingly important to assess the economic and reliability impact of these intermittent resources. Although the utility industry in the United States appears to be moving towards a restructured environment, basic economic and reliability issues will continue to be relevant to companies involved with electricity generation. This article is the first of two which address modelling approaches and results obtained in several case studies and research projects at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). This first article addresses the basic economic issues associated with electricity production from several generators that include large-scale wind power plants. An important part of this discussion is the role of unit commitment and economic dispatch in production cost models. This paper includes overviews and comparisons of the prevalent production cost modelling methods, including several case studies applied to a variety of electric utilities. The second article discusses various methods of assessing capacity credit and results from several reliability-based studies performed at NREL. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

风力发电的环境价值

风能资源是无污染的清洁能源.文章对风电的环境影响进行了评价;相对于煤电评估了风电的减排污染物的环境价值;通过风电环境价值评价,认为风力发电具有减排污染物0.28元/kWh的环境价值.发展风电有显著的环境效益和经济效益.     

大型天然气发电工程主机选用及配置

介绍了浙江半山天然气发电工程采用三套350MW级燃气—蒸汽联合循环发电机组,每套机组有四大主机：燃气轮机(GT)、余热锅炉(HRSG)、汽轮机(ST)及发电机(G)。由于气价较高,确定采用F级燃机及相应的余热锅铲与汽轮机;对主机配置进行比选,确定每套机组由一台F级燃机、一台余热锅铲、一台汽轮机组成单轴系统(燃机、汽轮机与发电机同轴)。     

Collateral effects of renewable energies deployment in Spain: Impact on thermal power plants performance and management

The quest for renewable energy sources has been strong in Spain for a couple of decades, and has produced outstanding results, notably in windpower. Solar technologies also had a prompt response to the promoting legislation of 2007. This evolution has generated side effects in the electricity generation system as a whole, and all this phenomenology is analysed in this paper under the consideration of the three objectives theoretically guiding electricity policy nowadays: security of supply (at macro and micro level), environmental quality, and economic competitiveness. The analysis points out some unbalance among the objectives, which can evolve to a scenario where back-up power is going to be a critical point for the stability of the system. Such a back-up service will surely be provided by gas-fired combined cycles (GFCC). The estimated projections of the generation system show that the required back-up power will grow about 8–9 GW by year 2020, for complying with the objective of attaining a share of 40% renewable electricity. However, collateral effects as the decline in the load factor of GFCC, as well as a reduction in spot price of electricity, can cast many doubts about the feasibility to reach that back-up power level.     

燃气机组发电特性及其在电网中运行方式的研究

在全世界对节能减排和环境保护极其重视的情况下,对清洁、高效的燃气发电方式进行深入研究有重要意义。本文基于近几年我国华东地区安装的大容量新型S109FA联合循环机组的运行状况,对发电特性及其在电网中的运行方式进行分析研究,提出应该考虑不同类型燃气机组的特性,进行电厂规划设计和电网运行调度,以保证燃气机组在电网中充分发挥其优势。     

光伏电站的投资前景分析

在世界各国对太阳能光伏发电鼓励政策引导下,近年来太阳能光伏发电产业呈现出快速发展的势头。文章就建立光伏电站所涉及的电站成本、相关政策和市场状况问题进行了研究分析。在不考虑政府财政补贴的情况下,2008年投资光伏电站每年平均损失115.5万元/MW,当前投资光伏电站每年可平均获得利润33万元/MW。在国内太阳能电站的收益率水平迅速提升的形势下,预计未来5年将是我国太阳能电站投资的黄金时期,建议政府和相关企业抓住机遇,加大光伏电站的投入和建设。     

Environmental analysis of a German strategy for carbon capture and storage of coal power plants

This paper combines an existing projection of the development of electricity production with a technology-specific environmental assessment. The combination of these two approaches, which so far have only been performed separately, allows a discussion about environmental effects of carbon capture and storage (CCS) implementation strategies on a national level. The results identify the future role of lignite and hard coal in German power production. The implementation of CCS technology leads to a considerable loss of efficiency. Due to CCS, about 50 million t of lignite will be additionally required in 2030 in comparison to the reference case without CCS in 2010. Increasing demand, the replacement of old plants and the compensation of efficiency losses lead to highly ambitious expansion rates. In the case of CCS implementation, the global warming potential (GWP) can be reduced by up to 70%. However, other environmental impacts increase in part considerably. Compliance with national ceilings for NO_x emissions can only be reached by compensation measures in other sectors. The results of the environmental assessment demonstrate the significant role of the coal composition, coal origin and the required transport. CO₂ pipeline transport and CO₂ storage make a fairly minor contribution to the overall environmental impact.     

Interaction among competitive producers in the electricity market: An iterative market model for the strategic management of thermal power plants

The liberalization of the electricity sector requires utilities to develop sound operation strategies for their power plants. In this paper, attention is focused on the problem of optimizing the management of the thermal power plants belonging to a strategic producer that competes with other strategic companies and a set of smaller non-strategic ones in the day-ahead market. The market model suggested here determines an equilibrium condition over the selected period of analysis, in which no producer can increase profits by changing its supply offers given all rivals’ bids. Power plants technical and operating constraints are considered. An iterative procedure, based on the dynamic programming, is used to find the optimum production plans of each producer. Some combinations of power plants and number of producers are analyzed, to simulate for instance the decommissioning of old expensive power plants, the installation of new more efficient capacity, the severance of large dominant producers into smaller utilities, the access of new producers to the market. Their effect on power plants management, market equilibrium, electricity quantities traded and prices is discussed.