Imaging by LHM Slab Using Negative Refraction and Reflection

In this paper, we have shown a imaging system using negative refraction and reflection by Left-Handed materials (LHM) slab coated by a metal layerat one side. In this imaging system, one image is within the LHM by refraction, the other is at same side of source by reflection and refraction, which is different from the imaging only by refraction. If the LHM is slight loss and mismatch, the LHM slab can also be regarded as a perfect imaging system.      

Time-domain Green's functions for microstrip structures using Cagniard-de hoop method

Time-domain Green's functions are required for transient analyzes of many structures using the time-domain integral equation method. In this paper, we express the generalized reflection coefficient of the microstrip structure in terms of a geometric optics series so that by applying the Cagniard-de Hoop method to each term of the series, we can derive the time-domain Green's function. It is demonstrated that this series converges rapidly and there are two contributing waves from each source image if the observation point is beyond the total internal refraction location. The two waves are the direct wave from the image and the head wave from the image to the critical point, and then laterally along the surface to the observer. Each contribution is a definite integral that is evaluated for each point in space and time. Therefore, the derived Green's function is efficient for time-domain simulations compared with conventional approach, in which for each point in space and frequency a Sommerfeld type integral is involved and then the frequency-domain data is converted into time-domain by discrete Fourier transform. This rigorous Green's function can also be used to check the accuracy of other approximate methods such as those using the discrete complex image theory.     

Wave Interferometry Applied to Borehole Radar: Virtual Multioffset Reflection Profiling

Based on wave-interferometry principles, we describe a procedure to synthesize monostatic and multioffset borehole radar reflection data from cross-hole radar tomography data. The procedure is equivalent to placing multiple transmitting sources in the receiving hole and conducting wide-angle reflection and refraction surveys. The procedure is illustrated using transmission and reflection data generated by numerical simulation of electromagnetic waves for a simple fracture model. The numerically simulated reflection data compare favorably with the reflection data synthesized using the wave-interferometry method. An experimental test of this procedure is also applied to a piece of field data from a pair of boreholes in crystalline igneous bedrock. The results demonstrate the potential of practical use of wave-interferometry methods for extracting reflection information from cross-hole radar tomography data.     

LED照明光扩散膜紫外光固化的研究

光扩散膜的作用是将LED的点状光源均匀转换成面光源,达到匀光的效果。扩散膜其匀光原理系利用光在不同折射率的介质中穿过,使光线产生许多折射、反射、散射,获得光学扩散的效果。选用紫外光聚合物转印技术,建立小批量光扩散膜转移复制工艺。     

光纤光栅反射特性及相位掩模法制作的理论分析

在对光纤光栅折射率分布进行合理假设的基础上，运用耦理论计算了光纤光栅的反射特性，对其反射特性与相关参数的关系进行了进行了分析。     

布喇格光纤光栅反射特性及制作的理论研究

在对光纤光栅折射率分布进行合理假设的基础上,运用耦合模理论计算了光纤光栅的反射特性,对其反射特性与相关参数的关系进行了分析,并且还推导出了用相位掩模法制造光纤光栅的理论根据,得到了一些有益于光纤光栅制造的结论和有用公式。     

Exact image theory for the calculation of fields transmitted through a planar interface of two media

Exact image theory, recently developed for the calculation of fields reflected from a planar interface between two homogenous media, is extended for transmitted field calculation. The image of a point source is found to be a line source located in complex space for proper convergence. Unlike for the reflection image, the transmission image line is seen to be curved in complex space for efficient computation. Expressions are derived for the transmission image of the most general three-dimensional electric and magnetic sources and for media with bothepsilonandmudiscontinuous across the interface. The new theory is verified with several asymptotic tests and properties of the transmission image function are discussed. As an application, radiation from a resonant horizontal loop antenna into the ground is calculated and results are seen to agree with those given in the literature.     

Observation of hurricane-generated ocean swell refraction at the Gulf Stream north wall with the RADARSAT-1 synthetic aperture radar

We analyze the refraction of long oceanic waves at the Gulf Stream's north wall off the Florida coast as observed in imagery obtained from the RADARSAT-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) during the passage of Hurricane Bonnie on August 25, 1998. The wave spectra are derived from RADARSAT-1 SAR images from both inside and outside the Gulf Stream. From the image spectra, we can determine both the long wave's dominant wavelength and its propagation direction with 180/spl deg/ ambiguity. We find that the wavelength of hurricane-generated ocean waves can exceed 200 m. The calculated dominant wavelength from the SAR image spectra agree very well with in situ measurements made by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Data Buoy Center buoys. Since the waves mainly propagate toward the continental shelf from the open ocean, we can eliminate the wave propagation ambiguity. We also discuss the velocity-bunching mechanism. We find that in this very long wave case, the RADARSAT-1 SAR wave spectra should not be appreciably affected by the azimuth falloff, and we find that the ocean swell measurements can be considered reliable. We observe that the oceanic long waves change their propagation directions as they leave the Gulf Stream current. A wave-current interaction model is used to simulate the wave refraction at the Gulf Stream boundary. In addition, the wave shoaling effect is discussed. We find that wave refraction is the dominant mechanism at the Gulf Stream boundary for these very long ocean swells, while wave reflection is not a dominant factor. We extract 256-by-256 pixel full-resolution subimages from the SAR image on both sides of the Gulf Stream boundary, and then derive the wave spectra. The SAR-observed swell refraction angles at the Gulf Stream north wall agree reasonably well with those calculated by the wave-current interaction model.     

舰船尾流中气泡的主动声反射/散射模型

用声反射和折射定理分析气泡与水的分界面处入射声波的反射与折射作用,振动类比电路和气泡的多阶谐振公式分析气泡的声散射作用,建立尾流中气泡的主动声特性模型.通过分析尾流中气泡的主动声反射/散射模型,为后续的多个气泡及尾流的主动声反射/散射模型奠定基础.     

长焦距光学系统中反射光路的设计与装调

针对双高斯型长焦距光学系统后工作距离较长的特点,在光学系统的后工作距离内设计两块反射镜折转光路,缩小光学仪器的尺寸,节省仪器空间和质量。通过反射作用矩阵计算分析了加入两块反射镜后,系统成像不改变。设计了精密螺纹幅微调机构,用于调整反射镜的俯仰和方位角度,调整后固定;设计了十字线和辐射状相结合的像面标定工装及多显微镜组合使用的装调观察工具,提高了装调效率。规划出粗、精相结合的对无穷远目标标定的装调方法,最终标定像面。所使用的设计方案和装调方法在实际工作中切实可行。     

ABCD Matrix for Reflection and Refraction of Gaussian Beams on the Interface of an Elliptic Paraboloid

Paraboloid form is a commonly used element in optical or quasioptical systems. It is necessary to calculate the reflection and/or refraction of Gaussian beams at the surface of a paraboloid. Based on boundary-value relation in electromagnetic field, the expressions are derived for reflection and refraction of Gaussian beams on the interface of an elliptic paraboloid that divides media of different refractive indices. We extend the analysis to an arbitrary angle of incidence, and convert the obtained results to ABCD ray matrix form. By using these matrices, one can easily design and calculate some actual optical or quasioptical systems, including components with paraboloidal interfaces.     

复数折射角的物理内涵

当平面波入射到不同介质的分界面时．会产生反射与折射。对有耗介质,或在界面处产生全反射现象时，折射角为复数。复数折射角常使人感到困惑。本文将给出在不同情况下由复数折射角导出的等相面行进方向角和相速度以及等振幅面的衰减方向角和衰减常数的简洁计算公式，从而揭示复数折射角的物理意义。     

反常涡旋光束锥形折射特性分析

为了分析反常涡旋光束的锥形折射,利用锥形折射衍射理论,给出了反常涡旋光束通过双轴晶体光场的表达式。通过数值模拟,分析了锥形折射的环半径和光束束腰半径的比值、光束阶数、拓扑荷数和传播距离等参数对传输特性的影响。结果表明:当锥形折射的环半径远大于光束束腰半径时,在焦像面处,反常涡旋光束的锥形折射光场与高斯光束的双环结构不同,其光场是多环结构;随着拓扑荷数的增加,在焦像面处的亮环数也会增加;光场进一步传输时,光场从多环结构转换成双环结构,且内外环结构特征也会发生变化。     

Exact image theory for the Sommerfeld half-space problem, part II: Vertical electrical dipole

The exact image theory, introduced earlier by the present authors for the Sommerfeld problem with a vertical magnetic dipole above a planar interface of two dielectric media, is now extended to the more complicated problem of a vertical electric dipole. The image source is seen to be a line current which lies in complex space for best convergence. The image current function is expressable as an integral expression, easily adapted for numerical calculations and unlike for the vertical magnetic dipole, its form is dependent on the dielectric factor ratio of the two half-spaces. Series expansions are given for an easy calculation of the image current. The reflection coefficient method and Sommerfeld surface-wave expressions are obtained as limit cases of the exact image theory. The method is tested for a large grid of field points and good accuracy for a modest calculation algorithm is observed.     

SU-8胶曝光衍射效应的模拟及丙三醇补偿方法

基于SU-8胶的UV-LIGA技术是MEMS中制备高深宽比结构的一种重要方法,但由于衍射效应会使结构的侧壁不再垂直，根据菲涅耳衍射模型,考虑了丙三醇/SU-8界面的反射和折射现象,模拟了丙三醇填充在掩膜版和光刻胶之间时的刻蚀图形。计算结果与已有的实验进行了比较,模型基本可以描述这种光刻过程,可在设计时作为参考。     

RCWA方法设计阶梯形光学生物分子检测探针

设计了一种阶梯形光学生物分子检测探针,并利用严格耦合波分析（RCWA）法计算了此探针的反射光谱的反射效率。模拟结果表明,此探针的反射谱中特定峰值处,探针周围的待测物折射率与探针的入射角间呈线性变化,且探针反射效率与待测物折射率和入射角均符合左半高斯型曲线分布。所以,既可应用入射角来反映待测物折射率的变化,也可利用反射效率的变化反映待测物折射率的变化。基于此研究的方法和结果可广泛应用于生物传感器和生物分析等研究领域。     

平面波在双负和双正参数媒质界面的反射与折射

研究了平面波在均匀无耗的、各向同性的、介电常数和磁导率同时为正和同时为负的媒质界面的反射与折射.理论分析了反射波和透射波在两种媒质中的传播特性,从而解释了负折射发生的原理.还给出了反射系数和透射系数的表达式.讨论了发生全反射和全折射的可能条件.     

Efficient calculation of the fields of a dipole radiating above an impedance surface

The classic problem of field computation for an infinitesimal dipole radiating above an impedance half-space is revisited. The expressions for the traditional solution consist of integrals of the Sommerfeld type that cannot be evaluated in closed form and due to their highly oscillatory nature are difficult to evaluate numerically. A method known as exact image theory, which has previously been applied to vertical electric and magnetic dipoles, is used to derive explicit expressions for dipoles of arbitrary orientation above impedance surfaces. Starting from the spectral representation of the field, the reflection coefficients are cast in the form of exact Laplace transforms and then by changing the order of integrations field expressions in terms of rapidly converging integrals are obtained. These expressions are exact, and valid for any arbitrary source alignment or observation position. It is shown that the formulation for a horizontal dipole contains an image in the conjugate complex plane resulting in a diverging exponential term not previously addressed in the literature. It is shown through further mathematical manipulations, that the diverging term is a contribution of the mirror image which can be extracted. Comparison of numerical results from exact image theory and the original Sommerfeld-type expressions shows good agreement as well as a speedup in computation time of many orders of magnitude, which depends on the distance between the transmitter and the receiver. This formulation can effectively replace the approximate asymptotic expressions used for predicting wave propagation over a smooth planar ground (having different regions of validity). The exact image formulation is also of practical use in evaluation of the Green's function for various applications in scattering problems where approximate solutions are not sufficient.     

二维光子晶体的负折射现象

研究了由多层周期圆柱阵构成的二维光子晶体对电磁波的散射,并通过算例从数值上证实了负折射现象的存在.采用的是有效而精确的T-矩阵方法.首先利用单个圆柱的T-矩阵和体现层阵列周期性的栅和得到每一层周期阵的空间谐波散射与透射矩阵,再将每一层的散射与透射矩阵级联起来而得到多层周期圆柱阵的广义散射与透射矩阵.给出了具体的算例,画出了该光子晶体上部空间和下部空间的场的幅值分布,还给出了晶体内部和外部坡印亭矢量的分布图.这些图清楚地显示了负折射现象的存在.     

Analysis of the probe-fed annular microstrip antenna for hyperthermic applicators

The exact image theory is applied to obtain the exact field distribution of an annular microstrip radiator over a two layered biological medium. First, the image functions for the three layer structure (substrate-skin-fat) are derived by expanding the Fourier domain reflection coefficient into a sum of pole terms, known also as the Mittag-Leffler expansion. Secondly, the current distribution on the strip is solved by using the Galerkin’s method with continuous trigonometrical basis functions. In order to reduce the focus of the antenna, the dependence of the focus size on the radius of the antenna is calculated.