ALUMINA IN WHITEWARE *

A brief résumé on an extensive investigation of the use of calcined alumina in white-ware bodies is presented. Its use in vitreous chinaware, semivitreous dinnerware, electrical porcelain, cooking ware, and sanitary ware is discussed. Data are given also on special alumina bodies of unusual strength.     

民国景德镇瓷器销售浅析

近代中外通商后,大量输入的洋瓷不断侵占国内瓷器市场。国外瓷器采用机器进行批量化生产,其生产成本远低于国内的手工制瓷,曾经一度使得景德镇瓷器的市场竞争力难以与其匹敌。但是,当时洋瓷的输入主要以日用瓷为主,而在艺术瓷方面,国内的仿古瓷还能占有一定的市场。尤其是民国景德镇对制瓷业的一系列改革带来了瓷器市场的新面貌,因此,从瓷器的销售来看对内对外都比清末有所上升。     

REACTIONS OCCURRING IN DECORATION OF VITRIFIED CHINAWARE USING UNDERGLAZE DECALCOMANIA METHOD*

Studies were made on the causes of defects in underglaze decalcomania transfer on vitreous hotel chinaware. The best hardening-on firing schedule to eliminate frizzling was as follows: (1) Heat as rapidly as ware will permit to 600°F., (2) at 600° to 800°F., heat at rate not exceeding 40° to 50°F. per hour, and (3) above 800 °F., heat as rapidly as ware will permit. The hardening-on fire can be eliminated by reducing the coating of varnish through control of the viscosity of the varnish in the range of 4.0 to 6.0 (Mac-Michael viscosimeter with No. 30 B & S wire, with cup rotating at 19 r.p.m.). The best results on the tackiness period were obtained in a room at 74 °F. dry bulb and 73% relative humidity.     

TRANSLUCENCY METER FOR USE IN WHITEWARE RESEARCH*

A photoelectric light meter, based on a design by RCA, was developed for a research tool in investigations on whiteware, particularly chinaware. Since its development, it has also found use in work on enamels and on glass. The meter is described in this paper and results obtained with it on both laboratory-prepared and commercially prepared chinaware are given. In addition to use in research, it may be of interest to chinaware manufacturers as a control instrument. The chinaware bodies investigated followed Lambert's exponential law of light absorption. The necessity for obtaining translucency data on pieces of the same thickness, even for relative values, is indicated.     

民国景德镇瓷器贴花装饰探析

瓷器贴花装饰是民国景德镇的创新品种,是伴随着机械化生产的日用瓷的发展和印刷技术的提高而逐渐发展起来的陶瓷艺术装饰。贴花装饰不仅给陶瓷装饰带来了新的面貌而且大大地提高了劳动效率,为民国景德镇瓷器装饰增添了新的生机。     

TYT在加弹丝质量检验与质量控制中的应用

TYT是一种可以取代传统的染色性能试验的新型弹力丝试验仪,其通过测定能体现DTY分子结晶度和取向度的收缩率及卷曲率来判定丝束的染色均匀性,具有自动化程高、测试速度快、所得结果准确,直观且不受人为因素影响的特点.     

A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE RESISTANCE TO ABRASION OF CERAMIC GLAZES,ITS CONTROL AND METHODS OF DETERMINATION1

Two test methods, one using an Ingersoll glarimeter to obtain results of a high degree of accuracy, and the other simpler “alternate method” for plant control, are described in detail. Tests on commercial hotel chinaware showed the average resistance of foreign ware was higher than that of the domestic and the variation from the average was, in general, less. Experimental glazes were prepared to study the effect on resistance, of: (1) varying SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ content, (2) glaze thickness, and (3) firing treatment. Data obtained are insufficient to justify definite conclusions regarding the effect of varying SiO₂ and Al₂O₃, but do show the resistance of well-matured glazes to be inversely proportional to thickness, a decrease in resistance as the tendency to matt increases, a markedly increased resistance by the higher glost fire. That type of body affects resistance less than do glaze composition and temperature of glost fire.     

分形艺术在陶瓷工艺品上的应用

对分形艺术进行了讨论，展示了几种经典的分形图案，并通过将这些图案应用到碗、花瓶、花壶三种传统的陶瓷工艺品上的实例，揭示了分形几何和分形艺术在陶瓷界应用的巨大潜力。     

浅析装饰与陶瓷艺术美

本文从装饰的角度入手 ,对我国陶瓷艺术的历史、现状、发展与创新等问题进行分析、探讨 ,寻求符合现代观念的陶瓷装饰艺术。     

赤江高岭土选矿试验研究

赤江高岭土具有良好的工艺性能，但其铁、钛含量较高，无法用于生产高档瓷器。通过选矿，可使其Al2O3由24．91％提高到31．14％，TiO2由0．6％降低到0．54％，烧成白度由31．4％提高到40．91％，可作为生产高档陶瓷的原料。     

II. AUTOCLAVE TEST RESULTS ON CRAZING OF SANITARY WARE AND WALL TILE

Crazed earthenware may be healed by refiring at temperatures lower than the original maturing temperature of its glaze. Such refired specimens may be tested in the autoclave with the same results as the piece originally would have given in the autoclave. Several hundred pieces of old wall tile and sanitary ware were collected, refired, and tested. The investigation showed that testing for two hours with a vapor pressure of 100 lb. per sq in. is sufficient for wall tile and 150 lb. per sq. in. is suitable for sanitary ware to guarantee twenty years of noncrazing under normal conditions.     

THE LABOR AND AIR-POWER COST OF SAND-BLASTING1

Efficiency data are given from experience on adjustment of air and sand quantities, size and shape of nozzle, and distance of nozzle from the work. Production data are given on blasting of large ware and barrel cleaning of small ware. The data are shown in curves.     

INFLUENCE OF FLUXES OF SPODUMENE AND FELDSPAR MIXTURES ON PROPERTIES OF CHINAWARE BODIES*

The most fusible spodumene-feldspar mixture used in these studies was composed of 30% of spodumene, 10% of potash feldspar, and 60% of soda feldspar. In semi-vitreous bodies and vitreous hotel chinaware bodies, however, the most effective fluxes were made up of 30 to 40% of spodumene, 40 to 60% of potash feldspar, and 10 to 20% of soda feldspar. Such fluxes lowered the maturing temperature of these bodies and improved their strength at lower temperatures. When they were fired at cones 6 to 9, their resistance to impact was equal to or higher than that of the feldspar bodies.     

卫生陶瓷烧成用窑炉发展之我见

归纳了当今卫生陶瓷工业的发展现状和水平 ,对窑炉产业提出了的新要求 ,分析了某一新型窑炉的特点 ,对发展我国陶瓷窑炉产业提出了建议     

THE RELATIVE ACTION OF ACIDS ON ENAMEL—V1

The work of the former Committee on Standardization of Tests is the starting point for the work covered in this paper. The action of citric acid on different types of enamels is studied. The time required to produce first etching of cooking ware enamels with 15% acid is investigated. The above lead to the conclusion that commercial cooking ware enamels as a whole are readily etched by 15% citric acid and the degree of etching is not necessarily proportional to the time of action. The use of 1% acetic acid and also the use of a “spot” test are investigated, including tests on commercial ware. The work as a whole brings out certain weaknesses of the possible methods of testing but does not result in the establishment of a satisfactory test.     

ENAMELS OF STANDARD COLORS FOR VITREOUS CHINA SANITARY WARE AT CONE 6*

The composition and preparation of the six colored enamels for producing the standard color samples in use in the sanitary ware industry are given. These enamels can also be used for the production of a standard vitreous china sanitary ware at cone 6.     

USE OF SEDIMENTARY KAOLINS OF GEORGIA IN WHITE-WARES1

Introduction.—From twenty-six different clays tested the eleven best suited to the white ware industries were washed and, after preliminary tests were run, were tried out in the different white ware industries. Laboratory Tests on Crude Clays.—Tables containing data on the physical properties of the green and burned clays are given. Laboratory Tests on Washed Clays.—Test bars and color pats were made from a typical white ware body. The usual physical tests on unburned and burned bodies are reported. Results obtained on the rate of casting and strength of the clays as compared to English and Florida clays are included in the data. Industrial Application.—Plant practice tests carried out at two floor tile and one wall tile plant are reported. Bodies containing eleven Georgia clays were tried out. Better results were obtained in the vitrified bodies than in the porous bodies. The smaller shapes gave better results than the larger. Tests on general ware and electrical porcelain art: in progress. The conclusion is reached that the Georgia sedimentary clays can be used to displace all the china clay in a vitrified tile body but less than half the china clay in plastic bodies. The color of a body is greatly improved by using washed clay: and can be further improved by the addition of cobalt stain.     

IMPROVEMENT OF STIFF-MUD CLAYS THROUGH PH CONTROL *

Clays, when given a correct alkali treatment, show a marked improvement in working qualities. They become more plastic, require less power to extrude the clay through the die, and, when dried, have greater strength and are less pervious to water. The tendency of clays to laminate is reduced. The fired ware is stronger and has a lower moisture absorption. Both acid and calcareous clays are susceptible to improvement by this process. The amount of reagents must be carefully controlled by p_H measurement for best results. The method of testing for p_H. and the limits within which the two type clays must be held are described.