Waveform compensation of PWM inverter with cyclic fluctuating loads

A repetitive voltage compensation technique that generates a high-quality sinusoidal output voltage from a single-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter used for uninterruptible power supplies is described. A repetitive control technique eliminates the steady-state error in the distorted output voltage caused by cyclic loads. The proposed PWM inverter system uses microprocessor-based closed-loop digital feedback with a sinusoidal reference. The PWM pattern is determined at every sampling instant by the proposed algorithm, implemented by a microprocessor using a set of detected output voltages and the reference signals through one cycle. The system has low distortion and very fast response for AC phase-controlled loads     

Current regulated PWM-CSI induction motor drive system without aspeed sensor

This paper deals with a current source inverter-induction motor drive system without a speed sensor, and the speed estimation with only sense of the motor voltage is investigated. The input DC link current which is kept constant by a pulsewidth modulated (PWM) converter with sinusoidal input current is supplied to the PWM inverter. The inverter output current with sinusoidal wave is directly regulated by employing the modulation index control of the PWM strategy. The motor is driven by a slip frequency/current regulation control. The motor speed is estimated by using the measured voltage and current, or using the measured voltage and the estimated current. The filter capacitor which is installed in the inverter circuit is taken into consideration for the current estimation. A digital signal processor is employed for calculation. As the PWM pulse of the inverter is calculated by an online real-time system, the quick regulation of the sinusoidal output current is achieved. The experiments show that the high performance steady state behavior and the acceleration/deceleration characteristics with smooth drives and low noise of the motor is obtained     

逆变电源的双重学习控制技术研究

为了提高逆变电源的输出电压波形质量,提出了一种基于迭代学习补偿和神经网络学习自整定PID参数的双重学习控制方案,分别用于改善稳态时输出正弦电压波形的质量和提高系统处于振荡或过冲时的动态性能.采用TMS320LF2407AG型DSP芯片在一台3.5 kW PWM逆变电源上验证了该双重学习控制方案.实验结果表明,采用提出的控制方案不仅能在稳态时获得谐波畸变率(THD)低的输出电压波形,而且能在负载突变时获得较好的动态响应.     

A New Current Source GTO Inverter with Sinusoidal Output Voltage and Current

A new current source inverter with sinusoidal output voltage and current is presented. Gate turn-off thyristors (GTO's) and pulsewidth modulation (PWM) control techniques are used in the current source inverter to produce the sinusoidal output voltage and current. Three capacitors are connected to the ac output terminals to absorb overvoltages which occur when the GTO current is cut off and to provide a filter function for reducing harmonics in the output current. Voltage spikes, which have been a serious problem in the practical application of this inverter, are suppressed by adding gate pulses which force the inverter into a state of shoot-through. Moreover, this inverter permits the capacitance of an ac output terminal capacitor for absorbing overvoltages to be reduced to one-tenth or less of that of a commutating capacitor in a conventional thyristor type current source inverter. A 3.7-kW induction motor is driven by the inverter. The motor efficiency and noise level are measured and compared with those obtained when the motor is driven by a conventional voltage source PWM inverter. An operating efficiency five or six percent higher and noise level 10 dB lower are obtained for the former. Therefore, this current source GTO inverter is very suitable for ac motor variable speed drives.     

Characteristics on PWM CSI-induction motor drive system with utility interactive photovoltaic generation

This paper proposes a PWM current source inverter-induction motor drive system with photovoltaic generation. Solar cells are inserted in dc link to obtain constant current characteristics. They are connected to the utility system with a PWM converter. The PWM converter is controlled to obtain the maximum output photovoltaic (PV) power. The PWM inverter supplies sinusoidal currents for an induction motor, which is driven by constant V/f control. A pulsewidth control is utilized in the inverter section because of constant dc link current caused by peculiar V-I solar cell characteristics. In the system proposed here, the PV power is not only used for inverter-induction motor drive but it also flows into the utility system. The experimental results in steady state show that the proposed system has sinusoidal current with unity power factor in the utility system, the maximum output PV power and sinusoidal current/voltage for a motor. The demonstrated results for the separation of the utility system or the motor from the converter-PV-inverter system are given. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 118 (2): 79–87, 1997     

A modified cascade transformer-based multilevel inverter and its efficient switching function

A modified multilevel PWM inverter is proposed to increase the number of output voltage levels and to improve the system characteristic of a prior 11-level shaped PWM inverter scheme. In appearance, it consists of three full-bridge modules and a cascade transformer; therefore, the configuration of the proposed multilevel PWM inverter is equal to that of the prior one. Only the turn-ratio of one transformer and its corresponding switching function are different from each other. Based on the difference, the proposed multilevel PWM inverter has two promising advantages. First, output voltage levels increase almost two-fold. Consequently, it can generate more sinusoidal output voltage waves. Second, due to a suitable switching pattern, it lightens power imposed on the transformer, which is used for compensating output voltages with chopped pulses between step levels. Operational principle of the proposed 19-level shaped PWM inverter is analysed with comparisons of the prior 11-level shaped PWM inverter. The validity of the proposed inverter system is verified by computer-aided simulations and experimental results based on a 1 kW prototype.     

基于Boost变换器的光伏并网逆变控制系统研究

概述了基于Boost变换器的光伏并网逆变控制系统设计。电路由一个H桥并网逆变器和一个 Boost升压斩波电路组成。通过对逆变器正弦开关函数的调制实现电流内环和电压外环的双环控制, 以取得网侧电流的单位功率因数运行和直流母线侧电压的稳定;通过对Boost斩波电路的占空比调制实现了光伏输出电压的控制,使系统工作在稳定状态。最后,以2.5 kW并网逆变系统的试验结果验证了设计的正确性。     

Quick regulation of sinusoidal output current in PWMconverter-inverter system

An induction motor drive system composed of a current output-type power converter and a current source inverter with sinusoidal input and output voltage/current is presented. Pulsewidth modulation (PWM) strategies with GTOs are applied to the converter and the inverter sections from the point of view of reduction of the current harmonics and suppression of the motor torque pulsations. A simple method for quick regulation of the AC output current amplitude is presented and applied to the PWM inverter section. To demonstrate the improvement in the current response of the inverter, a slip frequency/current regulation of an induction motor is considered. The experimental results of steady-state and dynamic operations of the motor are shown. The merits and demerits of this control method are discussed     

高精度逆变电源输出电压直流漂移的调偏控制

逆变器中的隔离环节、各功率器件等存在漂移和特性不对称以及正弦脉宽调制(sinusoidal pulse width modulation,SPWM)都会引起逆变电源输出电压的直流漂移。该文提出了一种高精度逆变电源输出电压直流漂移的调偏控制方案,系统采用基于现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array,FPGA)的全数字控制。给出了直流调偏控制的基本原理及其闭环控制系统。分析了模数转换器(analogue-to-digital converters,ADC)精度与数字脉宽调制(digital PWM,DPWM)精度之间的关系,并给出了抑制极限环振荡的必要条件。提出一种提高DPWM精度的新方法,可以进一步提高直流调偏控制的精度。最后,在一台单相8重化9电平电压型逆变器的实验平台上进行实验验证,实验结果表明了该控制方案的有效性。     

Analysis of PWM GTO Current Source Inverter-Fed Induction Motor Drive System

A GTO current source inverter which consists of six main GTO's, two auxiliary GTO's, and three capacitors is presented. This inverter can supply both the sinusoidal voltage and current to the motor by pulsewidth modulation (PWM) techniques. The normal PWM pattern produced by two control signals with the carrier and the modulating waves and the optimal PWM pattern determined by the harmonic analysis are described. The experimental waveforms for 2.2-kW induction motor drives are given and the circuit operation of this inverter in the PWM technique is clearly shown. In addition, the steady-state characteristics of this inverter-induction motor drive system are analyzed by the state-variable methods, and a close agreement between the analyzed and the experimental waveforms is obtained. It is shown that the harmonic components are eliminated or reduced by using the optimal PWM pattern, and the new inverter with sinusoidal current and voltage is very excellent for ac motor drive.     

基于交-直-交型矩阵变换器的多驱动系统的控制策略

在交-直-交型矩阵变换器(AC-DC-AC MC)的基础上，提出了一种新型的多驱动系统拓扑电路及其控制策略。拓扑电路由一个整流单元和多个逆变单元组成，多个逆变单元接在同一直流母线上，可以同时驱动和控制多路负载。PWM整流控制可以获得单位输入功率因数的正弦PWM波输入电流。在多个逆变单元中采用空间矢量调制，可以分别获得不同频率和幅值的正弦PWM波输出电压；同时通过合理插入零矢量，实现输入侧零电流换流。仿真实验结果证实了文中所提出理论的正确性。     

Variable frequency inverter with sinusoidal voltage outputs using rotating coordinate transformation

An ideal inverter should have sinusoidal voltage and current outputs. Generally, output voltages of a voltage-source PWM inverter contain high-level switching frequency harmonies due to the PWM operation, while output currents are kept nearly sinusoidal. High-level harmonics contained in output voltages of a voltage-source inverter cause acoustic noises, iron losses and electromagnetic interferences. An LC filter was used to suppress the switching frequency harmonics; however, there is a danger of resonance in the LC filter. Accordingly, to remove harmonics of the LC filter resonance frequency, the authors add a voltage feedback loop. A conventional system can operate without difficulty within 50 Hz. However, with accompanying increases in the output frequency, output voltages are largely delayed and reduced by a high-pass filter inserted in the feedback loop. These problems are caused by a high-pass filter inserted in the feedback loop. Accompanied by the inverter output frequency, a high-pass filter cannot remove the fundamental component perfectly. As a result, a small fundamental component is fed back, which causes a delay and decrease in output voltage. This paper proposes the application of coordinate transformation to a high-pass filter inserted in the feedback loop. As a result, the proposed system realizes an ideal filter which can suppress fundamental frequency components perfectly, and improves the characteristics of the inverter with sinusoidal voltage outputs greatly. Theoretical analyses, simulations and experiments showed satisfactory results. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 118 (4): 94–102, 1997     

三相无变压器型H7光伏逆变器漏电流分析抑制

对于无变压器非隔离型光伏逆变器,其漏电流的大小与逆变器的调制策略有关。以三相无变压器非隔离型H7光伏逆变器为研究对象,针对传统正弦脉宽调制SPWM(sinusoidal pulse width modulation)直流电压利用率低的问题,采用线电压PWM控制的方法。通过开关之间的逻辑关系,提出一种改进型的线电压PWM控制方法,研究了H7光伏逆变器在SPWM、线电压PWM和改进型线电压PWM 3种控制方式下的漏电流及输出电压波形。最后,通过MATLAB仿真研究,验证了所提控制方法的正确性和可行性。     

大功率级联变频器中多路SPWM发生器的实现

采用载波相移SPWM技术原理,设计了基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的多路PWM脉冲发生器.该脉冲发生器应用于一个电压级联型变频器,可提供96路PWM脉冲输出,解决了级联变频器多路脉冲同步触发的问题.通过实验证明,FPGA输出的PWM脉冲送入级联变频器模块,输出的电压波形正弦度好,电平阶数符合设计,且修改参数简单,有效...     

二极管钳位型级联多电平逆变器新型SPWM研究

针对目前级联型多电平逆变器正弦脉冲宽度调制(sinusoidal pulse width modulation,SPWM)数字化实现问题,分析常规载波调制SPWM算法的工作原理,提出了一种基于脉冲编码与轮换的多电平SPWM调制策略。通过对正弦调制波的提取变换,进行单载波"量化"调制,并采用脉冲编码与轮换控制技术,对"量化"后的信号进行脉冲编码和脉冲轮换,均衡各逆变单元的输出电压与输出功率,以及单元内部电容电压。仿真结果表明,与同相层叠载波SPWM调制策略相比,该调制具有更好的控制效果和更小的计算量;另外,控制算法的消耗资源对比分析表明,所提的控制算法较常规的SPWM算法更节省硬件资源。     

基于IMC多机传动系统的控制策略研究

针对传统交直交变换器多机传动系统中间直流环节存在大电感或大电容而使其体积大,笨重等的问题,采用了一种新颖的基于间接矩阵变换器IMC的多机传动系统电路拓扑。其结构紧凑,体积小,重量轻;整流级采用两段式PWM调制策略,可获得单位功率因数的正弦输入电流,多个逆变级均采用空间矢量调制,实现各个逆变级的独立控制,获得不同频率和幅值的正弦电压。在这种调制策略的基础上,分析了零矢量重叠PWM分布方式对输入输出性能的影响,它可以实现整流级电路的零电流换流,减少了逆变级的开关次数,极大地降低了开关损耗,提高了变换器的效率。仿真结果表明:采用零矢量重叠的调制策略可以减少输出电压电流的谐波含量,能够有效改善传动系统的动态和稳态性能。     

电容电流瞬时值反馈控制逆变器的数字控制技术研究

采用电容电流反馈的双闭环瞬时值控制的逆变器具有输出波形正弦性好、动态响应快、输出外特性硬和稳态精度高等特点。该文基于状态观测器，对电容电流反馈瞬时值控制电路的数字实现方法进行研究，提出了基于电容电流反馈的解耦控制方法；设计了电流内环数字控制器，提出了一种电容电流采样时序，采用该采样时序可以真实反映电容电流开关周期内的电容电流平均值；提出了基于PWM逆变桥离散化模型的电容电流观测方法，可对电容电流做出准确观测，补偿数字控制器的采样延时和计算延时；提出了瞬时值电压控制外环的滤波方法，以提高输出电压的稳态精度。仿真和实验结果表明，该方案可以达到模拟电路实现双环控制的效果。     

带有源缓冲的单级单相电流型逆变器

为了实现单级升压逆变,提出了一种带有源缓冲的单级单相电流型PWM逆变器,及其状态量限定下的输出电压反馈复合单周期控制策略,并对构成这种逆变器的电路拓扑、控制策略、关键电路参数设计、系统建模和仿真等进行了深入分析和研究,获得了重要结论。该逆变器电路拓扑主要由储能电感、有源缓冲电路、电流型单相逆变桥构成,存在三种工作模式和四种电路模态,通过三种工作模式的灵活切换达到限定储能电感电流和缓冲电容电压等状态量的目的,通过前馈储能电感电流和反馈输出电压的复合单周期控制实现输出正弦电压的稳定。1 kVA 100 V DC/220 V 50 Hz AC逆变器的原理实验结果表明,所提出逆变器能实现单级升压逆变,具有输出电压波形质量高、负载适应能力强和动态性能好的优点。     

New GTO Current Source Inverter with Pulsewidth Modulation Control Techniques

A new GTO current source inverter in which two auxiliary GTO's are added to the basic inverter circuit, which consists of six GTO's and three capacitors, is presented. One of the auxiliary GTO's is connected between the positive line of the inverter and the neutral of three Y-connected capacitors; another is connected between the negative line and the neutral. In the proposed inverter, the charges of three capacitors are controlled at the same time by means of pulsewidth modulation (PWM) to main GTO's and auxiliary GTO's. This inverter can supply both the sinusoidal current and voltage to the motor. The PWM control technique, the operating principle, and the experimental results for 2.2-kW induction motor drives are described. The output current waveform of this inverter is closely sinusoidal, as opposed to trapezoidal in the basic inverter circuit. The steady-state characteristics of the GTO-CSI induction motor drive system are analyzed by the state-variable methods, and a close agreement between the analyzed and the experimental results is obtained. Smooth and noiseless drive of induction motor over a wide range of speed is observed.     

Balancing Switching Losses in Three-phase,Five-level Pulse-width Modulation Switched Voltage Source Inverter Using Hybrid Modulation Techniques

This article proposes a new switching strategy for a three-phase, five-level switched voltage source inverter. The single-carrier, multi-level pulse-width modulation (PWM) scheme is employed to generate gating signals for the power switches. The proposed modulation scheme is hybridized to enable the output voltage of the inverter configuration, inheriting the features of switching-loss reduction from fundamental PWM and good harmonic performance from multiple sinusoidal PWM. A sequential switching scheme is embedded with the already-employed hybrid modulation to overcome unequal switching losses and, therefore, differential heating among the power devices. Operational principles with switching functions are given. For an R-L load, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analyses of the output voltage waveforms were carried out, and the corresponding total harmonic distortion value of 26.09% was obtained. To verify the performance of the proposed modulation scheme, simulations and experiments are conducted on a 1.2-kW rated prototype of the inverter; adequate results are presented.