配NO2调节NOx氧化度双循环一塔硫硝同脱研究

以石灰浆液作吸收液,在筛板塔双循环模式下开展了模拟烟气同时脱硫脱硝实验,并通过配加NO2调节NOx氧化度来提高脱硝率.主要研究了液气比、吸收液温度、NO2/NOx (体积比)、SO2浓度等因素对脱硝率的影响.实验结果表明:当烟气量20 m3/h,SO2和NO进气体积分数分别为5.5×10-4和3×10-4,NO2/NOx为0.5,液气比4 L/m3,温度298 K的石灰浆液吸收烟气时,SO2和NOx的吸收率分别可达到96.63％和88.36％,实现了脱硫脱硝同塔完成.     

气液双相强化的湿式氧化锰循环烟气脱硝研究

采用NO_2气体和Mn O_2固体进行气液两相强化吸收脱硝实验。N O_2混入模拟烟道气中,提高氧化度,强化NO溶入吸收液中;MnO_2混入稀硝酸中,将吸收产物及时氧化成硝酸锰。在填料塔内进行脱硝实验,主要考察MnO_2浓度、NO_x氧化度、反应温度、吸收液初始pH、液气比、Mn(NO_3)_2浓度对脱硝效率的影响。结果表明,优化各工艺参数,NO_x的脱除效率可达82.68%;吸收液主要成分为Mn(NO_3)_2,不断累积后对脱硝率没有影响,浓缩热分解可得到N O_2和Mn O_2。     

填料塔中钠碱溶液脱除烟气中SO_2研究

在内径为400 mm的填料塔内,以Na2SO3为吸收剂进行了烟气脱硫模拟实验研究,重点考察了吸收液pH值、液气比(VL/Vg)、空塔气速、烟气中SO2初始浓度、吸收液温度及吸收剂初始浓度等对脱硫率的影响,确定出各影响因素与脱硫率间的关系及实验室规模下本工艺适宜的操作条件。结果表明,在吸收液pH=6—7、液气比1—2 L/m3、空塔气速1—1.5 m/s、吸收液温度50℃以下、吸收剂Na2SO3初始浓度0.3—0.5 mol/L、进口SO2质量浓度约为4 300 mg/m3时,脱硫率均可大于80%。实验结果可为实际脱硫装置设计及运行提供必要的基础数据。     

尿素法脱硝试验的研究

尿素湿法脱硝技术具有流程简单、投资费用低、反应产物可直接排放、净化率高等优点,是NO_x烟气治理的重要方法。采用鼓泡方法,考察了以尿素溶液作为吸收剂对NO_x烟气的吸收效果,探索了吸收液pH值、进气流量、反应温度、一氧化氮氧化度、反应时间等条件对NO_x吸收率的影响。试验结果表明:脱硝反应的最佳条件为以pH值为14的尿素溶液作为吸收剂,进气流量(入口烟气最佳流速)18 000 mL/h、反应温度30℃、一氧化氮的氧化度50%、脱硝反应时间不超过12 h;同时,为了达到环保要求,在反应12 h后应更换吸收液。在最佳反应条件下,出口氮氧化物质量浓度为220 mg/m~3,可以满足环保要求。     

CO3O4/MPS催化氧化NO性能

微乳法制备的介孔二氧化硅（MPS）负载Co3O4构成了Co3O4/MPS催化剂,考察了负载量、焙烧温度等制备条件和反应温度、空速、NO进口浓度、O2体积分数等操作条件对Co3O4/MPS催化氧化NO性能的影响,并对载体及催化剂进行了BET和XRD表征。结果表明：MPS比表面积远大于其它载体,Co3O4呈立方晶型,MPS负载25%的Co3O4在300 ℃下焙烧3 h得到催化剂的晶体颗粒最小,分散性好,具有最佳催化氧化活性和良好的稳定性,在NO进口浓度500 μL/L、O2体积分数10%、空速12 000 h－1的条件下,250 ℃时NO氧化率可达50%～60%（此时可获得最高的NOx吸收效率）,300 ℃氧化率达到80%以上,接近热力学平衡值。     

超重力强化碱液氧化吸收脱除NO的研究

根据湿法吸收NO机理,采用超重力旋转填充床(RPB)作为反应设备,分别用H_2O_2、Ca(OH)_2作为吸收剂,探究NO脱除的最佳浓度;将两种最佳脱除浓度的吸收剂以体积比1∶1混合为双组分吸收剂,探究NO脱除的最佳实验条件。结果表明,0.80 mol/L H_2O_2溶液的脱除效率最佳,NO脱除效率在36.00%左右;0.03 mol/L Ca(OH)_2溶液脱除效率最佳,脱除效率在78.00%左右;0.03 mol/L Ca(OH)_2溶液与0.80 mol/L H_2O_2溶液以体积比1∶1混合的双组分吸收剂,其NO的脱除效率最高能达到99.00%。双组分吸收液在含氧量为4%,气液比为2∶1的实验条件下NO脱除率最佳,双组分吸收液的pH在11.00～12.00之间,反应开始70 min,NO的脱除率保持在90.00%以上,反应120 min脱硝效率在60.00%左右。     

乙二胺/磷酸溶液吸收SO_2的实验研究

通过实验研究了乙二胺/磷酸溶液在填料塔中的脱硫性能。考察了吸收液在不同的液气比、温度、pH值、浓度、SO2含量下的脱硫率,从而确立了适宜的工艺操作条件。适宜的操作条件为:液气比L/G=0 6～1 0,乙二胺浓度为0 3mol/L左右,pH值=6 0～7 5,吸收温度为4060℃,吸收液入口SO2质量浓度为6～8g/L。     

纯碱液喷射吸收NOx制硝盐的研究

在喷射吸收器内用纯碱液吸收NOx气体,从理论上和实践上研究了碱液浓度、NOx浓度和组成、反应温度、液气比和气速等对吸收度的影响。结果表明,与同样条件下的填料塔相比较,可以少投资、大生产、节能耗。     

NO_X气体的氧化吸收工艺

为了净化酸洗及化学抛光过程中逸出的NO_x气体,作者提出了用H_2O_2溶液代替常用的NaOH作为吸收液来氧化吸收NO_x气体。吸收塔由二级组成,并采用反馈式结构,总的反应吸收时间为10秒,最终可达到进口NO_x浓度在2000—3000ppm时,出口处NO_x浓度的绝对值小于200ppm,而吸收液中HNO_3的浓度可达3—5N可以回用,而且消除了亚硝酸盐的二次污染。     

NaClO_2水溶液脱硝的工艺条件及机理

在小型填料塔中考察了NaClO_2初始浓度、NO初始浓度、反应温度、初始p H值和液气比等因素对NaClO_2水溶液吸收NO_x过程的影响,分析了NaClO_2水溶液脱硝的过程特性,并解析了NaClO_2与NO_x之间的反应机理。结果表明,NaClO_2水溶液具有优良的脱硝性能,在合适的操作条件下,NO转化率可达到100%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。