喷丸处理对304不锈钢焊接接头氯化钠应力腐蚀开裂的影响

对304不锈钢氩弧焊焊接接头表面作了喷丸处理,并在金相显微镜与扫描电镜下对处理后材料表面的微观组织进行了观察,用X射线应力衍射仪测试了喷丸处理后试样的残余应力分布,并进行了NaC1水溶液应力腐蚀试验.结果表明,304不锈钢焊缝在NaCl溶液中具有明显的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性,喷丸处理能够很好地提高焊接构件抗应力腐蚀开裂能力;应力腐蚀裂纹断口表现为脆性断裂,各区的应力腐蚀裂纹属于穿晶型裂纹.     

喷丸对800合金在高温碱性溶液中应力腐蚀开裂敏感性的影响

在315℃10%的NaOH溶液中采用恒应变法加载的C型环试样,研究了喷丸工艺对国产800合金管材料应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)敏感性的影响。结果表明,在腐蚀试验进行500h后,未喷丸以及喷丸覆盖率较低的试样管均出现了不同程度的应力腐蚀开裂。随着喷丸覆盖率的提高,800合金的抗SCC能力明显增强。     

喷丸强化改善管线钢X80焊接接头SCC行为研究

采用应力环试验研究了在H2S环境下,喷丸强化及其后处理技术对X80管线钢焊接接头应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为的影响和喷丸强化及其后处理前后焊接接头的显微组织结构变化.结果表明:由于残余压应力和晶粒细化的共同作用,喷丸强化能有效改善X80钢焊接接头抗SCC的能力;若喷丸强化后再表面磨光,则可以进一步改善喷丸强化提高SCC抗力的效果.     

不锈钢气相管焊接热影响区应力腐蚀开裂研究

针对一起SUS304L不锈钢化工气相管焊接热影响区(HAZ)应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)的失效综合分析，发现该不锈钢SCC为穿晶应力腐蚀开裂而不是常见的不锈钢HAZ的晶间应力腐蚀，认为SUS304L不锈钢在此服役环境中对SCC无法免疫。根据材料发生SCC失效微观特征与使用环境的关系，给出了选材和焊接加工的建议。     

氯化物溶液中敏化304不锈钢应力腐蚀开裂的临界电位

研究了氯化物浓度、溶液温度、应力及敏化程度对敏化304不锈钢在NaCI水溶液中晶间型应力腐蚀开裂的影响。结果表明，材料的敏化程度、NaCI浓度、溶液温度和应力对敏化304不锈钢的ER.SCC有显著的影响，敏化304不锈钢的DR．SCC低于ER．CREV，应力腐蚀开裂发生在正于ER．SCC的电位范围，而电位低于该值则免于发生应力腐蚀开裂，由此得知，ER．SCC可适用于评价敏化不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性。     

喷丸处理提高TP304H耐热钢锅炉管抗水蒸气氢化性能应用效果的观察

对TP304H(0Cr19Ni9)耐热不锈钢采用喷丸处理工艺进行表面处理，连同未处理管同时安装在1000t／h电站锅炉的屏式再热器上，实际运行7552h后取样分析管子内壁高温水蒸气氧化情况．观察结果表明，喷丸处理减小了内氧化倾向，合金元素Cr在表层区域富集，氧化膜层的物相构成由Fe的氧化物转变为以Cr氧化物为主的形态，氧化膜更为致密，有效提高了耐热钢的抗水蒸汽氧化性能．文中分析了喷丸对氧化机理的影响，并讨论了喷丸处理工艺对氧化过程中扩散机理的影响以及氧化膜物相组成的变化．     

喷丸强化残余应力对AISI304不锈钢疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响

目的 探究喷丸强化残余压应力对AISI 304不锈钢疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响规律.方法 建立并联合紧凑拉伸(CT)试样三维有限元模型和对称胞元喷丸有限元模型,发展一套多步骤数值模拟方法.首先,建立AISI 304不锈钢CT试样的三维有限元模型,模拟不同外加交变载荷工况下的疲劳裂纹扩展过程.基于线弹性断裂力学理论,利用裂纹闭合技术,计算不同裂纹长度对应的应力强度因子范围,采用修正的Paris公式计算疲劳裂纹扩展速率,并通过试验数据对计算结果进行考核.其次,建立多弹丸分层逐次冲击靶面的对称胞元喷丸有限元模型,模拟100％和200％喷丸覆盖率下的残余应力场,并通过试验数据对该对称胞元喷丸有限元模型的有效性进行验证.最后,将喷丸强化诱导的残余应力场以读写外部文件的方式导入CT试样三维有限元模型,模拟在内部残余应力场和外部交变载荷共同作用下的疲劳裂纹扩展行为.结果 对于相同的喷丸工况,保持外加载荷比不变而减小最大外加载荷,或者保持最大外加载荷不变而减小外加载荷比,喷丸强化诱导的残余压应力对疲劳裂纹扩展的抑制作用愈加显著.对于相同的外加载荷工况,200％喷丸覆盖率工况比100％喷丸覆盖率工况更能有效降低AISI 304不锈钢的疲劳裂纹扩展速率.结论 喷丸强化诱导的残余压应力场能够有效抑制AISI 304不锈钢的疲劳裂纹扩展.     

超声冲击处理对304L不锈钢焊接残余应力的影响

基于试验标定了不锈钢材料小孔法应力测试的应变释放系数,测试了6 mm厚304L不锈钢退火态试板超声冲击前后的应力以及氩弧焊对接接头超声冲击处理前后的应力,研究了超声冲击处理对不锈钢横向和纵向焊接残余应力的影响效果,分析了超声冲击应力和焊接残余应力的叠加效果。结果表明,超声冲击无应力304L试板后在其表面形成幅值达250 MPa分布均匀的压缩应力;焊接接头冲击区域由残余拉应力变为残余压应力,焊趾的应力集中现象消除;超声冲击后的应力状态与初始应力分布相关,且焊接接头超声冲击后应力不是焊接残余应力跟超声冲击应力线性叠加。     

超声波冲击处理对S355J2W+N钢对接接头焊后残余应力的影响

基于X射线衍射法,测试了厚12 mm的S355J2W+N钢对接焊接接头试板不同覆盖率超声波冲击处理前后表面及电解抛光后不同层深的残余应力状态。研究了不同覆盖率对试板横向、纵向残余应力及其不同层深处残余应力分布的影响规律。结果表明,经100%覆盖率超声波冲击处理后,对接接头表面的横向和纵向残余压应力都高达500 MPa;冲击区域由残余拉应力转变为残余压应力;随着覆盖率的增加,残余应力分布趋于均匀;经对权衡超声波冲击效果与时间、经济效益后,得知400%覆盖率为最合理的超声波冲击处理工艺参数。     

用XPS分析喷丸处理后800合金在强碱溶液中的腐蚀产物

对不同喷丸工艺的铁镍基800合金在300℃、50％NaOH溶液中的应力腐蚀行为进行了比较。研究了喷丸改善应力腐蚀的原因．用AES、XPS等测量手段分析了腐蚀3000h仍未发生应力开裂的样品表面生成的多层惰性膜的化学成分及价态组成。并探讨了苛性碱中多层腐蚀膜生成的原因．     

Mitigation of Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility of Machined 304L Stainless Steel Through Laser Peening

The paper describes an experimental study aimed at suppressing stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of machined 304L stainless steel specimens through laser shock peening. The study also evaluates a new approach of oblique laser shock peening to suppress stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of internal surface of type 304L stainless steel tube. The results of the study, performed with an indigenously developed 2.5 J/7 ns Nd:YAG laser, demonstrated that laser shock peening effectively suppresses chloride stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of machined surface of type 304L stainless steel. In the investigated range of incident laser power density (3.2-6.4 GW/cm²), machined specimens peened with power density of 4.5 and 6.4 GW/cm² displayed lower stress corrosion cracking susceptibility considerably than those treated with 3.2 and 3.6 GW/cm² in boiling magnesium chloride test. Oblique laser shock peening, performed on machined internal surface of a type 304L stainless steel tube (OD = 111 mm; ID = 101 mm), was successful in introducing residual compressive surface stresses which brought about significant suppression of its stress corrosion cracking susceptibility. The technique of oblique laser shock peening, in spite of its inherent limitations on the length of peened region being limited by tube internal diameter and the need for access from both the sides, presents a simplified approach for peening internal surface of small tubular components.     

MECHANISM OF SLOW CRACK GROWTH AND STRESS CORROSION CRACKING IN AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL

通过金相跟踪观察、力学测量及断口分析,研究了奥氏体不锈钢氢致开裂和应力腐蚀的机理.结果表明,无论是不稳定型(321)还是稳定型(310)奥氏体不锈钢,电解充氢时先产生塑性变形,当它发展到临界状态时就导致氢致裂纹的形核.但在42%MgCl_2沸腾溶液中应力腐蚀时,裂纹的形核和滞后塑性变形无关.两种(321)輿氏体不锈钢应力腐蚀的门槛值K_(ISCC)远比严重充氢时氢致开裂的门槛值K_(IH)要低.两者的断口形貌也不同,应力腐蚀是解理断口,且和K_I无关.而氢致开裂断口和K_I有关,K_I高是韧窝,K_I低则获得准解理断口.实验表明,氢在奥氏体不锈钢应力腐蚀(沸腾MgCl_2介质)过程中并不起主要作用.     

Influence of peening on the corrosion properties of AISI 304 stainless steel

The effects of peening treatment on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of AISI 304SS were investigated. Shot and ultrasonic peening were performed on the austenitic stainless steel, and peened specimens were compared in terms of microstructure, surface roughness and corrosion resistance. Nano-sized grains, multi-directional mechanical twins and strain-induced martensite were formed on the surfaces, and the volume fraction of strain-induced martensite in the ultrasonically peened specimen was higher than that of the shot-peened specimen. The ultrasonically peened specimen which had smoother surface and contained more strain-induced martensite showed superior general and localized corrosion resistance to the as-received and shot-peened specimens.     

Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of Peened Friction Stir Welded 2195 Aluminum Alloy Joints

The surface treatment techniques of laser and shot peening were used to investigate their effect on stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in friction stir welded (FSW) 2195 aluminum alloy joints. The investigation consisted of two parts: the first part explored the peening effects on slow strain rate testing (SSRT) in a 3.5% NaCl solution, while the second part investigated the effects of peening on corrosion while submerged in a 3.5% NaCl solution with no external loads applied. For the SSRT, the laser-peened samples demonstrated superior properties to the other samples, but no signs of corrosion pitting or SCC were evident on any of the samples. For the second part of the study, the FSW plates were inspected periodically for signs of corrosion. After 60 days there were signs of corrosion pitting, but no stress corrosion cracking was noticed in any of the peened and unpeened samples.     

Corrosion susceptibility of peened friction stir welded 7075 aluminum alloy joints

Effects of surface treatment techniques like laser and shot peening on stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of friction stir welded (FSW) 7075 aluminum alloy joints were investigated. This study had two parts; the first part investigated the peening effects on stress corrosion cracking susceptibility in FSW samples by slow strain rate testing in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The second part of the study investigated the effects of peening on corrosion while submerged in a 3.5% NaCl solution with no external loads applied. No signs of corrosion pitting or SCC were evident on any of the tensile samples during the slow strain rate testing. The FSW plates exposed in 3.5% NaCl solution for 60 days were inspected periodically for signs of corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in the areas expected to have residual stresses due to welding. Pitting corrosion was seen on the samples, but even after 60 day exposure no stress corrosion cracking was detected on any of the peened or unpeened samples.     

Corrosion Behavior of Weldments of Ti and Ti- 5Ta for Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Plants

Corrosion studies on specimens of nuclear- grade type 304L stainless steel, titanium, Ti- 5Ta, and their respective weldments were carried out in a boiling nitric acid medium, as well as in boiling nitric acid containing hexavalent chromium and divalent silver ions. The weldments were prepared using a tungsten inert gas welding process. Titanium and its weldment showed excellent corrosion resistance in both media compared to 304L stainless steel. Specimens of Ti- 5Ta alloy base showed excellent corrosion resistance, whereas its weldment showed higher corrosion rates in boiling nitric acid medium. Scanning electron microscopy and x- ray diffraction analyses were carried out on the tested specimens to examine the scale morphology and the phases present on the surface.     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND RESISTANCE TO LOCALIZED CORROSION OF DEFORMED 18-5-Nb DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL

The SCC susceptibility of the plastically pre-deformed 18-5-Nb duplex stainless steel to lo-calized corrosion was evaluated in both 25% NaCl+1% K_2Cr_2O_7 and 42% MgCl_2 boiling so-lutions.The y phase in the steel is metastable at room temperature and the γ-α′ martensitictransformation can be induced by cold plastic deformation.With the increase in colddeformation,the volume fraction of α′ martensite increases.Cold plastic deformation resultsin a remarkable deterioration of SCC resistance of the steel in chloride-containing solutions,resulting from the decrease in corrosion resistance of γ phase in the duplex.It is indicated that,in NaCl solution,the SCC in 18-5-Nb duplex stainless steel initiates at pits and the selectiveattack on γ phase plays a significant role in the initiation and propagation of SCC.     

不锈钢Ⅱ型试样的应力腐蚀和氢致开裂

研究了奥氏体不锈钢(1Cr18Ni9Ti)Ⅱ型试样的应力腐蚀和氢致开裂。实验表明,该试样在沸腾MgCl_2溶液中能产生应力腐蚀,裂纹形核门槛值为K_(ⅡSCC)/K_(ⅢX)=0.16。但裂纹并不在缺口面的最大剪应力处(θ=80°)形核,而是在最大正应力处(θ=-110°)形核,并指向正应力的法线方向。该试样动态充氢时能发生氢致开裂,其门槛值K_(ⅡH)/K_(ⅡX)=0.59,远比应力腐蚀的值要高,当K_Ⅱ较高时,氢致裂纹在最大剪应力处形核。当K_Ⅱ较低时,则在最大三向应力处(θ=-110°)形核。应力腐蚀是解理断口,且与K_Ⅱ无关。而氢致开裂断口则与K_Ⅱ有关,K_Ⅱ较高时是分布有二次裂纹的剪切韧窝断口,K_Ⅱ较低时则是准解理断口。     

预蠕变对奥氏体不锈钢和黄铜应力腐蚀的影响

用恒载荷和恒位移试样分别研究了预蠕变对奥氏体不锈钢在成膜(42%MgCl_2)和不成膜(0.5mol/L HCl+0.5mol/L NaCl)溶液,以及黄铜在氨水溶液中应力腐蚀的影响结果表明,如用恒载荷试样,则无论是不锈钢还是黄铜,预蠕变对应力腐蚀断裂时间和门槛值均没有影响;如用恒位移试样,则预蠕变能使不锈钢和黄铜应力腐蚀门槛值成倍提高黄铜在氨水中加载阴极保护足够长时间后能抑制随后开路条件下的应力腐蚀,这归因于阴极极化改变溶液成分和pH值,而不是预蠕变的影响