不同方法比较黄酮类化合物抗氧化性及其构效关系分析

通过三种化学抗氧化方法(DPPH、FRAP和ORAC法)以及细胞抗氧化方法(CAA法)对芹菜素、山奈酚、木犀草素、槲皮素4种黄酮甙元及它们的糖苷化合物抗氧化活性进行比较研究,结果表明DPPH和FRAP法基本一致,芹菜素、牡荆素和异牡荆素这类C环上无羟基且B环只有一个羟基的黄酮抗氧化性极低;在C环上的羟基相同时,B环有3',4'-邻二羟基的木犀草素和槲皮素的抗氧化活性显著高于仅含4'-OH的芹菜素和山奈酚;而ORAC法的结果与此相反。化学抗氧化测定结果均表明,当C环羟基被取代形成3-O-连黄酮苷时其抗氧化活性减小;而A环上6、8号位的氢被取代形成C-连黄酮苷时其抗氧化性反而会增加。CAA法结果显示,当C环无羟基时,B环只有一个4-OH的芹菜素及其黄酮苷无细胞抗氧化性,但B环有两个羟基的木犀草素及其糖苷却显示出较强的氧化性。与化学抗氧化性不同,A环上C-连黄酮苷的抗氧化性低于其苷元,而C环O-连糖苷的影响则较为复杂。     

黄酮类化合物抗氧化性质的研究进展

主要综述了黄酮类化合物的抗氧化特征及抗氧化性与结构的关系,阐述了抗氧化性能主要受酚羟基取代基的位置和数目、4位羰基、羟基成苷、羟基甲基化和△2（3）双键等因素的影响;并描述了黄酮类化合物抗氧化的电化学性质,包括电化学检测和抗氧活性评价、利用电化学方法进行动力学探讨以及抗氧化剂与DNA之间的相互作用.     

多黄酮混合物抗氧化活性的协同与拮抗作用

以DPPH自由基清除能力、•OH清除能力、总抗氧化性、还原能力等不同机理的氧化还原反应为评价指标,分析7种黄酮类化合物中的3 种以质量比1∶1∶1混合后,混合物体外抗氧化活性的协同与拮抗作用;用高效液相色谱（high-performance liquid chromatography,HPLC）测定黄酮两两混合物与DPPH自由基反应过程中的结构变化。结果表明：4-羰基与2,3-双键对多黄酮混合物相互作用的影响大于B环邻二羟基,B环邻二羟基对多黄酮混合物相互作用的影响大于B环仅有一个酚羟基的结构。黄酮之间相互作用的发生,与氧化还原反应中氧化剂的比例和反应时间有关,只有当氧化剂比例以及反应时间达到某一程度,黄酮之间的相互作用才开始发生。在此之前,抗氧化性更强的黄酮组分先被氧化。     

陈皮中黄酮类化合物的抗氧化性

目的研究陈皮中黄酮类化合物的抗氧化性。方法用茜素紫作显色剂，分光光度法测定黄酮类化合物对Co^2＋ ＋H2O2体系所产生的羟基自由基的消除作用。利用连苯三酚自氧化法测定陈皮中黄酮类化合物对超氧阴离子自由基的消除作用。结果陈皮中黄酮类化合物对羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基有消除作用。结论陈皮中黄酮类化合物具有良好的抗氧化活性。     

3种黄酮类化合物对α-淀粉酶的抑制机制

黄酮类化合物可以通过抑制α-淀粉酶的活性来调节血糖水平,然而,黄酮类化合物对α-淀粉酶的抑制机制和二者构效关系的研究十分有限,特别是B环上的羟基化和C环上的糖基化对黄酮类化合物抑制α-淀粉酶的影响尚不清楚。为探究黄酮类化合物对α-淀粉酶的抑制机制和构效关系,分析了芦丁、槲皮素、山奈酚3种黄酮类化合物对α-淀粉酶的抑制类型、荧光淬灭特性、构象变化、结合力和结合位点。结果表明,山奈酚对α-淀粉酶的抑制能力最强,芦丁最弱。C环C3处的糖基化和B环C3’处的羟基化均削弱了黄酮类化合物对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用。淬灭亲和力被C环C3处的糖基增强,被B环C3’处的羟基削弱。3种黄酮类化合物主要通过氢键和疏水作用与α-淀粉酶自发结合,导致酶的结构和疏水微环境被改变,进而有效抑制α-淀粉酶的活性。研究旨在为富含黄酮类化合物的降血糖食品的开发和应用提供理论参考。     

金针菇黄酮类化合物的抗氧化性作用

通过邻苯三酚自氧化法,水杨酸法比色法分别测定金针菇的黄酮类化合物清除超氧阴离子自由基(.O2-)以及羟基自由基(.OH)的效果。结果表明,不同浓度的金针菇黄酮类化合物能显著地清除超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基,且随着金针菇黄酮类化合物浓度的升高其抗氧化性作用逐渐增强,并在一定浓度范围内黄酮化合物与抑制率呈正相关。     

陈皮中黄酮类化合物的抗氧化性

目的研究陈皮中黄酮类化合物的抗氧化性。方法用茜素紫作显色剂,分光光度法测定黄酮类化合物对Co2 H2O2体系所产生的羟基自由基的消除作用。利用连苯三酚自氧化法测定陈皮中黄酮类化合物对超氧阴离子自由基的消除作用。结果陈皮中黄酮类化合物对羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基有消除作用。结论陈皮中黄酮类化合物具有良好的抗氧化活性。     

桑枝黄酮的提取及抗氧化作用研究

为更好开发利用桑枝,研究提取桑枝的总黄酮类化合物含量的条件,以及黄酮提取物的抗氧化性。结果表明,采用60%乙醇提取效果最好,产品浓度可达到32.03mg/mL。采用DPPH法和清除羟基法检测黄酮提取物的抗氧化活性,发现桑枝黄铜提取物具有一定抗氧化性,且随着浓度增加其抗氧化活性增大。实验结果可为综合开发利用桑枝资源、延长桑枝加工的产业链提供一定参考依据。     

黄酮类化合物结构特征与抗氧化性关系研究进展

黄酮类化合物是具有显著抗氧化功能的第二大植物多酚类化合物。黄酮类化合物抗氧化性与其结构特征一一对应,由于这些化合物均以黄烷为母核,因此取代基数量、位置和类型都极大影响它们抗氧化功能;尽管许多结论之间还存在不一致,但仍有一些构效关系在体外已得到确证。例如,多个羟基赋予化合物分子更显著抗氧化性质,甲基基团虽对化合物立体效应不利,但增加分子亲脂性和在细胞膜中分配性能,更有利于分子发挥其抗氧化功能;双键和羰基结构增加化合物活性,则是与其分子上电子共轭和离域有关。     

黄花菜中黄酮类物质抗氧化性的研究

采用浓度为95％的乙醇提取黄花菜中的总黄酮物质，分光光度法测定黄花菜中的总黄酮含量，提取率为6.85％。研究了黄花菜中黄酮类化合物对超氧自由基、羟基自由基的清除作用，结果表明：黄花菜中黄酮类化合物对清除自由基有明显的作用，黄酮类化合物的添加量在试验范围内与其抗氧化性呈正相关；同时还研究了提取物与Vc的协同抗氧化作用，证明有较好的增效作用。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the