自适应PI主动队列管理算法

主动队列管理是一个非常活跃的研究领域,相对于丢尾算法,AQM(active queue management)能够提供更短的平均队列延迟和更高的带宽利用率.虽然PI(proporrional integral)主动队列管理算法的性能优于RED(random early detection)算法,但是PI算法的收敛速度比较慢.以PI算法为基础提出了一种自适应PI算法API(adaptive proportional integral).API通过实时测量链路的报文丢失率,获得当前的负载信息,然后动态设置PI算法中的有关参数.通过ns-2模拟表明,相对于PI及其改进算法PIP(proportional integral based series compensation and position feedback compensation),API具有更快的收敛速度和更小的队列抖动.     

PIPIO：一个新的面向区分服务确保转发的主动队列管理算法

RIO是用于支持区分服务确保转发逐跳行为的主动队列管理算法，该算法是对RED算法的简单扩充。由于RED算法的性能对配置参数敏感，因此基于RED算法的RIO算法必然具有配置参数敏感的特点。PI算法是基于控制论的主动队列管理算法，具有队列长度抖动小的特点。PIP算法是PI算法的改进，比PI具有更快的收敛速度。本文基于PIP算法设计了一个新的主动队列管理算法PIPIO。该算法队列长度抖动小，同时能保护高优先级报文。     

GPID:变速PID主动队列管理算法

主动队列管理(Active Queue Management,简称AQM)是网络拥塞控制领域的一个热点.针对主动队列管理中PID算法超调量大,抖动大的问题,提出一种GPID(Gearshift PID)的拥塞控制算法.该算法特点是:积分作用大小跟随瞬时队列长度的偏差大小变动而变动,队列长度的偏差越大,则积分系数值越小,收敛速度越慢,超调量越大;反之,偏差越小,积分系数值越大,收敛速度越快,超调量越大.该算法可以有效的控制队列长度的偏差变化,调节瞬时队列长度趋于队列期望值收敛.仿真实验结果表明,该算法收敛速度快,链路利用率高,平均队列长度更趋于期望值.     

基于区分服务的主动队列管理算法研究

分析了几种主动队列管理算法.RIO算法是用于支持区分服务确保转发逐跳行为的主动队列管理算法,它是对RED算法的简单扩充,但是该算法的性能对配置参数敏感.PI算法是基于控制论的主动队列管理算法,具有队列长度抖动小的特点.PIP算法是PI算法的改进,比PI算法具有更快的收敛速度.为了更好地满足AF PHB的要求,基于PlP算法,结合三色标记器的功能,提出一个新的主动队列管理算法PIPGYR(PIP with Green&Yellow&Red).通过仿真验证,该算法队列长度抖动小,同时能够保护高优先级分组.     

基于微分先行PI的主动队列管理算法

主动队列管理(AQM)作为一种重要的IP层拥塞控制策略，对于提高Internet的服务质量起到了关键性的作用。简要介绍了AQM算法的研究现状和AQM中的PI算法，依据TCP拥塞控制策略基于数据包丢弃的窗口变化机制，设计了一种基于微分先行PI的主动队列管理算法，该算法依据路由器中队列长度的变化采用一定的微分校正原则，实时调整进入该路由器数据包的丢弃概率，使路由器中的队列长度能够稳定在参考值附近。仿真结果表明，该算法与PI算法相比具有更小的超调量，可以明显的加快收敛的速度，从而使Internet的服务质量有更大程度的提高。     

随机早期检测算法的研究与改进

主动队列管理是实现网络拥塞控制的重要技术,随机早期检测算法作为一个重要的主动队列管理机制,在一定程度上能够缓解网络拥塞。针对该算法的稳定性不足、平均队列长度不能完全反映网络拥塞状况等问题,给出一种改进算法,使它更有效地对网络拥塞进行控制。并通过仿真进行性能分析,以此证实该改进算法的有效性。     

一种无线传感器网络的拥塞避免机制

针对无线传感器网络(WSN)的拥塞问题,本文提出了一种WSN的拥塞避免机制API_DR.该机制将中间节点和源端相结合,中间节点引入自适应PI主动队列管理算法,以适应WSN的动态环境;源端采用区分丢包的速率调节策略,综合当前拥塞状况和WSN高误码特性调节发送速率,避免源端误启动拥塞控制机制带来的能量消耗和吞吐量的降低.NS2仿真表明,API_DR既能较好地控制队列长度,提高吞吐量和降低丢包率,又能有效地避免拥塞,使源节点发送速率相对稳定.     

ACK报文拥塞对网络性能影响的研究

为了提高网络性能和安全、设计更有效地队列拥塞控制算法,通过研究现有的一些主动队列拥塞控制算法发现:大多数的拥塞控制算法的实现是基于队列长度或平均队列长度,这使得算法在提高网络整体性能上具有局限性。本文在现有的网络队列拥塞控制算法的基础上,将ACK信息确认报文传输状态引入到队列拥塞控制算法研究的系统中,通过仿真实验发现:ACK数据报文的传输状态在很大程度上影响着网络的吞吐量、数据包的传输延迟等。     

一种改进的主动队列管理算法

主动队列管理是实现网络拥塞控制的重要技术,但是多数主动队列管理算法如随机早期检(RED)都存在对参数依赖性强的问题。针对RED算法中平均队列长度不能完全反映网络拥塞状况的问题,该文结合平均队列长度和网络的负载,提出一种改进的RED算法。该算法能根据网络负载的变化,自适应地调整丢包的概率,使它更符合网络的实际状况。通过仿真进行了性能分析,证明了算法的有效性。     

一种短流优先的公平带宽分配机制

提出一种短流优先的公平带宽分配机制FPIP(fair PIP).通过区别处理短流和长流的报文,FPIP能够将带宽优先分配给短流,然后将剩余的带宽在长流之间公平分配.此外,FPIP采用主动队列管理机制AQM(active queue management)检测拥塞并控制队列长度.仿真结果表明,FPIP在保证公平性、控制队列长度、减小Web流的响应时间等方面具有良好的性能.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。