异丙醇-水为溶剂合成扑草净

以三聚氯氰、异丙胺和甲硫醇钠为原料,以50％异丙醇＋50％水为溶剂（v）制备了扑草净。讨论了原料配比、反应时间和反应温度等因素对反应的影响,获得了较佳的反应条件。较佳反应条件为三聚氯氰：异丙胺：氢氧化钠：甲硫醇钠=1：2．1：2．0：1．7（mol）,第一、第二、第三取代反应的反应温度和反应时间分别为0℃、30℃、82℃和30、60、180min。在较佳的反应条件下,扑草净的收率和纯度分别为82．6％和97．4％。     

α-萘乙酸合成工艺研究

以荼与氯乙酸为原料，纳米级复合金属混合物Fht为主催化剂，KBr为助催化剂，采用直接缩合法制备了α-萘乙酸，讨论了原料配比、催化剂、反应时间及升温速度等因素对反应的影响，获得了较佳反应条件。合成α-萘乙酸较佳反应条件为：萘与氯乙酸摩尔比为3：1，Fht-1与KBr重量比为1：3，Fht-1用量为萘量的0．52％，4h升至反应温度．反应温度为180℃～224℃，反应时间为25h。在较佳反应条件下，产品收率为61．4％，熔点为118．5℃～129℃。     

UV944中间体2，6-二氯-4-叔辛胺-1，3，5-三嗪的合成研究

本文对用三聚氯氰和叔辛胺合成UV944中问体2，6-二氯-4-叔辛胺-1，3，5-三嗪的工艺进行了研究，考察了溶剂、原料配比、束酸剂、反应温度、反应时间等的影响。结果表明：在加入原料2摩尔倍的呵1苯、n（叔辛胺）：n（三聚氯氰）=1.05、以碳酸钠一碳酸氧钠（1．5：1）缓冲体系作束酸剂、反应温度为5、8℃、反应时问为5h的优化工艺条件下町得到得率在85％以上、GC含量为98．4％的产品。     

厌氧胶粘剂的合成研究

以苯酚、甲醛、丙烯酸为主要原料合成一种厌氧胶,试验对羟甲基酚醇的合成条件、醑化反应的工艺条件和厌氧胶粘剂的配方进行了优化。在原料配比为2．5：1,反应时间为70min,pH值为10,反应温度为75℃时羟甲基酚醇生成量最多;当丙烯酸分批投入,催化剂一次投入,反应时间为2．5h,反应温度为50—60℃时酯的收率较佳;当单体重8．1278g,引发剂、促进剂、助促进剂分别为单体质量的5％、2．8％和1．0％时,胶的调配最佳。     

1-硝基蒽醌的合成研究

以蒽醌和硝化剂为原料，在钠盐的作用下合成1－硝基蒽醌。讨论了影响反应的诸因素，得出较佳的反应条件为：反应温度20℃，反应时间3h，原料质量比（蒽醌：99％硝酸：98％硫酸：磷酸：钠盐）为1：2．2：1：0．5：0．02，产物1－硝基蒽醌含量为86．4％。采用有机溶剂法精制后，产品全程收率71．4％，纯度98．1％。标题产物经气相色谱和色谱－质谱联用谱仪确证。     

2-二乙胺基-6-甲基-4-羟基嘧啶的合成

以二乙胍硝酸盐为原料,与乙酰乙酸乙酯环合制备了2-二乙胺基-6-甲基-4-羟基嘧啶,讨论了反应溶剂、原料配比、反应温度及反应时间等因素对反应的影响,获得了较佳的反应条件。制备2-二乙胺基-6-甲基4羟基嘧啶的较佳的反应条件为：采用甲苯为溶剂,反应温度110℃,反应时间2h,二乙胍硝酸盐与乙酰乙酸乙酯及乙醇钠的摩尔比为1：1．2：1．2。在较佳反应条件下,以二乙胍硝酸盐计,产品收率为91％,含量为99％。     

磷钼钒杂多酸催化合成乙酸正丁酯的研究

研究了以乙酸和正丁醇为原料,磷钼钒杂多酸为催化剂合成乙酸正丁酯的反应,考察了原料醇酸物质的量比、反应时间、反应温度、催化剂用量等因素对酯化反应的影响,经过试验确定了合成乙酸正丁酯的较佳工艺条件,醇酸物质的量比为1．2：1,磷钼钒杂多酸催化剂用量为反应液总量的0．6％,反应时间为85min,反应温度为115℃,在此条件下,乙酸正丁酯的收率为93％-95％。     

中间体2-氨基-4-二甲氨基-6-三氟乙氧基均三嗪的合成

以三聚氯氰为原料，分别与氨水、二甲胺及三氟乙醇反应，合成2-氨基-4-二甲氨基-6-三氟乙氧基均三嗪。考察了原料配比，溶剂选择，反应时间，反应温度等因素对产品产率的影响，并通过试验得到了该反应的优化了工艺条件。胺化条件：n（三聚氯氰）：n（氨水）：n（二甲胺）=1：2：1．8～1．9，反应时间30min；醚化条件：n（2-氨基-4-二甲氨基-6-氯均三嗪）：n（氢氧化钾）：n（三氟乙醇）=1：1：1．1，反应时间2h。在此条件下，收率达到88．7％。     

异丁苯合成工艺的研究

以甲苯和丙烯为原料、钠一钾合金为催化剂，通过侧链烷基化反应制备了异丁苯，考察了反应温度、反应压力、丙烯反应时间及反应物摩尔比对异丁苯收率的影响。结果表明，在反应温度为200℃、反应压力为3．0MPa、甲苯与催化剂反应时间为1.5h、丙烯反应时间为3h、丙烯与甲苯的摩尔比为0．85：1的优化条件下，异丁苯的收率达到63．85％。     

油酸-2-羟基-3-磺酸钠丙酯的合成

以亚硫酸氢钠、环氧氯丙烷、磷酸钠和油酸等为原料,合成了油酸-2-羟基-3-磺酸钠丙酯,探索了反应温度、催化剂、反应时间、反应物物质的量比等因素对合成的影响,得到了适宜的反应条件：环氧氯丙烷滴加到亚硫酸氢钠溶液中,反应时间3．5h,反应温度85℃,合成3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠;3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠加入磷酸钠溶液中,反应温度55℃,反应时间4．0h,合成环氧丙磺酸钠;环氧丙磺酸钠溶液滴加到90℃的油酸溶液中,反应时间3．0h,合成油酸-2-羟基-3-丙磺酸钠,产率为85．2％。对产品进行了红外光谱表征,产品显示了较好的表面活性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。