共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 70 毫秒
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煤炭在超临界水中氧化的初步实验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了煤炭在超临界水中氧化的基本规律,实验表明在以超临界水为介质的情况下,煤炭氧化过程产生的溶液冷却减压后产生的气相中无有害气体; 其中所含的硫、氮逐步转化为SO42–和N2; 煤炭氧化的程度随温度、H2O2水溶液的浓度增加而加快,反应温度的影响尤其显著. 相似文献
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基于热力学平衡原理,采用FactSage软件中的Equilib模块对气化过程进行化学平衡计算。主要考察了物料配比、温度、压力、CaO等对气化过程中气态产物的影响。根据模拟结果可以得到以下结论:物料配比和温度是最主要的影响因素。在温度和压力一定的情况下,随着煤质量分数的增加气体产物中H_2的摩尔分数在持续下降;在物料配比和压力一定的情况下,随着温度的升高H_2的摩尔分数逐渐升高,当温度升高到800℃时H_2的摩尔分数为66%。压力对煤在超临界水中的气化过程没有显著影响;CaO只是做为CO_2的吸收剂,对H_2产率没有太大影响。 相似文献
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超临界水中苯酚的氧化分解 总被引:27,自引:4,他引:23
超临界水中苯酚的氧化分解林春绵金耀门潘志彦(浙江工业大学职教学院,杭州310014)关键词超临界水苯酚氧化1前言开发有效的废水处理技术,强化废水的处理,实现水的循环使用,对减轻环境污染问题和水资源危机都有非常重要的意义。超临界氧化法处理工业有机废水... 相似文献
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An aqueous solution of aniline was oxidized in supercritical water with a flow reactor under the conditions of 25 MPa, 300% excess oxygen, 2.351×10-4 mol*L-1 aniline .GC-MS analysis of the oxidation products extracted from the aqueous reactor effluent permitted identification of compounds such as azobenzene, phenazine and acetic acid. The products could be classified as dimers,single-ring or ring-opening produces,carboxylic acids and ultimate products.The contents of dimers (such as azobenzene and phenazine) were greater than other products.A reaction network consistent with the experimental observations was developed. The study revealed that aniline might be oxidized to ultimate products through two parallel pathways. The formation of dimers such as azobenzene, phenazine and the further oxidation of these dimers were the main pathways. It was indicated experimentally that the rate controlling step of aniline oxidation was the further oxidation of azobenzene and phenazine, but not the further oxidation of organic acid such as acetic acid, formic acid and so on. 相似文献
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乙酸在超临界水中氧化分解的动力学研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
乙酸被认为是含碳氢有机物在超临界水中氧化降解的中间产物,甚至是关键的反应速率控制产物.今对影响超临界水中乙酸氧化降解的因素进行了实验研究,用总有机碳(TOC)含量来表示浓度,用幂指数方程来描述反应速率, 通过多参数曲线拟合, 求得了动力学参数; 反应活化能为144.8kJ@mol-1, 潜力因子为5.09×1010,对乙酸TOC浓度的反应级数为1.28, 对氧为0.4.结果表明超临界水氧化法可以有效地去除水中的乙酸,去除率最高可达99%以上.在实验的条件范围, 氧气过量倍数和温度越高, 乙酸水溶液质量流量越小, 乙酸的降解率也越高.求得的动力学方程能较好地预测实际结果. 相似文献
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超临界水氧化技术是一种快速彻底降解废水中有机物质的新型处理技术。在超临界水氧化有机物中 ,乙酸被认为是一种中间产物 ,乙酸氧化是反应速率的控制步骤 ,其氧化动力学的研究对反应器设计具有重要意义。大部分研究都集中在动力学参数和反应条件如温度、压力、密度和停留时间上。最近的研究发现加入二氧化锰等催化剂 ,可缓和反应温度、压力条件 ,以达到高效节能的目的。综述了目前在超临界水氧化乙酸动力学方面的研究进展。对连续平推流或间歇反应器中实验数据用幂指数曲线拟合得到的动力学方程表明 ,乙酸氧化为一级反应 相似文献
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以二氧化锰为催化剂进行了含硝基苯废水在超临界水中的催化氧化研究。研究结果表明,二氧化锰具有较高的催化活性,大大促进了硝基苯的降解,且催化活性稳定。在工艺条件实验中,考察了压力、氧气用量、温度和停留时间等因素对硝基苯去除率的影响,在影响因素考察的基础上确定了适宜的催化氧化工艺条件:温度460℃,压力28 MPa,氧气用量15倍计量倍数,停留时间不小于7 s。在此工艺条件下,废水经处理后硝基苯含量低于3 mg/L,总有机碳(TOC)含量低于6 mg/L,均达到了GB8978-1996的排放要求。 相似文献
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焦化废水在超临界水中的催化氧化研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
采用催化超临界水氧化技术针对焦化废水的主要污染物降解过程进行了研究.结果表明,反应温度是影响焦化废水中污染物氧化降解的主要因素;随着反应温度、压力和停留时间的增大,污染物的降解率均有不同程度的提高;氧气过量倍数增加,有利于污染物降解,但是当过量倍数大于15之后,其影响已不明显.在工艺条件研究的基础上,确定了焦化废水催化超临界水氧化适宜工艺条件为:反应温度460℃、反应压力28 MPa、氧气过量倍数15倍、停留时间大于8.4 s.在此条件下,焦化废水经处理后主要污染物苯酚浓度为0.01 mg·L-1,氨氮浓度为6.9 mg·L-1,喹啉浓度为1.4 mg·L-1,TOC浓度为6.0 mg·L-1.结合GC-MS分析结果,对焦化废水中有机物氧化降解的路径及机理进行了研究. 相似文献
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超临界水氧化法处理焦化废水的试验研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
对超临界水氧化技术处理焦化废水进行了试验研究,分别以双氧水、重铬酸钾、高锰酸钾、次氯酸钠为氧化剂,硫酸铜为催化剂,考察了温度、停留时间对焦化废水中CODCr、氨氮的去除效果的影响。试验结果表明,废水中的CODCr、氨氮去除率随着反应温度和停留时间的增大而提高。在相同反应条件下,以双氧水为氧化剂的处理效果优于其它3种氧化剂。试验确定了最适宜工艺条件为:以双氧水为氧化剂,投加量为理论投加量的3倍,硫酸铜为催化剂,反应温度480℃,反应压力24 MPa,反应时间60 s。在此工艺条件下,废水的CODCr去除率达99.5%,氨氮降解率达90%。 相似文献
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Pengyu Wang 《The Journal of Supercritical Fluids》2010,52(2):222-227
Non-catalytic Oppenauer oxidation was applied for alcohols, such as benzyl alcohol (4) and benzhydrol (1), in the presence of an excess amount of carbonyl compound, formaldehyde (5a), as an oxidant with and without water. Oppenauer oxidation took place in both reactions of 4 and 1 to afford the oxidation products, benzaldehyde (6) (95%) and benzophenone (2) (64%), concomitant with relatively small amounts of reduction products, toluene (7) (1%) and diphenylmethane (3) (13%), respectively, at 400 °C for 10 min without water in an SUS 316 batch-type tubular reactor. Lower yields of oxidation products 6 (68%) and 2 (30%) were obtained in supercritical water under the conditions of 400 °C, 10 min, and 0.35 g/mL water density, while the formation of the reduction products 7 and 3 was completely suppressed. Thus, water was indispensable for the clean and highly selective Oppenauer oxidation of 4 and 1 to yield 6 and 2. 相似文献
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超临界水氧化是水处理技术发展的新方向,但该技术对设备的要求比较高,工业化应用仍有一定的难度。为了克服这一难题,目前的研究工作主要集中在催化剂的选择以及设备防腐蚀等方面。介绍了贵金属类催化剂、过渡金属类催化剂、碱金属盐类催化剂、杂聚酸类催化剂以及碳基类催化剂,在降解不同污染物时的催化效率。在反应器材质和反应器形式的研究中,分别对铁、镊、铬等纯金属以及不同材料的合金在各种条件下的防腐蚀性能作了比较;两种最新的反应器形式:可蒸发壁式反应器和流动式反应器。它们在超临界水氧化中表现出了良好的防腐能力。 相似文献
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Corrosion control methods in supercritical water oxidation and gasification processes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Use of supercritical water (SCW) as a medium for oxidation reactions, conversion of organic materials to gaseous or liquid products, and for organic and inorganic synthesis processes, has been the subject of extensive research, development, and some commercial activity for over 25 years. A key aspect of the technology concerns the identification of materials, component designs, and operating techniques suitable for handling the moderately high temperatures and pressures and aggressive environments present in many SCW processes. Depending upon the particular application, or upon the particular location within a single process, the SCW process environment may be oxidizing, reducing, acidic, basic, nonionic, or highly ionic. Thus, it is difficult to find any one material or design that can withstand the effects of all feed types under all conditions. Nevertheless, several approaches have been developed to allow successful continuous processing with sufficient corrosion resistance for an acceptable period of time. The present paper reviews the experience to date for methods of corrosion control in the two most prevalent SCW processing applications: supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) and supercritical water gasification (SCWG). 相似文献
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In this work, the denitrogenation of hydrocarbons under supercritical water oxidation environment was investigated in a rotated bomb reactor at 623-723 K and 25-35 MPa over sulfided NiMo catalyst. Quinoline was used as a model nitrogen-containing compound. A high reduction of total nitrogen up to about 85% was obtained. The denitrogenation pathway is composed of two consecutive steps: in situ H2 generation and the hydrogenation of quinoline. The hydrogenation mechanism of quinoline varies with reaction temperature because of the participation of supercritical water in HDN step. The strong adsorption of quinoline and its hydrogenation intermediates on catalyst surface has an adverse influence on total nitrogen reduction rate. 相似文献