喷射沉积及气体扫描技术制备铝锡-钢双金属复合板材

利用雾化沉积加气动扫描工艺制备了铝锡－钢双金属复合板，并对气动扫描的工艺参数，基板的预热温度和轧制温度进行了研究，分析观察了沉积态和轧制态的双金属界面的组织结构，结果表明，在雾化压力0．8－1．0MPa,沉积距离300mm时，采用气动扫描辅助喷嘴，并在200℃预热基板，可得到一最佳效果双金属板坯，在220－230℃轧制后可得到界面粘结牢度达到国标要求的，合金层致密的双金属板材。     

多层喷射沉积颗粒增强铝基复合材料的研究现状与发展趋势

通过多层喷射沉积技术制备颗粒增强铝基复合材料,强化了冷却效果,能获得细小均匀的显微组织,优化复合材料中增强相的分布及其与基体的结合状态。本文综述了喷射沉积颗粒增强铝基复合材料的发展现状;介绍了多层喷射沉积技术的原理与工艺参数;概述了喷射沉积颗粒增强Al-Zn—Mg系、Al—Fe系与Al-Si系复合材料;并介绍喷射沉积颗粒增强铝基复合材料的致密化技术,着重介绍在小吨位设备上致密大块多孔材料的楔形压制工艺、外框限制轧制、陶粒包覆轧制工艺和热压后轧制工艺;展望了喷射沉积铝基复合材料的的发展趋势,认为增强颗粒与基体界面的结合强度有待进一步提高,提出了多层喷射沉积技术将朝在可编程控制下制备组织均匀、细小且致密度高的大尺寸坯料方向发展,而致密化技术也将朝小吨位设备制备大尺寸致密材料的方向发展,认为热压和楔形压制作为预致密方式能有效提高大尺寸喷射沉积坯料的成形能力,有利于进一步成形。     

TIG电弧复合熔滴沉积增材制造45钢/铅合金双金属结构工艺研究

传统钢/铅粘接结构在使用或长期贮存过程中存在粘接层局部脱粘、老化或强度退化等问题,严重影响复合结构的完整性和长期稳定性.本工作提出采用钨极惰性气体(Tungsten inert gas,TIG)电弧复合熔滴沉积成形新方法实现45钢/铅合金双金属结构的直接冶金复合增材制造,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、硬度实验以及拉伸实验等方法对钢/铅双金属结构成形试样的界面组织特征与力学性能进行分析.结果表明,铅合金沉积层特征尺寸随TIG电弧热输入的改变呈现出明显的非线性依赖特征;45钢/铅合金双金属结构界面未被发现明显孔隙、裂纹等冶金缺陷;界面化合物(Intermetallic compounds,IMCs)层的厚度约为30～70μm;钢/铅双金属成形试样的界面剪切强度平均值为28.4 MPa,远高于文献报道的强度(4.2 MPa),试件剪切拉伸断裂均发生在铅合金沉积层侧而非结合界面.     

HT300/7CrMnSiMoV双金属复合铸造汽车模具组织性能的研究

采用扫描电镜、显微硬度计、Instron-3382型力学性能试验机等,对双液复合铸造铸件的界面结合情况、微观组织和力学性能进行研究。结果表明:采用合理的铸造生产工艺,成功制备了满足使用性能要求的HT300/7CrMnSiMoV双金属汽车模具铸件,其复合界面清晰、致密,无明显缩孔、缩松等铸造缺陷;复合界面由钢基体区、过渡区和铁基体区3个区域组成。过渡区呈犬牙状/锯齿形结构,过渡层厚度约为400μm,界面附近Cr和Si元素呈梯度分布,两种合金冶金结合状态良好;复合界面两侧显微硬度呈梯度分布,其抗拉强度达到339 MPa,断裂位置出现在灰铸铁一侧,双金属界面的结合强度高于灰铸铁。     

铜/钢双金属复合制备工艺技术研究现状

介绍了目前国内外生产铜/钢双金属复合材料的主要制备工艺以及它们的原理和特点,在此基础上分析了铜/钢复合界面的冶金结合行为和铜/钢双金属复合材料制备的研究动态,并对铜/钢复合材料在各方面的应用做了简单介绍,最后对各制备工艺的未来发展趋势进行总结。     

增材制造铜/钢双金属材料研究进展

铜/钢双金属材料具有力学强度高、物理化学性能优良等优势,在交通运输、电力能源和建筑工业等领域应用前景广阔。然而,传统熔铸工艺在制造铜/钢双金属材料时,容易在铜/钢界面处产生偏析现象,在一定程度上限制了铜/钢双金属材料的发展。与传统工艺相比,增材制造技术不仅能实现复杂加工零件的快速制造,而且在成形过程中较短的保温时间能缓和或消除异种金属材料界面产生的冶金缺陷,进而增强铜/钢双金属材料的力学性能。由于双金属材料是近年来的研究热点,有关增材制造铜/钢双金属材料的综述性文章较少,故综述了近年来激光、电子束及电弧增材制造技术制造铜/钢双金属材料的研究发展现状,分析了各技术的优缺点,并从制备方法、工艺参数及界面合金元素等角度,分析了影响材料界面组织性能变化的关键因素。发现在增材制造铜/钢双金属材料方面,目前激光增材制造技术主要应用于精度要求较高的小尺寸零部件,电子束增材制造技术适用于某些具有特殊性能的合金,如钛合金,而电弧增材制造技术适用于精度要求较低的大型复杂零部件。在铜/钢双金属材料增材制造过程中,界面处易形成显微组织分布不均匀、界面晶粒尺寸差异较大等现象,导致界面处产生应力集中,从而造成材料...     

铝/钢轧制复合有限元二次开发模拟与实验研究

目的 针对铝/钢两种金属性能差异大,轧制复合存在严重的变形不协调及结合强度低的问题,研究轧辊同径与异径及单辊驱动对复合板协调变形及结合强度的影响.方法 通过有限元二次开发进行模拟建模,并结合同步和异步轧制实验分析板翘曲机理.结果 与铝板接触的轧辊作为主驱动辊可使板变形更协调且结合强度更高,变形翘曲度为0.048,结合强度为34.2 MPa.结论 采用接触铝侧轧辊单侧驱动,双金属界面实现复合的位置更靠近轧辊出口,复合后的双金属界面间的剪应力和所受弯矩较小,制备的铝/钢复合板变形协调性更好,且结合强度更高.     

钛铝双金属板的性能与界面的研究

测试了中国和苏联产钛铝双金属板的常规力学性能，ＫＲ曲线和弹性模量，对界面的结合形式及其板材基体的显微组织进行了分析研究，试验结果表明，国产钛铝双金属板的常规力学性能，ＫＲ曲线，弹性模量达到了苏联的钛铝双金属板的性能，相界面的组织与苏联的相同。     

钛铝双金属板的性能与界面的研究

测试了中国和苏联产钛铝双金属板的常规力学性能、Ｋ＿Ｒ曲线和弹性模量，对界面的结合形式及其板材基体的显微组织进行了分析研究。试验结果表明，国产钛铝双金属板的常规力学性能、Ｋ＿Ｒ曲线、弹性模量达到了苏联的钛铝双金属板的性能；相界面的组织与苏联的相同。     

对辊快速凝固制备颗粒增强铝基复合材料的新途径

为了制备基体晶粒细小，增强颗粒分布均匀且与基体结合良好，界面上无明显反应产物的颗粒增强铝基复合材料，在铝及铝合金双辊快速凝固技术研究的基础上，提出了同步喷射增强颗粒和结合熔体接触反应法的两种双脱快速凝固制备方法，介绍这两种方法制备颗粒增强铝基复事材料的思路，阐述了制备了复合材料的潜在特点。     

A study on coatability of marble dust on metal substrates

Marble dust is a hazardous construction/industrial waste generated during the extraction, cutting and polishing of marble-producing rocks. The present work explores the potential of marble dust to be used as a coating material on metal substrates. For this, the high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying route is adopted to deposit marble dust coatings on four different metallic substrates: mild steel, inconel, aluminum, and copper. Liquefied petroleum gas is used as the fuel and nitrogen as the carrier gas while the coating deposition is performed by varying the spray distance over a range from 50 mm to 250 mm. The coating microstructure is studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the developed phases are identified using an x-ray diffractometer. The developed coatings are characterized in terms of deposition efficiency, coating thickness and adhesion strength. It is found that the coatings exhibit fairly good interfacial adhesion and thickness values that varied quite significantly with the spray distance. Maximum deposition efficiency of about 68 % is obtained for the copper substrate when the deposition is performed at a spray distance of 100 mm. This experimental investigation thus shows that despite being a waste, marble dust is eminently coatable on several metallic substrates.     

低压冷喷涂铝涂层微观结构与沉积特性研究

低压冷喷涂技术是一种不同于高压冷喷涂技术的新型喷涂工艺。本文以体积比为3:7的氧化铝粉末和铝粉的混合粉末为原料,以压缩空气为工作气体,利用低压冷喷涂设备在Q235钢基体上制备Al涂层,研究了温度、喷距、送粉速率和喷嘴横向移动速度等工艺参数对涂层沉积效率的影响。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜,研究了涂层的微观结构和沉积特性。实验结果表明:在工作气体压力保持0.6 MPa不变的情况下,温度400℃、喷距25 mm、送粉速率为30—40 g/min、喷嘴横向移动速度4.0 m/min时,铝涂层沉积效率最佳;同时Al2O3陶瓷相的加入有利于涂层的沉积。     

Untersuchung der Einflüsse von Substratrauheit und Spritzpartikelgröße auf die Haftung thermisch gespritzter Schichten

About the influence of substrate roughness and spray particle size on the adhesion of thermal spray coatings The influence of substrate roughness and spray particle size on the adhesion of thermal spray coatings was researched systematically. In addition to established spray materials (Cr₂O₃, WCCo, NiCr) and spraying processes (atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), high velocity flame spraying (HVOF)) different substrate materials (steel, stainless steel, aluminum) were included in the research work as well.     

陶瓷颗粒表面沉积层性能的研究

采用化学气相沉积技术对氧化铝颗粒表面进行沉积层处理, 研究了沉积层的高温抗氧化性, 沉积层的结合强度以及沉积层对氧化铝颗粒与金属基体界面结合强度的影响。结果表明: N i 沉积层的氧化产物有助于提高界面湿润性、改善界面结构; 沉积层的膜基分离结合强度较高; 沉积层可明显提高氧化铝陶瓷与金属基体间的界面结合强度, 且有沉积层时的界面结合强度是无沉积层时的6 倍多, 界面无缝隙存在。      

三价铬厚铬镀层的制备及性能表征

为了开发替代六价铬电镀的三价铬电镀工艺,采用氯化物三价铬镀液体系,在30CrMnSi高强度钢上制备了厚度100μm以上的厚铬镀层,其沉积速率为1.2 μm/min;通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、中性盐雾试验、动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗对镀层的微观形貌、化学组成和耐蚀性进行了表征和分析。结果表明:三价铬镀铬层由金属铬、氢氧化铬和氧化铬组成;镀层表面为瘤状小球结构,结晶致密、有小孔及微裂纹;镀层与基体结合力良好;铬镀层表现出典型的钝化行为,抗盐雾处理后的铬镀层经过232h中性盐雾试验无锈蚀。     

Evaluation on fatigue strength of AISI 4340 steel aluminum coated by electroplating and IVD processes

In spite of toxicity, hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility, and environmental issues, cadmium electroplating is usually applied on high strength AISI 4340 aeronautical steel due to its efficient protection against electrochemical corrosion. Ion vapor deposition (IVD) process with pure aluminum also offers good protection against corrosion with the advantages of decreasing hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility and improving the fatigue strength of metallic components. In this research, the effects of aluminum electroplating and IVD aluminum coating on the rotating bending fatigue strength of AISI 4340 steel were evaluated in comparison with cadmium electroplated specimens. Experimental fatigue results showed that both aluminum electroplating and IVD aluminum coatings are possible alternatives to cadmium electroplating.     

VACUUM VAPOR DEPOSITION PROCESS FOR CERAMICS DEVELOPMENT OF THE VACUUM VAPOR DEPOSITION PROCESS FOR CERAMICS BY CO2 LASER

The vacuum vapor deposition process using a CO₂lase; has been studied (or producing high adhesion ceramic films on various materials. Deposition of aluminum oxide and silicon oxide films with adhesion strengths above 50 MPa on stainless steel was achieved at high deposition rates with substrate heating, For silicon oxide films, addition of a moderate oxygen supply allowed deposition of highly adherent films at lower substrate temperatures. Adhesion strengths above 50 MPa were estimated at a substrate temperature of 470°K and an oxygen flow rate of 1.9 x 10^-7 m₃/s, in spitof the high deposition rate of 30 nm/s     

Tribological behavior and wear mechanisms of Ti-C : H/TiC/TiCN/TiN/Ti coatings when sliding against steel, bronze and aluminum alloy rods

Ti _x%-C : H coatings of differing thicknesses and with various titanium concentrations were deposited on tungsten carbide disks by unbalanced magnetron sputtering. The mechanical properties, microstructure, and adhesion strength of these coating were measured. The tribology properties of the coatings against AISI 1045 steel, AA7075, AA6061 aluminum alloy, and bronze rods were tested by an oscillation sliding test machine with a line-contact wear mode under dry conditions. The microhardness of Ti _x%-C : H coatings increased with an increasing Ti concentration. The optimum coatings are composed of an intermediate layer of TiC/TiCN/TiN/Ti and a top layer of Ti _x%-C : H with x 20%. These coatings have an excellent wear resistance and a low friction coefficient when paired with a carbon steel or copper alloy. These pairs are marked by the mildly wear of the counterbodies of AISI 1045 steel and bronze. The coatings are less suitable for oscillation with the aluminum alloy under dry conditions due to severe adhesion damage.     

Aluminum coatings by the decomposition of alkyls

This study was an experimental investigation of the deposition of aluminum on steel by the thermal decomposition of aluminum alkyls. The following commercially available alkyls were evaluated: triisobutyl aluminum, diethyl aluminum hydride, triethyl aluminum and diisobutyl aluminum hydride. The steel was abraded and solvent cleaned, was heated to the decomposition temperature (350–550°C) and was immediately brought in contact with the heated alkyl either directly in the liquid or in the vapor. Coatings were produced from triisobutyl aluminum in the range 350–500°C. The best results were obtained in the vapor in an isobutylene carrier. The decomposition of triethyl aluminum, diethyl aluminum hydride and diisobutyl aluminum hydride produced coatings in the 400–600°C range, either in the vapor or in the liquid phase. The highest deposition rates were obtained with diisobutyl aluminum hydride with coating thicknesses up to 25 μm in less than 1 min.The coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, metallography, ion scattering spectroscopy and electron microprobe analysis. They had high purity and good adhesion to the steel and were non-porous.     

Hot-Dip Coating of Lead-free Aluminum on Steel Substrates with Ultrasonic Vibration

Hot-dip coating has been practically employed in manufacturing zinc alloy coated steel sheets.However,it is difficult to coat aluminum alloy on a bulky steel substrate without sufficient preheating,because a rapidly solidified layer containing gas babbles is formed on a substrate surface.A variety of iron-aluminides are also formed at the interface of a steel and aluminum hot-dip coating system,which is the main difficulty in joining of steel with aluminum.Ultrasonic vibration was applied to a steel substrate during hot-dip coating of aluminum alloy to control a rapidly solidified layer and a brittle reaction layer.Hot dipping of columnar steel substrates into molten aluminum alloy （Al-2.7 mass fraction Si-4.6 mass fraction Sn） was carried out through the use of a Langevin oscillator with resonant frequency of 19.5 kHz.The application of ultrasonic vibration is quite effective to control a rapidly solidified layer and a surface oxide layer from a substrate surface by the sonocapillary effect based on a cavitation phenomenon,so that the intimate contact is achieved at the beginning of hot-dip coating.The application of ultrasonic vibration to hot-dipping is effective to control a reaction layer with less than 5 #m in thickness.An impact test exhibits that the good adhesive strength is approved in hot-dipped aluminum coatings with a thin reaction layer of approximately 5μm.