二次挤压对挤压和ECAP变形后ZK60镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

测试四种状态下ZK60合金的显微组织和力学性能,四种状态分别为：挤压;挤压＋4道次ECAP;挤压＋4道次ECAP＋二次挤压;挤压＋4道次ECAP＋退火＋二次挤压。在室温下成功地进行ZK60的二次挤压,得到超细晶组织。结果表明：ECAP和二次挤压可以显著细化晶粒。挤压＋4道次ECAP＋二次挤压后的ZK60合金的屈服强度为342MPa,但是其伸长率只有0.8%。在二次挤压之前进行退火,ZK60合金的伸长率可以提高到4.5%,而屈服强度基本不变,抗拉强度达到 388 MPa。     

An investigation of cavity growth in a superplastic aluminum alloy processed by ECAP

Quantitative measurements were taken to evaluate the significance of cavitation in the tensile testing of a superplastic spray-cast Al-7034 alloy processed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP). Samples were processed by ECAP and then tested in tension at 673 K using strain rates from 10⁻³ to 10⁻¹ s⁻¹. For comparison purposes, similar tensile testing was conducted also on samples without ECAP processing. Inspection of polished sections after tensile testing revealed extensive internal cavitation in all samples. Measurements were taken to provide detailed information on the sizes and shapes of the cavities and these measurements were analyzed to determine the dominant cavity growth mechanisms. The results demonstrate the importance of superplastic diffusion growth in ultrafine-grained materials processed by ECAP.     

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Mg95.5Y3Zn1.5 alloy processed by extrusion and ECAP

A Mg_95.5Y₃Zn_1.5 alloy processed via a two-step processing route of extrusion plus ECAP has been investigated. It was found that the ECAP processed Mg_95.5Y₃Zn_1.5 alloy contained ultrafine grains and exhibited excellent mechanical properties. After ECAP, the average grain size of Mg_95.5Y₃Zn_1.5 alloy was refined to about 300 nm. The highest strengths, with yield strength of 444.6 MPa and ultimate tensile strength of 472.7 MPa, were obtained after 1 pass at 623 K. The SAED patterns indicated that the microstructure after ECAP consisted of both high angle and low angle grain boundaries. The fraction of high-angle boundaries increased with increasing numbers of ECAP passes. The Mg_95.5Y₃Zn_1.5 alloy contained a high volume fraction of X-Mg₁₂ZnY phase due to high yttrium and zinc addition. And, it accelerated the growth and coalescence of cracks during tensile testing, resulting in premature fracture and lower elongation of alloy.     

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金ECAP变形后的组织和性能

通过对退火态的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金在523 K加热进行不同道次等径通道挤压(ECAP),采用120°模具在Bc路径下经10次ECAP变形后等效真应变达到6.2.试验结果表明,退火态合金试样ECAP挤压后晶粒明显细化,8道次之后晶粒细化趋于缓和,10道次后获得晶粒尺寸为0.8 μm左右的等轴状组织.性能测试结果表明:合金的显微硬度、抗拉强度及伸长率随着ECAP变形道次的增加而增大,ECAP提高了合金的综合力学性能,显著地改善了合金的塑性.     

挤压变形对镁合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了镁合金管材挤压成形工艺参数,如坯料温度、模具温度、润滑、挤压比、挤压速度等对镁合金管材挤压后组织与力学性能的影响,以及镁合金管材挤压成形后高温性能、室温性能和超塑性性能。结果表明:镁合金挤压管材的室温力学性能为屈服极限190 MPa,拉伸强度280 MPa,伸长率17%;镁合金挤压管材在400℃高温时的力学性能为屈服极限、拉伸强度值接近25MPa,伸长率180%;随着变形程度的增大,力学性能指标随之增大,并分析了镁合金管材挤压后组织状态的变化。     

Properties inhomogeneity of AM60 magnesium alloy processed by cyclic extrusion compression angular pressing followed by extrusion

A new severe plastic deformation (SPD) technique for improvement of the metallurgical properties of the magnesium alloys is presented. In this process, a cyclic extrusion compression angular pressing (CECAP) process is followed by an extrusion step in the outlet playing the role of additional back pressure. Therefore, more uniform and enhanced mechanical properties are expected in comparison with equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). In order to evaluate the effectiveness and capabilities of this new method, an AM60 magnesium alloy was processed. Finite element results exhibited a significant increase in strain values as well as uniform strain distribution for the new method. In addition, ~110% increase in compressive stress was observed in new method compared to the conventional ECAP. Experimental results revealed a noticeable increase in the hardness and strength of the specimens processed by the new technique as a result of the formation of finer grains and more homogeneous microstructure with good distribution of refined β-phase along the boundaries. It may be concluded that the new process is very promising for future magnesium alloy products.     

Influence of hot extrusion on microstructure and mechanical properties ofAZ31 magnesium alloy

Extrusion treatment is a common method to refine the grain size and improve the mechanical properties of metal material. The influence of hot extrusion on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy was investigated. The results ,show that the mechanical properties of AZ31 alloy are obviously improved by extrusion treatment. The ultimate tensile strength （UTS） of AZ31 alloy at room temperature is measured to be 222 MPa, and is enhanced to 265.8 MPa after extrusion at 420℃. The yield tensile strength （YTS） of AZ31 alloy at room temperature is measured to be 84 MPa, and is enhanced to 201 MPa after extrusion at 420℃. The effective improvements on mechanical properties result from the formation of the finer grains during extrusion and the finer particles precipitated by age treatment. The features of the microstructure evolution during hot extruded of AZ31 alloy are dislocation slipping on the matrix and occurrence of the dynamic recrystallization.     

ECAP法制备超细晶铝合金材料的超塑性行为

研究经多道次等径弯曲通道变形后Al-3%Mg-0.5%Zr铝合金的超塑性行为.研究表明:晶粒尺寸由变形前的50 μm经过8道次等径弯曲通道变形后细化为0.3μm;随后,在330℃退火保温1 h的条件下,其晶粒尺寸长大至10 μm;在500℃、应变速率1×10-3s-1的拉伸实验中,该超细晶材料的最大延伸率高达370%,呈现出良好的超塑性.     

Using X-ray microtomography to evaluate cavity formation in a superplastic magnesium alloy processed by equal-channel angular pressing

The magnesium AZ31 alloy exhibits excellent superplastic properties after processing by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) and testing in tension at a temperature of 623 K. Experiments show that there is an increase in the elongations to failure with increasing numbers of passes in ECAP. X-ray microtomography was used to obtain detailed information on the morphologies of cavities developed during superplastic flow and the results were analyzed in terms of the different possible cavity growth mechanisms. The results show that superplastic elongations are attained in this alloy because the finer grain structure introduced by ECAP is associated with lower flow stresses in tensile testing at elevated temperatures and this leads to a reduction in the rate of growth of internal cavities.     

Microstrucmre and mechanical properties of AZ31-0.5%Si alloy processed by ECAP

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31-0.5%Si（mass fraction） alloy processed by ECAP were investigated. Results show that Mg2Si phase formed during solidification can be broken up and be dispersed in matrix by ECAP. With the increase of ECAP passes, Mg2Si phase in microstructure tends to distribute uniformly. The mean grain size is about 4 μm, and the mean size of Mg2Si is about 6 μm. The elongation of AZ31-0.5%Si alloy is significantly increased after ECAP and then changes a little with increasing ECAP passes, The ultimate strength of as-extruded AZ31-0.5%Si alloy reaches 348.9 MPa, while its strength decreases after ECAP.     

6061铝合金等通道转角挤压时的流变性能

分别对退火态和固溶时效态6061铝合金进行8道次及4道次等通道转角挤压,用有限元软件Deform-3D模拟变形过程,研究连续大变形对组织性能的影响规律.结果表明:等通道挤压使晶粒破碎细化,金属流线走向与剖面对角线方向基本一致;退火态合金的表面硬度随变形道次增加而升高,各道次挤压载荷峰值没有随着变形道次增加而单调增加,而是经历一个升高、降低、再升高的过程.固溶时效态合金的表面硬度在2道次变形后达到了峰值,其载荷峰值也在第2道次变形时最高.硬度值的变化规律与强化因素及位错的运动有关,而载荷的变化规律与摩擦力的变化及其对载荷的贡献大小有关.模拟结果发现,挤压载荷峰值随着变形道次的增加而增大,与实测值不相符.由于剧烈变形使合金组织性能变化较大,因此需要适当修正材料本构关系,才能正确反映其流变行为.     

AZ91镁合金挤压组织与性能的试验研究

通过对AZ91镁合金不同条件下的热挤压成形试验,结果发现,均匀化退火可提高材料塑性,使伸长率由1.8%提高至5%.相对于平模、锥模而言,流线型挤压模具可改善材料的流动性,制备出光滑完整的AZ91棒材.挤压后合金棒材的强度和塑性同时提高,抗拉强度可达340 N/mm2,屈服强度超过260 N/mm2,伸长率超过12%.SEM扫描电镜分析显示,合金中的第二相为晶界上粗大的Mg17Al12和晶粒内部弥散分布的AlxMny.挤压后Mg17Al12可被碎化,α基体晶粒平均直径细化至20 μm,而AlxMny则和铸态的相同,平均直径5 μm.     

正挤压对铸态AZ31镁合金组织与性能的影响

为了研究塑性变形对铸态镁合金组织和性能的改善作用,用铸态AZ31镁合金进行了正挤压试验,并测试了原始试样和变形后试样的组织和性能.结果表明,正挤压可使铸态AZ31合金晶粒显著细化;挤压后抗拉强度和伸长率比挤压前分别提高22%和100%;随挤压温度升高,挤压所得试样的抗拉强度明显下降,但伸长率变化幅度较小;随挤压比的升高,挤压所得试样的伸长率和抗拉强度均明显升高.     

Research on the diffusion bonding of superplastic magnesium alloy

The elevated temperature tensile experiments have been carried out on the magnesium alloy and results indicate that the magnesium alloy has excellent superplastic property.Gleebe-1500 testing machine was used in the diffusion bonding experiment on the superplastic magnesium alloy.Then,the shear stength of the joints under different conditions is obtained through shear testing and the optimum processing parameters for the diffusion bonding are achieved.By metallurgical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM),it is revealed that the micromechanism of diffusion bonding is the slide of grain boundaries caused by the growth of grains and atom diffusion of the superplastic magnesium alloy.     

Annealing behavior of Al-Mg-Mn alloy processed by ECAP at elevated temperature

An Al-Mg-Mn alloy was subjected to equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) at 350 ℃ for 6 passes. Static annealing was conducted on the deformed alloy at various temperatures from 400 to 450 ℃ for 1h respectively. The microstructural evolutions of both the deformed and the annealed materials were studied by electron back scattering diffraction pattern(EBSD) analysis. A fine-grained structure with (sub)grain size of about 2 μm is obtained after 6 ECAP passes, and the fraction of high-angle boundaries is 48.08%. As the annealing temperature increases, the average misorientations of the grain boundaries and the fraction of high-angle boundaries increases gradually. No grain growth takes place in the 400 ℃ annealed sample, while after annealing at 450 ℃ a coarse-grained structure replaces the initial fine-grained structure produced by ECAP. The aspect ratios remain almost constant and the (sub)grains keep equiaxed in the range of the present experiment. As the annealing temperature increases, the strength decreases obviously, which attributes to the relaxation of the internal stresses and the grain growth, while the elongation increases slightly.     

等径角挤压镁合金组织和性能研究的新进展

等径角挤压(Equal Channel Angular Extrusion,ECAE)能够显著改善镁合金各方面的组织和性能.从显微组织、织构、力学性能和超塑性等方面,综述了近年来ECAE技术对镁合金材料组织和性能影响的研究,并对镁合金ECAE技术存在的问题进行了分析.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties ofAZ31 Mg alloy processed by high ratio extrusion

The microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 Mg alloy processed by high ratio extrusion （HRE） were investigated. General extrusion with extrusion ratio of 7 and high ratio extrusion with extrusion ratio 100 were contrastively conducted at 250, 300 and 350 ℃. The results show that HRE process may be applied successfully to AZ31 Mg alloy at temperatures of 250, 300 and 350 ℃ and this leads to obvious grain refinement during HRE process. The strength of HRE process is improved obviously compared with that of general extrusion. The grain refining mechanism of HRE process was also discussed. The current results imply that the simple high ratio extrusion method might be a feasible and effective processing means for refining the microstructure and improving the mechanical properties ofAZ31 Mg alloy.