京沪高速铁路箱梁混凝土配合比设计方法探讨

采用四因子三水平正交设计方法,对影响混凝土强度的胶凝材料用量、粉煤灰掺量、矿粉掺量和水胶比四个因子进行三水平设计,结果表明：对于10 d强度,粉煤灰的影响系数要高于水胶比和胶凝材料用量,矿粉影响系数最小;对于28 d强度,影响系数最大的是水胶比,其次是胶凝材料用量,影响系数最小的是矿粉用量,根据正交分析结果并结合实际工程需要,可设计出满足标准和施工要求的配合比。     

大掺量粉煤灰高强混凝土研究

试验探讨了粉煤灰掺量、水胶比和胶凝材料用量等因素对大掺量粉煤灰混凝土的表观密度、流动性和抗压强度的影响。粉煤灰掺量分别为50％、60％和70％,水皎比分别为0．3、0．25和0．2。试验结果表明：在低水胶比条件下,超细粉煤灰的密实填充作用效果更显著;以0．2的水胶比,600kg／m。的胶凝材料用量,可以配制出粉煤灰掺量为50％,28d抗压强度在80MPa以上,且具有较高的劈拉强度和弹性模量的大掺量粉煤灰高强混凝土。     

基于正交试验设计的大掺量粉煤灰混凝土配合比

使用正交试验法,进行用于超高层建筑的大体积底板的大掺量粉煤灰混凝土配合比设计。通过对正交试验结果的直观分析、极差分析、方差分析,得到了配合比中各主要变量对混凝土力学性能的影响规律。试验表明,大掺量粉煤灰混凝土的抗压强度的影响因素依照显著性排序依次为粉煤灰掺量、水胶比和单位立方米胶材用量。大掺量粉煤灰混凝土的抗压强度随粉煤灰掺量和水胶比的升高而降低,胶凝材料用量在合理范围内变动的影响较小。基于各因素的显著性分析结果,给出了混凝土强度和放热性能满足要求的C40混凝土配合比,实际浇筑效果良好。     

磷建筑石膏复合胶凝材料的制备与性能研究

以磷建筑石膏为主要原材料,复掺水泥和矿渣制备磷建筑石膏复合胶凝材料,研究了缓凝剂掺量、胶凝材料比例、水胶比和减水剂掺量等4个因素对磷建筑石膏复合胶凝材料性能的影响。结果表明:4个因素对磷建筑石膏复合胶凝材料的性能均有显著影响。随着缓凝剂掺量的增加,复合胶凝材料的凝结时间延长,力学性能降低;随着矿粉掺量的减小,复合胶凝材料的凝结时间延长,强度提高;随着水胶比的减小,复合胶凝材料的表观密度和强度增大;随着减水剂掺量的增加,复合胶凝材料的表观密度、软化系数和强度逐渐增大,吸水率降低。     

II级粉煤灰配制高强混凝土的正交试验研究

通过双掺II级粉煤灰与S95级矿粉来配置高强混凝土,并采用设计正交试验的方法将粉煤灰掺量、矿粉掺量和高效减水剂掺量定为影响高强混凝土抗压强度和坍落度的主要因素进行试验分析,确定配置高强混凝土各组分间合理的掺量,并分析了高强混凝土3、7、28d强度。结果表明在无早期强度要求时,II级粉煤灰最佳掺量为胶凝材料的15%~20%左右,S95级矿粉最佳掺量为胶凝材料的15%左右,减水剂的最佳掺量为胶凝材料的2.0%。     

低胶凝材料自密实混凝土的制备及性能研究

以自密实混凝土（SCC）的工作性及28 d抗压强度为评价指标,采用正交试验法进行了低胶凝材料SCC性能的因素极差分析与方差分析。结果表明：试验设计的水胶比、砂率、粉煤灰和矿粉掺量对低胶凝材料SCC的工作性及28 d抗压强度的影响均不显著,但水胶比与粉煤灰掺量的影响程度相对较大,且极差分析与方差分析结果基本一致。所制备的低胶凝材料SCC具有优异的工作性、力学性能及耐久性能,坍落扩展度经时损失仅为8.1%,初始坍落扩展度与J环扩展度差值为20 mm,离析率为4.9%,后期强度增长幅度大,抗水与抗氯离子渗透性能好。     

加固用绿色水泥基灌浆料力学性能试验研究

为研究建筑、工业废弃物在加固用水泥基灌浆料中的应用，主体胶凝材料是普通硅酸盐水泥P·O42.5,通过设计正交试验，探讨了水胶比、再生细骨料、胶砂比、铁尾矿粉、粉煤灰五个因素对灌浆料基本性能的影响，试验测定了0min和30min的试块流动度，并分别对养护1、3、28d后的试块进行抗折、抗压试验并进行了微观分析。结果表明：在以养护28d为最终强度标准条件下，通过正交极差分析发现水胶比对试块力学性能影响最大，胶砂比影响最小；建筑、工业废弃物能充分应用于加固灌浆料中，能促进水化反应，填充空隙，提高强度。较合理因素水平组合为水胶比0.36,胶砂比1:0.8,再生细骨料掺量40%,铁尾矿粉掺量8%,粉煤灰掺量8%。     

新型泡粒混凝土复合墙体材料导热系数试验研究

利用多种工业副产品:矿渣微粉、粉煤灰、脱硫石膏,结合聚苯颗粒、发泡剂、水泥和砂子研究一种新型泡粒混凝土复合墙体材料,通过正交试验分析水胶比、胶凝比、替代水泥率以及聚苯乙烯颗粒体积掺量对墙体材料导热系数的影响规律,并得到最优化组合。研究结果表明:影响复合材料导热系数的主次顺序为水胶比胶凝比替代水泥率聚苯颗粒体积掺量,且当水胶比为0.45,胶凝比为1∶1∶3,替代水泥率为50%,聚苯颗粒体积掺量为35%时,复合材料的导热系数最小,保温效果最好。     

石膏基复合胶凝材料的配比优化试验

以煅烧工业副产石膏为基材,混掺矿物掺合料和改性外加剂,通过设计正交试验研究石膏基复合材料中胶凝材料各组分掺比及水胶比对其力学性能和耐水性的影响,试验结果表明,固废胶结材与活性胶结材质量比是影响石膏基复合胶凝材料吸水率最主要因素,水胶比是影响其干密度和强度的最主要因素;当脱硫石膏、粉煤灰、矿粉、水泥、生石灰的配比为1:0.53:0.13:0.5:0.05时综合性能良好;建筑脱硫石膏水化形成的二水石膏晶体结构,与水泥、粉煤灰等水化形成的钙矾石和C-S-H凝胶等水硬性产物相互搭接成密实结构,显著提升了石膏基复合胶凝材料的强度和耐水性能。     

基于正交试验设计的PVA-ECC基体组分对其力学性能影响的显著性水平研究

从单因素试验和正交试验两方面出发来研究PVA-ECC抗折强度和抗压强度的影响因素及每个因素的影响顺序。首先从水胶比、砂胶比、粉煤灰的掺量和纤维的掺量等单因素出发,来找出每个参数的最佳范围,然后用正交试验的方法分别设计制作出PVA-ECC纤维混凝土抗折强度和抗压强度试块,通过对试验结果的分析找出各指标因素影响的主次顺序、最优组合及显著性水平。结果表明:当水胶比为0.25,砂胶比为0.45,粉煤灰掺量为45%,减水剂掺量为0.5%时,PVA-ECC抗折、抗压强度达到最佳;28 d抗折强度的影响程度顺序:膨胀剂粉煤灰掺量水胶比减缩剂砂胶比;28 d抗压强度的影响程度顺序:水胶比减缩剂膨胀剂粉煤灰掺量砂胶比。     

粉煤灰对高性能混凝土强度的影响

探讨了粉煤灰在高性能混凝土中的活性效应及作用机理。通过试验研究得出,当水胶比为０．３５以下时,在水泥砂浆中掺入３０％粉煤灰,其强度比可达到０．９５以上;在混凝土中掺入５０％粉煤灰,其抗压强度可达到６０ＭＰａ以上,可见粉煤灰在高性能混凝土中能发挥较好的活性效应。     

碱矿渣混凝土配合比参数选择与设计方法

通过系统研究各配制参数(如:碱组分、水胶比、胶凝材料用量等)对碱矿渣混凝土28d抗压强度的影响,深入分析了28d抗压强度分布规律与方差间的关系。结果表明:碱矿渣混凝土28d抗压强度符合正态分布,且与水胶比呈明显反比关系。在此基础上,提出了适用于碱矿渣混凝土的回归方程,确定了公式中回归系数αa和αb分别为0.796和0.897,得出了碱矿渣混凝土配合比参数选择与设计的具体方法。     

基于正交试验的再生骨料透水混凝土性能影响研究

利用再生骨料制备透水混凝土,分析多因素对再生骨料透水混凝土性能的影响,基于正交试验设计对再生骨料透水混凝土的基本物理性能进行试验和分析,研究了不同水平下目标孔隙率、水胶比、矿物掺合料掺量等因素对再生骨料透水混凝土有效孔隙率、28 d抗压强度和透水系数等性能的影响,并通过拟合28 d抗压强度与透水系数试验数据的相关关系,研究建立了两者的线性预测模型。结果表明:各因素对再生骨料透水混凝土的28 d抗压强度和透水系数影响的综合排序为:目标孔隙率>水胶比>矿物掺合料掺量;再生骨料透水混凝土的28 d抗压强度和透水系数呈反相关的线性关系,其线性回归模型可用于实际工程的预测。     

纤维再生混凝土力学性能试验及破坏分析

采用正交试验法研究了再生粗骨料掺量、粉煤灰掺量、减水剂掺量以及纤维类别对纤维再生混凝土抗压强度、劈拉强度及抗折强度的影响.利用扫描电镜及螺旋CT扫描技术分析纤维再生混凝土的内部破坏.结果表明：再生粗骨料掺量是影响纤维再生混凝土28d和90d抗压强度的重要因素;纤维类别是影响纤维再生混凝土28d劈拉强度和抗折强度的重要因素.以再生粗骨料掺量为50%(质量分数)、粉煤灰掺量(质量分数)为20%、减水剂掺量(质量分数)为0.5%和铣削波纹型钢纤维掺量(体积分数)为1.0%进行设计强度为C35的纤维再生混凝土的配制,可使其获得良好的和易性,并满足强度要求.再生粗骨料与砂浆界面处产生裂缝,导致了纤维再生混凝土强度较低.     

早期高强混凝土准动态损伤试验分析

为了研究早龄期高强混凝土在承受多次反复荷载作用下内部损伤情况及超声波特性,在室内实验室制作了一批混凝土立方体试块,脱模后在标准养护室进行养护。分别测定了1、2和3 d龄期的混凝土立方体试块经历多次50%、70%和80%极限荷载前后的抗压强度和超声波波速变化规律;7、14、28 d龄期混凝土立方体试块的抗压强度和超声波波速。试验结果表明:在28天龄期内声速随龄期增长不断增大,与强度基本呈线性关系;前3天龄期的混凝土试块在承受不同比例的极限荷载时,损伤程度和变化规律不同,单轴抗压强度与超声波波速都能衡量这种变化规律。这对于研究超声波测试技术衡量爆破工程中的早龄期高强混凝土在经受多次爆破荷载作用下的损伤累积规律具有一定的指导作用。     

Development of mix design method based on statistical analysis of different factors for geopolymer concrete

The present study proposes the mix design method of Fly Ash (FA) based geopolymer concrete using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In this method, different factors, including binder content, alkali/binder ratio, NS/NH ratio (sodium silicate/sodium hydroxide), NH molarity, and water/solids ratio were considered for the mix design of geopolymer concrete. The 2D contour plots were used to setup the mix design method to achieve the target compressive strength. The proposed mix design method of geopolymer concrete is divided into three categories based on curing regime, specifically one ambient curing (25 °C) and two heat curing (60 and 90 °C). The proposed mix design method of geopolymer concrete was validated through experimentation of M30, M50, and M70 concrete mixes at all curing regimes. The observed experimental compressive strength results validate the mix design method by more than 90% of their target strength. Furthermore, the current study concluded that the required compressive strength can be achieved by varying any factor in the mix design. In addition, the factor analysis revealed that the NS/NH ratio significantly affects the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete.     

等强度条件下水胶比和粉煤灰掺量对混凝土自收缩的影响

在保持混凝土7d抗压强度不变的条件下，研究了水胶比和粉煤灰掺量变化对混凝土的自收缩的综合影响。降低水胶比会增大自收缩，而增加粉煤灰掺量会减小自收缩，在一定范围内，增加粉煤灰掺量所带来的减缩效应大于降低水胶比所带来的增缩效应。可以同时调整水胶比和粉煤灰掺量，使大掺量粉煤灰混凝土在满足强度要求的前提下，自收缩较小。     

Utilization of bagasse ash as a pozzolanic material in concrete

The physical properties of concrete containing ground bagasse ash (BA) including compressive strength, water permeability, and heat evolution, were investigated. Bagasse ash from a sugar factory was ground using a ball mill until the particles retained on a No. 325 sieve were less than 5wt%. They were then used as a replacement for Type I Portland cement at 10, 20, and 30wt% of binder. The water to binder (W/B) ratio and binder content of the concrete were held constant at 0.50 and 350 kg/m³, respectively.The results showed that, at the age of 28 days, the concrete samples containing 10–30% ground bagasse ash by weight of binder had greater compressive strengths than the control concrete (concrete without ground bagasse ash), while the water permeability was lower than the control concrete. Concrete containing 20% ground bagasse ash had the highest compressive strength at 113% of the control concrete. The water permeability of concrete decreased as the fractional replacement of ground bagasse ash was increased. For the heat evolution, the maximum temperature rise of concrete containing ground bagasse ash was lower than the control concrete. It was also found that the maximum temperature rise of the concrete was reduced 13, 23, and 33% as compared with the control concrete when the cement was replaced by ground bagasse ash at 10, 20, and 30wt% of binder, respectively. The results indicate that ground bagasse ash can be used as a pozzolanic material in concrete with an acceptable strength, lower heat evolution, and reduced water permeability with respect to the control concrete.     

Effect of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and fly ash addition on the strength properties of lightweight mortars containing waste PET aggregates

In this work, the effect of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) and fly ash (FA) addition on the strength properties of lightweight mortars containing waste Poly-ethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottle aggregates was investigated. Investigation was carried out on three groups of mortar specimens. One made with only Normal Portland cement (NPC) as binder, second made with NPC and GBFS together and, third made with NPC and FA together. The industrial wastes mentioned above were used as the replacement of cement on mass basis at the replacement ratio of 50%. The size of shredded PET granules used as aggregate for the preparation of mortar mixtures were between 0 and 4 mm. The waste lightweight PET aggregate (WPLA)–binder ratio (WPLA/b) was 0.60; the water–binder (w/b) ratios were determined as 0.45 and 0.50. The dry unit weight, compressive and flexural–tensile strengths, carbonation depths and drying shrinkage values were measured and presented. The results have shown that modifying GBFS had positive effects on the compressive strength and drying shrinkage values (after 90 days) of the WPLA mortars. However, FA substitution decreased compressive and flexural–tensile strengths and increased carbonation depths. Nevertheless a visible reduction occurred on the drying shrinkage values of FA modifying specimens more than cement specimens and GBFS modified specimens. The test results indicated that, GBFS has a potential of using as the replacement of cement on the WPLA mortars by taking into consideration the characteristics. But using FA as a binder at the replacement ratio of 50% did not improve the overall strength properties. Although it was thought that, using FA as binder at the replacement ratio of 50% for the aim of production WPLA concrete which has a specific strength, would provide advantages of economical and ecological aspects.