ORTHOSILICATES OF THE ALKALINE EARTHS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THEIR USES IN THE REFRACTORY FIELD*

The orthosilicates of barium, strontium, calcium, and magnesium; mixed orthosilicates; and mixtures of the orthosilicates of the alkaline earth group are discussed. The effect of periclase on these types of orthosilicates at high temperatures is described. Tabulations are given of the physical properties and chemical compositions of the orthosilicates, including their chemical and mineralogical names, melting points, decomposition points, molecular weights, chemical compositions, crystalline systems, indices of refraction, optical signs, specific gravities, and specific volumes. New data and many illustrations are submitted to show the range of critical temperatures at which reactions take place and at which stabilization is effective. The order of formation is discussed in detail with special reference to the effect of the composition of the starting materials on the rate of reaction and on the critical temperatures at which the orthosilicates are formed.     

氟磷灰石固态还原过程的实验研究

以氟磷酸钙、分析纯二氧化硅和试剂级活性炭的粉粒做成型料进行氟磷灰石热炭固态还原反应机理和速率控制步骤的实验研究，提出了氟磷灰石首先与二氧化硅进行脱氟反应生成2CaF_2·SiO_2和Ca_3（PO_4)_2，后者再通过熔液相扩散至炭表面还原的反应机理高硅钙比时氟完全以SiF_4逸去，低硅钙比时则主要以2CaF_2·SiO_2存在于残渣中，随硅钙比增加而减少.     

REACTIONS IN SOLID STATE: 111, REACTION BETWEEN SODIUM CARBONATE AND QUARTZ*

Reactions of sodium carbonate with quartz occur without fusion between 726° and 805°C. When the reactions are conducted in a stream of nitrogen, the size of the charge, composition of the mixture, rate of flow of gas, and duration of reaction have appreciable effect on the reaction rates and on the nature of the product. In presence of sufficient sodium carbonate, the end product of the reaction at the higher temperatures is the orthosilicate. The formation of a series of silicate ions as rntermediate products between the metasilicate and the orthosilicate by interaction of the former with carbonate ions is postulated. This process is considered to be reversible with the smaller silicate ions. This theory, moreover, serves to reconcile several apparent anomalies in the experimental data. The rate of reaction of thc silica particle is not measured by the rate of carbon dioxide evolution.     

STUDY OF THE RECRYSTALLIZATION OF MAGNESIA*

X-ray studies show that lightly calcined magnesite is cryptocrystalline, with an atomic structure identical with that of periclase and fused magnesia.     

碱性固体聚合物电解质的研究进展

碱性固体聚合物电解质（ASPE）是一类全新的电解质,具有质轻、易成膜、粘弹性好和稳定性好等许多无机电解质和有机溶剂电解质不可比拟的性能.本文综述了碱性固体聚合物电解质的种类、离子传导性、提高其性能的途径及其应用,并对其发展前景作了简要的探讨.     

固相后缩聚法制备高粘度尼龙1212

研究了固相后缩聚对尼龙1212增粘的可行性，讨论了时间、温度、起始粘度等因素对尼龙1212增粘效果的影响。试验表明，固相后缩聚对于提高尼龙1212的粘度有显著作用，是制备高粘度尼龙1212的有效方法之一。采用固相后缩聚方法制备熔体流动速率(MFR)≤1g／l0min的尼龙1212时，宜选择初始MFR在l0～15g／l0min的树脂，反应时间为8～14h，反应温度为175℃。     

SIGNIFICANCE OF TOPOCHEMICAL FACTORS ON RATE OF REACTIONS BETWEEN SOLID SALTS *

The factors determining the rate of reactions between solids are discussed. When the solid phases are internally in equilibrium and when equilibrium also is established at the phase boundaries, the kinetics are given by the geometric dimensions of the system, the free energy decrease, and the mobility of the diffusing particles in the reaction product. These conditions are not fulfilled in most practical cases, the reactions being strongly dependent on topochemical factors. Topochemical imperfections in crystals and their influence on the reaction velocity are described, but the mechanism of reactions influenced by topochemical factors can only be found empirically. The way of approach is outlined for the case of spinel formation from zinc oxide and iron oxide.     

固相法聚烯烃氯化基本现象研究

以固相法高氯化聚乙烯（ＨＣＰＥ）的制备为例，研究固相法聚烯烃氯化中的基本现象。结果表明：固相法聚烯烃氯化中存在着明显的粘结、烧结、局部过热和密度增高等现象，温度是影响粘结和烧结的主要因素，粘结使氯化速度降低、氯分布均匀性变差，局部过热导致晶区熔融参与氯化，原料、氯含量和粘结决定了产物的密度。     

固相缩聚PET的结晶性能研究

本文选用几种固相缩聚制备的高粘度聚酯,研究了它们的结晶速度、结晶度,得到了较好的规律,并与原料的品质、固相缩聚工艺等结合起来进行了讨论.     

共聚酯的固相缩聚研究

本文通过固相缩聚的方法制得了较高特性粘度的共聚酯,用二级反应动力学方程进行数据处理时发现,在较低反应温度(210℃和195℃)或较短反应时间时,线性符合较好;而在较高反应温度、较长反应时间时,则结果偏离线性.用DSC测得双熔融峰,随反应时间延长,样品低温峰向高温方向移动,这与以前的研究结果是一致的;但本实验得到的高温峰向低温方向移动,这一结果则与文献报道的不一致,一般来说,高温峰应保持峰温不变.因此有关固相缩聚后聚酯的熔融行为有待进一步系统研究.     

碱土铝酸盐蓄光型发光材料的后处理研究

采用胶体包覆和表面成膜包覆相结合的方法,对碱土铝酸盐蓄光型发光材料进行包覆后处理研究。分析了包覆后处理对材料表面结构变化、发光性能及应用性能的影响。研究表明:经过包覆后处理的发光材料在水中浸泡时,发光材料对水能保持稳定,水相的pH值和电导率保持基本稳定;而未经包覆后处理的发光材料在水中分解,其水相的pH值和电导率上升很快。经过包覆处理的SrAl_2O_4:Eu,Re(Re为稀土元素)(PLO)在水中浸泡720 h后能保持80％的初始亮度,未经处理的发光材料则失去发光性能。包覆后处理能在发光材料表面形成了一层连续的比较致密的保护层,有效地减少外界对发光材料的影响,而且可以修复发光材料颗粒原有的裂纹等缺陷。包覆处理后能有效提高发光材料的应用性能,如耐水性、分散性及耐高温性能,更能适应不同的应用领域。     

A SIMPLE METHOD FOR STUDYING THE KINETICS OF GAS-SOLID REACTIONS IN A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR

A methodology for studying the kinetics of gas-solid reactions in a fluidized bed reactor is presented. This procedure is based on the analysis of the response of the system (flue gases) when batches of solids of different weight are added to the reactor. The method has been applied to the study of limestone particle calcination. The calcination rate constants obtained are in good agreement with those found in the literature. The method offers the advantage of simplicity and avoids the use of model assumptions or empirical correlations.     

碱性条件下冷却水系统微生物的有效控制

通过分析循环水水质,探讨了高ｐＨ值（８２～９０）条件下氨厂循环水系统液氯杀菌的有效性以及异噻唑啉酮（ＸＦ９９０）、稳定性ＣｌＯ２（ＮＫＣ６５０）、季胺盐（ＺＳ６０１）杀菌剂的合理选配,并取得了一些使用新药剂、新方法有效控制微生物的经验。     

NOTE ON REACTIONS OF ALKALI WITH KAOLIN AND METAKAOLIN*

Samples of electrodialyzed kaolin, to which a known small quantity of alkali was added, were heated to temperatures in the range of room temperature to 1000°C. The state of combination of the alkali was studied by means of a microchemical reagent developed by Feigl. This reagent, a neutral saturated solution of nickel dimethylglyoxime, is color sensitive to OH ions. Results on various samples suggest the existence of at least one alkali-kaolin compound and one alkali-metakaolin compound.     

用二溴羧基偶氮胂光度法测定陶瓷中微量铈组稀土

本文确立了一种测定陶瓷中铈组稀土总量的分析方法。在酸性介质中,试剂与铈组稀土(镧、铈、镨、钕、钐)有灵敏的显色反应。(ε=1.40×10     

气液固三相磁稳定流化床的操作状态对反应结果的影响

以氮气、水、铁粉为气液固三相研究了三相磁稳定流化床的床层操作状态；以重整生成油的烯烃饱和加氢过程为体系，研究了铁粉与大比表面非晶态合金催化剂混合颗粒为固相的磁稳定流化床中床层操作状态对反应结果的影响。找到了有利于气液固三相反应的磁稳定流化床床层操作状态     

固体电解质电化学反应器中甲烷氧化偶联反应的模拟

建立了固体电解质电化学反应器的数学模型,采用修正的Newton-Raphson法求解模型方程.利用该模型对以质量浓度为1%Sr/La_2O_3-Ag为催化电极的固体电解质电化学反应器中的电能与目的产物乙烯、乙烷共生进行了研究.考察了外加负载、反应温度、进料组成等因素对甲烷氧化偶联(OCM)反应和输出电流的影响,并将计算结果与实验结果进行了比较,得到了令人满意的结果.     

SIMULATION OF DISTILLATION PROCESSES WITH REACTIONS IN SERIES

This paper introduces a mathematical model and advances an algorithm,that can be used for simu-lation of reactive distillation processes.This model takes into account the reactions in series,that occurwithin a distillation column and this algorithm is based upon the block tridiagonal matrix technique.In order to accomplish a computation of design and inspect whether or not different configuration of flowsbetween stages can increase the yields of intermediate products,a procedure for solving block tridiagonalmatrix equation with some off-tridiagonal submatrixes and/or submatrixes on the borders is modified.The saponification of propylene chlorophydrin is illustrated to verify the algorithm.It can be seen thatthe results are satisfactory.     

DETERMINATION OF THE GALLIUM ACTIVITY IN THE GALLIUM-INDIUM-ANTIMONY PSEUDOBINARY LIQUID MIXTURE BY A SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOD

The Ga activity in Gax In1-x Sb liquid mixtures was obtained from emf measurements across a solid electrolyte electrochemical cell. The measured values of the aGa showed moderate negative deviations from ideal behavior and were directly proportional to the Ga mole fraction.