故障诊断专家系统及其发展

文章对主要的故障诊断专家系统进行了系统的归纳和分类,主要关注故障诊断专家系统在军事领域的应用;重点讨论了基于规则的诊断专家系统、基于模型的诊断专家系统、基于人工神经网络的诊断专家系统、基于模糊推理的诊断专家系统和基于事例的诊断专家系统的技术要点、发展现状、优缺点及其在军事方面的应用;最后,对该学科的发展做出了预测,指出基于多种模型结合的诊断专家系统、分布式诊断专家系统、实时诊断专家系统是今后的发展方向。     

浅谈专家系统现状与开发

专家系统是人工智能领域最重要的应用之一。介绍了专家系统的含义与结构,对专家系统的研究与应用现状、开发方法进行了论述,并提出了新型专家系统的发展趋势与特点,指出专家系统重大的社会和经济价值。     

专家系统与Web技术集成的研究

专家系统和Web技术是两项重要技术。将专家系统与Web技术集成,开发基于Internet的专家系统,可以克服传统专家系统的一些缺陷。文章简要介绍了传统专家系统所存在的问题以及Web技术对专家系统提供的支持,在此基础上提出了三种集成Web技术的专家系统结构模型,并介绍了每种结构所采用的关键技术。     

协同式变电站故障诊断专家系统

传统的变电站故障诊断专家系统在单个PC机上工作,造成PC机的负载很重,推理效率很低。针对这个问题,论文设计了具有自学习能力的变电站故障诊断专家系统(CSFDES),其中的多个子专家系统和核心专家系统协同工作。子专家系统应用不确定推理机制实现了快速的故障诊断。子专家系统将故障不确定事件提交给核心专家系统。核心专家系统利用设计的基于事例的推理机制,提高了故障诊断的准确性。CSFDES的原型系统初步应用到变电站的故障诊断,具有较高的实时性和准确性。     

专家系统开发技术

本文结合我系研制的几个实用专家系统,分析了专家系统的应用背景和实用专家系统的开发技术,并针对当前专家系统中存在的局限性,提出了新一代专家系统的设计目标和结构特征。     

基于Agent的专家系统推理模型

针对传统专家系统推理模型结构在知识获取方面适应性差的现状,从系统科学的视角,运用复杂适应系统理论,对传统专家系统的结构及运行机制进行了改进.引入Agent来模拟人脑中的神经元,用来承载专家系统中相互作用的知识,然后,基于Multi-Agent之间的相互作用来构建复杂适应的专家系统推理模型.从而,将专家系统中的知识获取机制、知识库、推理机三者统一于由Multi-Agent进行相互作用的复杂适应系统之中.通过设计体育赛事申办决策专家系统的原型,进行了专家系统推理模型的验证.原型运行结果表明:基于Multi-Agent的专家系统推理模型结构能够有效地提高专家系统知识获取的适应性.这为研究更加接近人脑智能的专家系统提供了崭新的研究思路.     

专家系统研究现状与展望

回顾了专家系统发展的历史和现状.对目前比较成熟的专家系统模型进行分析,指出各自的特点和局限性.最后对专家系统的热点进行展望并介绍了新型专家系统.     

专家系统开发平台的对比

在人工智能领域中,专家系统是应用最广泛、最成功的领域之一。专家系统的开发技术水平直接影响专家系统的开发效率,甚至决定着一个专家系统的最终命运。本文首先介绍了专家系统的各种软件环境,同时分析用各种平台开发专家系统的优点和特点,最后提出未来的软件发展方向。     

专家系统工具以及ZDEST—1

随着专家系统研究,应用工作的广泛开展,专家系统工具作为快速构造专家系统的有效工具也日益受到人们的重视。本文针对专家系统工具研究的现状,按照专家系统工具的功能和产生背景将专家系统工具分成几类,介绍了各类的典型代表。文中还着重介绍了我室研制成功的专家系统工具ZDEST-1系统并将ZDEST-1与一些典型系统作了对比。     

高速硬铣削工艺专家系统的关键技术研究

本文在对高速硬铣削工艺专家系统框架分析的基础上,设计了一个具有模糊推理功能的专家系统,该专家系统采用模拟退火算法调整模糊规则,以实现提高专家系统预测精度的目的。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.