好年冬（丁基克百威）防治稻蓟马试验

本文介绍新型氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂好年冬（丁基克百威）防治稻蓟马试验。试验在三个地区，均在连作晚秧苗期进行，供试药剂为美国ＦＭＣ公司生产的３５％好年冬，施药方法为拌种处理，与３％呋喃丹颗粒剂相对照。结果表明：３５％好年冬可保护秧苗免受稻蓟马为害，不仅防效好，而且残效期可达一个月，使用剂量以播种量的０．２１～０．２８％为宜，与呋喃丹相比防效相同，亩成本相近甚至略低，毒性低，对人畜安全，环境污染小，可取代目前使用的高毒农药呋喃丹。     

灰霉灵防治灰霉病的田间药效

田间试验结果表明，４５％灰霉灵ＷＰ４００，５００和６００倍三种浓度处理的防效分别为６７．７０％，６４．２４％和５３．９０％，均高于对照药剂多菌灵（４０．５９％）和菌核净（３０．３５％）达极显著水平，其中灰霉灵稀释５００倍处理的防效与６００倍处理的防效差异显著，而与４００倍处理的防效处于同一水平。灰霉灵的室内抑菌效果 理想。     

12.5%保得悬浮剂防治地下害虫试验

１９９８年７月～１９９９年６月，我们进行１２．５％的保得悬浮剂室内盆载及在玉米和小麦田防治地下害虫药效试验，试验结果表明，１２．５％保得悬浮剂对地下害虫有很好的防效，拌种各处理的保苗效果与４０％甲基柳磷乳油的防效基本相当。     

几种杀菌剂对莲叶斑病的室内外药效

采用三种药剂对莲叶斑病进行室内药效测定和室外药剂防治试验，试验结果表明：10％世高1000倍、绿亨二号600倍在室内测定中对莲叶斑病具有强抑制作用，抑菌效果分别达97．78％、96．91％，在室外也具有较好的防效，分别达62．42％、66．57％；50％多菌灵1000倍较差，室内抑制效果为74．03％，室外防效仅为34．38％。     

夏季大白菜软腐病的生物农药防治

采用块根法及盆栽试验测定了6种药剂对夏季大白菜软腐病的防治效果。块根法试验结果表明：72％农用链霉素1000mg／L、中生菌素2000mg／L、菜丰宁B13000mg／L及丰灵3000mg／L对大白菜软腐病菌的防治效果较好，防效分别为87.72％，81．06％．82．32％和83．17％。并对防效较好的药剂进行盆栽试验，结果表明：丰灵拌种加喷灌的处理对大白菜软腐病的防效最佳，其防效高达82．31％，显著优于其它药剂的防效，是防治夏季白菜软腐病的理想药剂。     

不同药剂拌种防治小麦纹枯病试验

用2．5％适乐时悬浮种衣剂、2％立克秀WS湿种衣剂、25％施保克水利、33％纹霉净可湿性粉四种药剂进行拌种防治小麦纹枯病,经两年试验,2．5％适乐时悬浮种衣剂防病效果好于其它药种,防效稳定,对出苗安全,适合于麦子各种播种方式。     

高效大功臣防治水稻白背飞虱试验

田间试验结果表明,５％高效大功臣可湿性粉剂防治水稻白背飞虱速效性好,且高效持效,田间适宜用药量为２０ｇ／６６７ｍ＾２,药后２４小时对白背飞虱校正防效达９２．０１％,极显著好于对照药剂２５％扑虱灵３５ｇ／６６７ｍ＾２的防效（４２．７０％）,持效期达３０天以上。     

防治小麦秆黑粉病药效试验

试验结果表明,２％立克秀湿拌剂２００ｇ／１００ｋｇ、２．５％适乐时悬浮种衣剂２００ｍｌ／１００ｋｇ拌种对泪科秆黑粉病具有很好的防治效果,防效为９４．７％８８．３％,极显著高于对照药剂１５％三唑酮４０％五氯硝基苯的防效。     

12.5%禾果利防治小麦纹枯病试验

12．5％禾果利对小麦纹枯病效果好,该农药与种子按300～400g/100kg拌种,病株率相对防效达到93．2％,千粒重增加1．6～5．2g;以300g／hm2在2月下旬和3月中旬喷雾两次,侵茎率相对防效达到99．3％～100％。     

新烟碱类杀虫剂噻虫胺拌种防治麦蚜的田间药效及安全性评价

[目的]明确噻虫胺拌种对麦蚜的防治效果及其对小麦生长的安全性,并研究其作为吡虫啉替代药剂拌种控制麦蚜。[方法]室内采用浸虫法,测定噻虫胺对麦长管蚜室内毒力;田间采用拌种法,进一步探明噻虫胺对小麦苗期安全性及其全生育期控制麦蚜效果。[结果]噻虫胺对麦蚜室内毒力水平高于吡虫啉;20%噻虫胺SC拌种处理对小麦植株安全,对全生育期麦蚜种群控制作用与吡虫啉拌种对麦蚜防效基本相当。[结论]噻虫胺有望成为吡虫啉替代药剂用于拌种防治麦蚜。     

三唑酮拌种剂量与小麦品种感（条锈）病性关系的初步研究

三唑酮拌种防治小麦条锈病的适宜剂量与小麦品种对条锈病菌感病菌性关系是非常密切的，田间试验结果表明，各类型感病品种三唑酮抖种的适宜用药量是不相同的。     

小麦主要病害化学防治研究进展

目前,山东省小麦主要病害包括小麦锈病、小麦白粉病和小麦根腐性病害。化学防治在小麦病害防治中占有举足轻重和不可替代的作用。小麦病害化防技术的发展与杀菌剂的发展息息相关。三唑类杀菌剂是防治小麦主要病害的有效药剂。本文着重介绍了不同时期所使用的不同类型杀菌剂作用机制、应用技术及其进展。     

30%醚菌酯SC防治小麦叶锈病、白粉病田间药效试验

防治小麦叶锈病、白粉病的田间试验表明：30％醚菌酯SC对小麦叶锈病、白粉病均有较好的防治效果,是一种高防效、低残留、安全性好的新型广谱性杀菌剂。分别在小麦锈病和小麦白粉病的发病初期,使用剂量225～315ml／hm^2(有效含量,下同),连续用药2次,对小麦锈病的防效达到85％以上,对白粉病达到90％以上。     

Mapping QTL for Adult-Plant Resistance to Stripe Rust in a Chinese Wheat Landrace

Wheat stripe (yellow) rust is a worldwide disease that seriously reduces wheat grain yield and quality. Adult-plant resistance (APR) to stripe rust is generally more durable but usually controlled by multiple genes with partial resistance. In this study, a recombinant inbred line population was developed from a cross between a Chinese wheat landrace, Tutoumai, with APR to stripe rust, and a highly susceptible wheat cultivar, Siyang 936. The population was genotyped by genotyping-by-sequencing and phenotyped for APR to stripe rust in four consecutive field experiments. Three QTLs, QYr.sdau-1BL, QYr.sdau-5BL, and QYr.sdau-6BL, were identified for APR to stripe rust, and explained 8.0–21.2%, 10.1–22.7%, and 11.6–18.0% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. QYr.sdau-1BL was further mapped to a 21.6 Mb region using KASP markers derived from SNPs identified by RNA-seq of the two parents. In the QYr.sdau-1BL region, 13 disease-resistance-related genes were differently expressed between the two parents, and therefore were considered as the putative candidates of QYr.sdau-1BL. This study provides favorable gene/QTL and high-throughput markers to breeding programs for marker-assisted selection of the wheat stripe rust APR genes.     

Identification and DNA Marker Development for a Wheat-Leymus mollis 2Ns (2D) Disomic Chromosome Substitution

Leymus mollis (2n = 4x = 28, NsNsXmXm), a wild relative of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), carries numerous loci which could potentially be used in wheat improvement. In this study, line 17DM48 was isolated from the progeny of a wheat and L. mollis hybrid. This line has 42 chromosomes forming 21 bivalents at meiotic metaphase I. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) demonstrated the presence of a pair chromosomes from the Ns genome of L. mollis. This pair substituted for wheat chromosome 2D, as shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), DNA marker analysis, and hybridization to wheat 55K SNP array. Therefore, 17DM48 is a wheat-L. mollis 2Ns (2D) disomic substitution line. It shows longer spike and a high level of stripe rust resistance. Using specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq), 13 DNA markers were developed to identify and trace chromosome 2Ns of L. mollis in wheat background. This line provides a potential bridge germplasm for genetic improvement of wheat stripe rust resistance.     

Molecular Cytogenetic and Physiological Characterization of a Novel Wheat-Rye T1RS.1BL Translocation Line from Secale cereal L. Weining with Resistance to Stripe Rust and Functional “Stay Green” Trait

In this study, a novel T1RS.1BL translocation line RT843-5 was selected from a cross between wheat Mianyang11 (MY11) and Weining rye. The results of MC-FISH, PCR, and A-PAGE showed that RT843-5 contained two intact T1RS.1BL translocation chromosomes. RT843-5 showed resistance to the most virulent and frequently occurring stripe rust races/isolates. Additionally, RT843-5 showed resistance in the field in locations where stripe rust outbreaks have been the most severe in China. Genetic analysis indicated one new gene for stripe rust resistance, located on 1RS of RT843-5, which was tentatively named YrRt843. Furthermore, the chlorophyll content, the activities of catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of RT843-5 were significantly higher than those in its wheat parent MY11, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation was significantly lower after anthesis in RT843-5 compared to in MY11. RT843-5 had a significantly higher 1000-kernel weight and yield than MY11. The results indicated that RT843-5 exhibited functional stay-green traits after anthesis, that delayed the senescence process in wheat leaves during the filling stage and had positive effects on grain yield. The present study indicated that Weining rye may carry untapped variations as a potential source of resistance, and that RT843-5 could be an important material for wheat breeding programs in the future.     

新型杀菌剂四唑吡氨酯对黄瓜霜霉病的田间防治效果评价

[目的]明确新型杀菌剂10%四唑吡氨酯悬浮剂对黄瓜霜霉病的防治效果,为生产上应用提供科学依据。[方法]采用喷雾法于2016—2017年在山东省烟台市进行了田间药效试验。[结果]10%四唑吡氨酯悬浮剂对黄瓜霜霉病防治效果良好,第3次施药后14 d,30~90 g a.i./hm2处理防效仍在88.62%以上,优于对照药剂50%烯酰吗啉水分散粒剂(225 g a.i./hm2)。[结论]10%四唑吡氨酯悬浮剂是一种防治黄瓜霜霉病较为理想的新型药剂,值得在黄瓜生产中推广应用。     

3种杀菌剂拌种防治向日葵黑茎病药效试验研究

进行了3种杀菌剂对向日葵黑茎病的拌种药效试验,结果表明,3种药剂拌种后对向日葵出苗安全,不产生药害;各个处理的防效均随着向日葵生育进程的推进而下降,以出苗后35 d防效最为理想,此时2.5%咯菌腈FS 11.25 mL/hm2、2.5%咯菌腈FS 9 mL/hm2和50%多菌灵WP 13.5 g/hm2的防效为71.7%～83.4%,显著高于50%多菌灵WP 9 g/hm2、70%甲基硫菌灵WP 13.5 g/hm2和70%甲基硫菌灵WP 9 g/hm2,经方差分析证明处理间差异达到显著水平。     

25%氰烯菌酯悬浮剂防治小麦赤霉病大田示范试验

为了加快创制杀菌剂氰烯菌酯防治小麦赤霉病的应用推广,2010年在江苏省白马湖农场和新洋农场进行了大田示范试验。结果表明,25%氰烯菌酯悬浮剂1 500～2 250 g/hm2对小麦赤霉病的防治效果为80.10%～98.28%,均优于对照药剂40%多菌灵悬浮剂1 500 g/hm2处理,增产效果与多菌灵相当。氰烯菌酯对小麦赤霉病具有明显的防病和增产效果,应用前景良好。     

Development and Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of a Novel Wheat-Rye T6RS.6AL Translocation Line from Secale cereale L. Qinling with Resistance to Stripe Rust and Powdery Mildew

In this study, a novel T6RS.6AL translocation line, 117-6, was selected from a cross between common Chuannong25 (CN25) wheat and Qinling rye. The results of nondenaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH) and PCR showed that 117-6 contained two T6RS.6AL translocation chromosomes. The distal region of the 6RS chromosome in 117-6 was mutant and showed different FISH signal patterns. When inoculated with different stripe rust races and powdery mildew races in seedlings, 117-6 expressed high resistance to them. The 117-6 line also exhibited high resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew in the field under natural Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) and Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) infection. The cytogenetic analysis indicated that the introduction of 6RS conferred resistance ability. Compared with wheat parent CN25, 117-6 exhibited excellent agronomic traits in the field. The present study indicated that Qinling rye may carry favorite genes as a potential source for wheat genetic improvement, and 117-6 could be a useful germplasm for wheat breeding programs in the future.